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代词（讲义）
目录
一 代词的分类
二 代词易错题分析
三 高考模拟试题
代词分类
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词
不定代词。
人称代词[科|网]
(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定
式连用，常用宾格。
—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要
保持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列
句中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too.
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。[来源:
学科网]
You，she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
物主代词
(1)注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。(2)one’s own...＝...of one’s own句式的转换。
(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb. by the arm，be wounded in the leg
反身代词
(1)反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
(2)反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣 enjoy oneself过得快活 feel oneself觉得正
常
(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地，of oneself自然地；自动地，by oneself独自地，in oneself本身
相互代词
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，each other one another
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明
显。
指示代词
this，that，these，those，such，same
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
(1)指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思
相当于副词so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
(2)such和same的用法。
①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.
We have never seen such a tall building.
②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词
the。
The same can be said of the other article.
Whether he can do it or not，it is all the same to me.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
疑问代词
(who，whom，which，what，whose)
疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
(1)who/what
①询问姓名或关系。
—Who is he?
—He is my brother./He is Henry.
询问职业或地位。
—What is he?
—He is a lawyer/teacher.
②what/who 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。
What is/are on the table?
Who is/are in the library?
(2)which与who，what
which表示在一定范围内，而who，what则无此限制。
I found two books on the desk. Which is yours?
连接代词和关系代词
连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有 who，whom，whose，what，which以及它们与
ever合成的代词whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句、
宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，
由连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that。
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括 who，whom，whose，which，that等。这
两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。
不定代词
不定代词主要有：all，each，every，both，either，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等。还有由some，any，no和every构成的
合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主
语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every，no只能作定语)。
高考常考的不定代词
one
（一）one（一个），可以指人，也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
one（主语）should not praise oneself（宾语）.一个人不应炫耀自己。（one作主语和宾
语）
If one wants to visit the city，one must find one's own guide.如要参观这个城市，得自己
找向导。
（二）one，ones（one的复数形式）可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。
Do you have a car？Yes，I have one.你有一辆小汽车吗？是的，我有一辆。
I like small cars better than large ones.我喜欢小汽车，不喜欢大汽车。
（三）one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词修饰。
There are three pens，which one is yours，this one or that one or the one in the pencil-
box？这儿有三支钢笔，哪一支是你的？这支？那支？还是在铅笔盒里的那支？
（四）a+形容词+one这一形式，经常见到或使用。
I have an old bike，but he has a new one.我有辆旧自行车，他有辆新的。
（五）own后面不用one
Your shoes don't fit me， I'd better wear my own.我穿你的鞋不合适，我最好还是穿我自
己的。
（六）比较it和one的比较
it用来指特定的东西（the+名词）；而one则用于替代不特定的东西（a，an+名词）
You have a pen，can I use it（=the pen）？你有一支钢笔，我可以用它（这支钢笔）吗？
（特指）
Do you have a pen？Yes，I have one（=a pen）.你有钢笔吗？是的，我有一支。（泛
指）
some，any
I have some money in my pocket，but it is not enough.
Do you have any？我口袋里有一些钱，但不够，你有钱吗？
（一）some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。
I have some science books.我有一些科技书。（some在肯定句中译为一些）
There is some ink in the bottle.瓶子里有一些墨水。
I haven't any money.（=I have no money.）
Do you have any？我一分钱都没有了，你有（钱吗）？
注意：
not…any =no…
any在否定句、问句中不须译出来。
You can ask me if you have any questions.（条件句）如果你有任何问题，你都可以
问我。
（二）some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。
我有重要的事告诉你。
I don't know anything about it .(I know nothing about it .)关于这件事，我什么都不知道。
Anybody can do it.任何人都可以做这件事。
注意：something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时，形容词要放在它们的后面。
（三）在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求，或期待一个肯
定的回答时才能用some。
Will you have some tea？你喝茶吗？（表邀请）
Did somebody call me this morning？今天上午有人给我打电话吧？（表可能已约好）
（四）在否定句中，some表示半否定，any表示全否定。
I don't know some of you.我只认识你们中的一些人。（我不会认识你们）
I don't know any of you.你们，我一个也不认识。
（五）some用于单数可数名词前时，表示“某个”，而不是“一些”。
This morning some boy asked for you.今天上午，有个男孩要求见你。
There must be some reason for what he's done.他干这些事，肯定有某种原因。
比较：
Is there anything to eat？有什么吃的吗？（不知有没有，只是问一问）
Is there something to eat？有一些吃的吧？（希望，而且断定会有）
other，another的用法
（一）another（=an other），别的、另一个，泛指众多中一个，一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。
This book is too difficult for me.
Will you please give me another one（=another book）？这本书对我而言太难了，可以给
我另一本吗？（another是指许多书中的一本，作为定语）
I don't like this one. Show me another.我不喜欢这个，给我看看另一个好吗？（another
作宾语）
He got three books；one is a dictionary，another is a play，the third is a grammar.他买了三
本书，一本是字典，另一本是剧本，还有一本是语法书。（another作主语）
有时another可以用在复数名词前译为“再、又”。
You may stay for another ten days.你可以再住十天。
（二）the other表示两个中的一个，常与one连用。
one…the other…
I have two pencils；one is red；（and）the other is blue.我有两支铅笔，一支是红的，另
一支是蓝的。
There are only two books left. But I don't like this one. Will you please show me the other？
只剩下二本书了。可我不喜欢这一本，请给我另一本好吗？
惯用词组：
each other，one another互相
one after another一个接一个
the other day前几天
（三）other+名词=others（别的）
Some are listening to the radio，others are watching TV.一些人在听广播，一些人在看电
视。
Some students went to the Summer Palace. Other students（=others）stayed at home last
Sunday.上周日，一些同学去颐和园，一些同学（还有同学）呆在家里。
（四）the other +名词=the others，译为其余的，相当于the rest。
There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students（=the others）are
boys.我们班有三十个学生，二十名女孩，其余的都是男孩。
Some of the pencils are red. The others（=the other pencils）are green.有些铅笔是红的，
其余的都是绿的。
比较：Some of the pencils are red，others（=other pencils）are green.有些铅笔是红的，还有一
些是绿的。（暗示可能还有些笔是别的颜色的：白色的、黄色的……）
all，both
All of them go to the movies.他们都去看电影。
Both of my parents are healthy.我的双亲身体都健康。
（一）all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物，或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、
宾语、同位语和定语。
All of us like her.（作主语）=We all like her.（作同位语）我们所有的人都喜欢他。
All the oil（不可数名词）has been used up.（作主语）所有的油都用完了。
That's all for today.（作表语）今天就到这儿了。
You haven't eaten all（of）the bread.（作宾语）你的面包没有吃完。
All the students were there.（作定语）所有的学生都在那儿。
注意：all，both的位置和频度副词一样放在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，如有多
个助动词，则放在第一个助动词之后。放在一般动词（实义动词）之前。
They all（both）went there.他们（两个）全都去那里了。
（二）both是指两者都…；而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都…。在句中可作主语、
宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别：
They were all waiting outside the gate.他们（三个以上）都在大门外等着。
They were both waiting outside the gate.他们两个都在大门外等着。
each，every
On each（every）side of the square there were policemen.在广场的四周都有警察。
（一）从数量上看：each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以
上的人或物中的一个。
There are many trees on each side（不能用every side）of the street.大街的两侧有许多大
树。
On each（every）side of the square there were soldiers.广场的四周都是士兵。
（二）从含义和语法功能上看：each是“单个”的意思，侧重于个体、个性，在句中
可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。
而every是“每一个”的意思，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是
说它后面必须跟着名词。
（三）含有every的词组every week每周
every two weeks每两周
every other day（week，line）每隔一天（每隔一周，每隔一行）
every other ten days每隔十天
Every student is here.=All the students are here.所有的学生们都出席了。（强调整体）
Each of the boys has a bike.每个男孩子都有一辆自行车。（each作主语，强调个体，每
一个）。
There are flowers on each side of the river.（作定语）河两岸都是花。
Two men came and I gave a book to each.（作宾语）两个人来了，我给他们每人一本书。
each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。
The students have two pens each.（作同位语）每个学生有两支钢笔。
They each have two pens.（作同位语）他们每人有两支钢笔。
Each of the students has two pens.（作主语）每个学生有两支钢笔。
Each of them has two pens.（作主语）他们每人有两支钢笔。
注意：
every在句中只能作定语，而它的合成词只能作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语，也
就是说every后面必须跟名词，而它的合成词后面绝不可能跟名词。
Every boy is here .=Everybody is here.每个人都在。
either，neither，both
either：指两者中的任意一个。
neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。
both：指两者都，肯定。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）
Either of the films is good.（作主语，谓语动词用单数）两部电影中有一部不错。
He wrote to neither of them.他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。
He wrote to either of them.（作宾语）他给他们中的一个人写了信。
Neither teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。
Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。
Both the teachers often answer the questions.（作定语）这两个老师都常常解答问题。
注意：
标题上三词作定语时的比较，both后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。either和neither后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。
many，much
Many（of）the students have sports.（作主语）许多学生参加体育锻炼。
He has not got much time to go over his lessons.（作定语）他没有多少时间复习功课了。
We are many；you are few.（作表语）我们是多数，你们是少数。
She has much（work）to do.（作宾语）她有许多工作要去做。
few, a few; little, a little
There are few minutes left. Hurry up!就剩下几分钟了，快点儿！
Don't worry! There are a few minutes left.别着急，还有几分钟呢。
There is little time left. Hurry up!没多少时间了，快点儿！
There is a little time left. Don't worry.别着急，还有时间呢
My sister has a few friends. But she has few good friends.我姐姐有一些朋友，但是她几乎
没有真正的好朋友。
代词易错题分析
When the BBC asked her what kind of person takes to walk around the world, Maxwell
said, “It’s probably a combination of ambition, a little stubbornness and a pinch of passion—not
for hiking as a sport, but for self-discovery and adventure.
易错分析：1.句子结构复杂，句中包含多个从句，结构分析容易出错。2. 对从句中的形式
主语和真正的动词不定式主语分析错误。
As the weather turns warmer and air becomes drier, it is recommended that people eat fresh
vegetables and juicy fruits to keep_________ (them) hydrated (保持水分).
易错分析：1.长句子造成句子结构划分错误，逻辑意思不清。2.反身代词复数形式变化易出
错。
It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin where visitors can view the river
passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing (it) long history’ and diverse
cultures.
易错分析：句子成分划分出错，句意不理解，形容词性物主代词和反身代词混用。
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in______ (they) search for warm
shelter.
易错分析：解题不注重瞻前顾后，未关注空格后名词缺少定语，只看到介词后错用代词宾
格。高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河东·二模）Despite her illness, Lucy had lost ________ of her enthusiasm for
life and still made many plans for the future.
A．neither B．both C．all D．none
2．（2024·天津·模拟预测）The latest report made __________ clear that climate change will
influence the poorest countries most strongly.
A．one B．what C．it D．this
3．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）Tom still takes ______ for granted that every time a Real
Madrid team puts on their shirts to play football, they will win.
A．it B．one C．them D．this
4．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）The network of China’s high-speed train is much longer than
______ in Japan.
A．one B．that C．it D．this
5．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—Is it ________ mobile phone?
—No, it isn’t. ________ is left in the office.
A．you; I B．your; My C．yours; Mine D．your; Mine
6．（2024·天津·一模）Few pleasures can equal ______ of a journey to Harbin, enjoying the
fantastic icy sculptures as well as the enthusiasm of the local people.
A．one B．that C．those D．ones
7．（2024江苏扬州·一模）The wedding dress of the Princess is noble and elegant. ________ is
the beauty of this style that it will be popular with young women.
A．Such B．It C．What D．That
8．（2024天津·二模）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are
happier than who are not.
A．ones B．those C．that D．them
9．（2024广东广州·模拟）________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life
was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A．As; whose B．It; whom C．It; whose D．As; whom
10．（2024·天津·三模）Generally speaking, parents’ influence on their children is greater than
________of anyone else’s.A．one B．it C．that D．those
11．（2024天津·一模）Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________
learned by yourself.
A．one B．that C．those D．this
12．（2024江苏南通·三模）Education reform has swept across schools, bringing with ______
new opportunities for students to develop in an all-round way.
A．one B．it C．them D．those
13．（2024江苏无锡·模拟）_________was a desperate race against time to land the plane
before it ran out of fuel. Fortunately, the young pilot made it eventually.
A．It B．This C．What D．As
14．（2024天津模拟）She didn't understand why I paid a repair man when my brother would
do it for _.
A．nothing B．anything
C．everything D．something
15．（2024·浙江·宁波一模）How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite
TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A．them B．one
C．those D．it
二、翻译
16．（2024·上海宝山·二模）你认为中学生为了完成作业，有必要花大量的时间到网上去
查找资料吗？(it)
17．（2023·上海黄浦·一模）超市离我家步行就能到达，买日用品非常方便。(As)
18．（23-24高三上·上海·开学考试）你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗? (sense)
19．（2024上海杨浦·模拟）在新闻发布会上，发言人明确表示他发表的评论媒体不得断章
取义，以免造成误解。(it)
20．（2024上海·二模）因为一条假新闻， 这家超市货架上的所有商品已被一抢而空，真
是匪夷所思。(It)
