Unit5 Working the Land
词汇
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
2.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
3.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
4.witness vt.当场看到；见证 n．目击者；证人
5.identical adj.相同的
6.interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译
7.reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
8.incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
9.trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
10.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的
11.reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出
12.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
13.tendency n．趋势；倾向
14.barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
15.distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心
16.distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别
17.ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的
18.merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
19.conflict n．& vi.矛盾；冲突
20.ultimately adv.最终；最后
单词变形
1.shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的
2.devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的；专心的→devotion n．献
身；奉献；忠诚
3.assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assume v．假定；认为；承担
4.consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume v．消耗；消费
5.reality n．现实；实际情况；事实→real adj.真的；真实的；现实的
6.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.令人信服的
7.generate vt.产生；引起→generation n．产生；一代人
8.extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend v．延伸；扩大；推广
9.entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.完整的；完全的
10.nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
11.bacterium n．细菌→bacteria n．(pl.)细菌
12.depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的；深远的短语
1.an agricultural scientist农业科学家
2.conduct research进行研究
3.fufil one’s dream实现某人的梦想
4.care little for fame and weatlh淡薄名利
5.work the land 耕种土地
6.good harvasts 丰收
7.work as从事…职业
8.given that鉴于，考虑到
9.far from the case远非如此
10.deep down 内心深处
11.at heart内心里，本质上
12.ear of rice稻穗
13.open up开发
14.dream up凭空想象
15.power plant发电厂
16.apart from除了…
17.other than除了…
18.commit oneself to…全心全意投入
19.take on 承担责任
20.reduce the intense stress from studying减少来自学习的巨大压力
21.in wartime在战争时期
22.make use of 利用
23.meet increasing consumption demands 满足日益增长的消费需求
24.adapt to 适应
25.live a healthy life过健康的生活
26.make up one’s mind下定决心做某事
27.listen forsth留心听
28.over time随着时间的推移
29.underground water sources地下水源
30.as for至于
31.be rich in nutrition富含营养32.switch to转向，转变
33.Keep…free from…使…免受影响
34.make a good job of sth某事做得好
35.in a logical order按逻辑顺序
36.sound advice合理的建议
37.clear…off…从…清除掉
38.a diverse range of 各种各样的
39.enable sb to do sth使某人做某事
40.carry out a plan实施计划
41.high-paying job高薪工作
42.start up创立
43.for sale 待售
44.have negative impact on对…有消极影响
45.the natural balance of the environment环境的自然平衡
句式
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious
shortage of food to eat.
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2.Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops
generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million
tons of rice per year.
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)
让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
3.My mother is very conventional and finds it hard to accept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy.
我母亲非常传统,觉得很难接受我喜欢的现代生活方式。
4.For example,pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects,but also helpful ones.
例如,农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时,也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫,从而破坏土地。
5.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the
world. 他们不能如愿的原因是化学耕作满足了全世界对食物的高需求。
教材话题题型综合训练
词性转换（一）1．amusement n.娱乐，消遣→ v.使发笑→ adj.有趣的；逗人笑的→ adj.觉得好
笑的；愉快的，开心的
2．entertain v.使快乐→ adj.令人愉快的→ n.娱乐；招待
3．examine v.检查(身体)→ n.考试；检查
4．advertisement n.广告→ v.做广告
5．employer n.雇用者，雇主→ v.雇用→ n.雇员
6．essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的→ adv.本质上，根本上
7．impress v.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象→ n.印象
8．fame n.名声，名誉→ adj.著名的
9．remark n.言论；意见，评论→ adj.显著的
10．interaction n.交流→ v.交流，互动
11．cruel adj.残忍的→ n.残忍
12．gently adv.温和地；轻柔地→ adj.温和的；文雅的
13．conclude v.结束，终止→ n.结论
14．composer n.作曲家→ v.作曲
【答案】
1． amuse amusing amused 2． entertaining entertainment 3．examination
4．advertise 5． employ employee 6．essentially 7．impression 8．famous 9．
remarkable 10．interact 11．cruelty 12．gentle 13．conclusion 14．compose
词性转换（二）
15．enlarge v.(使)增大，扩大→ adj.大的；大规模的；大量的→ adv.很大程度上，主要
地
16．judge v.判断 n.法官；裁判员→ v.对(人或情况)判断错误→ n.判断力；意见
17．identical adj.完全相同的；非常相似的→ adv.同一地，相等地
18．skin n.皮，皮肤；(蔬菜,水果等)外皮；毛皮→ adj.极瘦的，皮包骨的
19．assume v.假定；认为；承担；装出；呈现→ adj.假定的；假设的→ n.假定，假设
20．psychology n.心理，心理过程→p adj.心理的；精神上的；心理学(上)的；关于心理学的→
adv.心理上地；精神上地→ n.心理学研究者；心理学家 ist结尾的名词
21．fright n.惊吓；恐怖→ adj.可怕的→ v.使惊吓；使惊恐→f adj.受惊的；
害怕的→ adj.引起恐惧的；使惊恐的；骇人的
22．sense n.感觉官能；意识→ adj.明智的；合理的；朴素而实用的；意识到→s adj.愚蠢的；无意义的→ adj.敏感的；体贴的；有悟性的
23．loyal adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的→ adv.忠诚地→ n.忠诚，忠实→ n.(尤
指在变动时期对统治者、政府或政党)忠诚的人
24．novel n.小说→ n.小说家
25．express n.特快列车；快递服务 v.表达；表示 adj.快速的，明确的→ n.表情；神色→
adj.富于表情的；有表现力的
26．motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机，原因，目的→ vt.使有动机，促动，激发，诱导；刺激；激
发……的积极性→ n.动机；动力；诱因
【答案】
15． large largely 16． misjudge judgement 17．identically 18．skinny
19． assumed assumption 20． psychological psychologically psychologist
21． frightful frighten frightened frightening 22． sensible senseless
sensitive 23． loyally loyalty loyalist 24．novelist 25． expression
expressive 26． motivate motivation
词性转换（三）
27．devote vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于→ adj. 忠实的；深爱的→ n．
把……献（给）；把……专用于；奉献；忠诚
28．convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→ adj. 令人信服的→ adj. 坚信不疑的
29．assume v. 假定；假设；认为→ n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担； （权利的）获得
30．consume v. 消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等）→ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费
31．real adj. 真实的→ v. 实现→ n. 现实；实际情况；事实
32．salt n. 盐→ adj. 含盐的；咸的
33．nutrition n. 营养；滋养→ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→ adj. 营养（物）的
34．deep adj. 深的→ vt. 加深→ n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）
35．entire adj. 全部的，完全的→ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地
36．chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→ n. 化学
37．extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
【答案】
27． devoted devotion 28． convincing convinced 29．assumption 30．
consumption 31． realise/realize reality 32．salty 33． nutritious nutritional
34． deepen depth 35．entirely 36．chemistry 37．extension词性转换（四）
38． vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→ adj. 确信的→
adj. 令人信服的
39． vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→ adj. 挚爱的；
忠诚的→ n. 热爱；献身；专心；忠诚
40． n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→ v. 消耗；耗费→
n. 消费者
41． n. 现实；实际情况；事实→ adj. 真的；现实的→
adv. 真正地；事实上
42． adj. 含盐的；咸的→salt n. 食盐
43． n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→ v. 假定；
假设
44． vt.&vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)→ n. 扩大；
膨胀
45． n. 不足；缺少；短缺→ adj. 短的；缺乏的；不足的→
v. (使)变短；缩短
46． adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→ adj. 完全的；完整的
47． n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ v. 使延长；扩大
48． n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ adj. 深的；纵深的→
adv. 非常；深刻地
49． n. 贫穷；贫困→ adj. 贫穷的→ adv. 糟
糕地；不适
50． adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→ n. 化
学→ n. 化学家；药剂师
51． n. 营养；滋养→ adj. 营养(物)的→ adj.
有营养的；营养丰富的
52． adj. 传统的；习惯的→ n. 惯例；习俗
【答案】
38． convince convinced convincing 39． devote devoted devotion
40． consumption consume consumer 41． reality real really 42．salty
43． assumption assume 44． expand expansion 45． shortage shortshorten 46． entirely entire 47． extension extend 48． depth deep
deeply 49． poverty poor poorly 50． chemical chemistry chemist
51． nutrition nutritional nutritious 52． conventional convention
完成句子
53．The new text (由……组成) three parts is hard to recite.
【答案】composed of/comprised of/consisting of
【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：这篇由三部分组成的文章很难背诵。“由……组成”可表达为be
composed of/be comprised of，此处省略be用过去分词作后置定语；“由……组成”也可用consist of表达，
该短语无被动，用现在分词作后置定语。故填composed of/comprised of/consisting of。
54．Increasing production costs will, (相应地，转而), lead to higher prices.
【答案】 in turn
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：生产成本的增加将反过来导致价格的上涨。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此
处为介词短语in turn，故填①in；②turn。
55． (我注意到的事) when I played with it was that I would sneeze a lot and my arms
became red.
【答案】What I noticed
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。句意：当我玩它的时候，我注意到我会经常打喷嚏，我的手臂也会变红。
分析句子结构，空处在句中作主语，应为what引导的主语从句。从句主语“我”可表示为I，“注意到”
可表示为notice，what在从句中作宾语。根据句中的played和句意，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般
过去时。故填What I noticed。
56．Maybe I can (说服你和我来)next year.
【答案】convince you to come with me
【详解】考查短语和动词。句意：也许我能说服你明年一起来。表示“说服某人做某事”用短语convince
sb. to do sth.；表示“跟我来”用短语come with me，跟在动词不定式to后，空前为情态动词，所以空处用
动词原形开头，根据汉语，故答案为：convince you to come with me。
57．My choice (基于假设) that house price would remain steady.
【答案】was based on the assumption
【详解】考查时态和名词做宾语。句意：我的选择是基于房价将保持稳定的假设。结合提示词及would判
断主句用一般过去时，故用was based on(基于)。 assumption(假设)做介词on的宾语。故答案为was based
on the assumption。
58．The high cost prohibits (……的广泛应用)the drug.【答案】the widespread use of
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：昂贵的价格阻止了这种药物的广泛使用。分析句子，句中使用名词短语作
宾语。根据汉语提示，表示“广泛的”用widespread；表示“……的广泛应用”用the widespread use of；
故填the widespread use of。
翻译
59．人们普遍认为，化学产品是农民的重要工具
【答案】It is commonly acknowledged that chemicals are an important tool for farmers.
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句意可知，本句时态可用一般现在时来表示经常性情况；表示“人们普遍认
为”可用固定句型It is commonly acknowledged that，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句；表示
“化学产品”可用名词chemical作that从句中的主语，此处chemical是可数名词，根据句意应该用复数形
式；表示“是农民的重要工具”可用短语be an important tool for farmers，且be动词用are。故翻译为It is
commonly acknowledged that chemicals are an important tool for farmers.
60．令我们无比感动的是, 尽管道路险阻, 警察们最终成功营救了困在雪地的游客们。(despite)
【答案】What made us moved/touched a lot was that the police finally managed to rescue the tourists trapped in
the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road.
【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和时态。本句在陈述过去的事实，为一般过去时。令我们无比感动的是
翻译为主语从句What made us moved/touched a lot ，系动词为was后接表语从句，从句句意和句子完整，
连接词为that。表语从句的主语为 the police，manage to do sth“设法做某事”，营救了困在雪地的游客们翻
译为“rescue the tourists trapped in the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road”，其中过去分词作
后置定语。故翻译为：What made us moved/touched a lot was that the police finally managed to rescue the
tourists trapped in the snow despite the dangerous and difficult / rough road.
61．教师致力于培养孩子的创新能力, 这是教书育人的重要使命之一。(which)
【答案】Teachers are devoted/committed to cultivating children’s innovative ability, which is one of the important
missions/tasks of teaching and educating people.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，致力于做某事为“be devoted/committed
to doing sth.”。培养孩子的创新能力为“cultivate children’s innovative ability”,“这”指代的前文的整个句子，
用which引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句为主系表结构，是教书育人的重要使命之一为“ is one of the
important missions/tasks of teaching and educating people.”。故翻译为：Teachers are devoted/committed tocultivating children’s innovative ability, which is one of the important missions/tasks of teaching and educating
people.
62．令校长开心的是，自推行新教材以来，越来越多的学生对地理表现出兴趣。(introduce)
【答案】What delights the headmaster is that more and more students have shown/ expressed (an) interest in
geography since the new textbooks were introduced.
【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和时态语态。用指物的连接代词what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，
表示“令……高兴”应用动词delight，后跟the headmaster作宾语，为一般现在时；系动词is后跟that引导
的表语从句，表示“越来越多的学生”为more and more students；表示“对地理表现出兴趣”翻译为show/
express (an) interest in geography，为现在完成时；表示“自从”应用since引导时间状语从句，主语为the
new textbooks；表示“推行”可用动词introduce，为一般过去时的被动语态。故翻译为What delights the
headmaster is that more and more students have shown/ expressed (an) interest in geography since the new
textbooks were introduced.
63．谁能快速获得并准确分析目标客户的数据，谁就比对手有竞争优势，掌握先机，迅速脱颖而出。
(Whoever)
【答案】Whoever is able to get the data of the target customers quickly and analyze them accurately will gain a
competitive advantage/edge over his rivals, seize/have the initiative and stand out rapidly.
【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语、时态。“whoever”表示“无论谁”，引导主语从句，“能够快速获
得”翻译为“be able to get sth. quickly”，因主语从句表示的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时，whoever作
主语，be动词使用is；“目标客户的数据”翻译为“the data of the target customers”；“准确分析”翻译为
“analyze sth. accurately”；“有竞争优势”翻译为“gain a competitive advantage/edge”，主句表示的是指向
将来的动作，使用一般将来时，即will gain，“比……有优势”用“over”；“掌握先机”翻译为
“seize/have the initiative”；“脱颖而出”翻译为“stand out”；“迅速”使用副词rapidly作状语。故整句话
翻译为 Whoever is able to get the data of the target customers quickly and analyze them accurately will gain a
competitive advantage/edge over his rivals, seize/have the initiative and stand out rapidly。
64．你们公司有必要开始认真开拓市场了。(essential; get down)
【答案】It is essential that your company (should) get down to expanding the market.
【详解】考查形容词和动词短语。句子陈述现在的事实和状态，应用一般现在时，“有必要”essential，
这句话应用It is essential that...的句型，用来表达“……是非常必要的”，其中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that引导的从句，这个从句应用虚拟语气，即should加动词原形，should可省略，该句型位于句首，首
字母大写，从句主语“你们公司”your company，从句谓语“开始认真做某事”get down to doing
something，“开拓市场”expand the market作to的宾语，应用动名词形式。故翻译为It is essential that your
company (should) get down to expanding the market.
65．无论他有多么不愿意承认，凌乱的生活环境是他们家庭矛盾的根源。（however）
【答案】However much he hates to admit it, the messy living conditions is the root cause of their family conflicts.
【详解】考查状语从句，时态和短语。“无论他有多么不愿意承认”是状语，结合提示词用However引导
让步状语从句，However修饰状语much，“不愿意承认”可译为hate to admit it，根据语境用一般现在时，
主句主语“凌乱的生活环境”译为the messy living conditions，“他们家庭矛盾”译为their family
conflicts，“……的根源”译为the root of，结合主谓一致，故译为However much he hates to admit it, the
messy living conditions is the root cause of their family conflicts.
66．钱学森与大多数工程师不同之处在于他不断地渴望创新和实验。(使用主语从句翻译)
【答案】What sets Qian Xuesen apart from most engineers is his constant desire to innovate and experiment.
【详解】考查主语从句、动词短语、形容词和名词。根据句意，该句描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现
在时，表示“使……不同于……”应为set…apart from…，根据提示，表示“钱学森与大多数工程师不同
之处”应为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用连接代词what引导主语从句作主语，位于句首，what
的首字母需大写，谓语动词应为sets，“钱学森”应为Qian Xuesen作sets的宾语，“大多数工程师”应为
most engineers作from的宾语，所以主语从句应译为What sets Qian Xuesen apart from most engineers；表示
“在于”为be动词，主语从句作主语，且用于一般现在时，所以谓语动词为is，表示“不断的”应为
constant作定语修饰名词“渴望”，“渴望”应为名词desire，表示“创新和实验”应为innovate and
experiment作定语修饰名词desire，根据desire to do可知，此处应使用动词不定式形式。故翻译为What
sets Qian Xuesen apart from most engineers is his constant desire to innovate and experiment.
阅读理解
Why do farmers grow crops outside in fields when we can arrange them vertically (垂直地)? The idea of
vertical farming was first proposed in 1999. It was seen as a way to save space, reduce air miles and transform old
and abandoned buildings, like warehouses. In 2021, Fortune Business Insights valued the global vertical farming
market at 3.47 billion dollars. Now, however, this industry is under threat, partly due to rising energy costs.
According to the magazine Science Focus, vertical farming gives ten times the yield (产量) of conventionaloutdoor farming. However, in order for crops to grow using this method, plants are placed in a controlled
environment, grown not under the Sun, but under LED lights and watered with recycled water pumped on a closed-
loop system (闭环系统).
Unfortunately, energy prices have risen across the globe. Therefore, this reliance on electricity has meant the
last few years have not been easy for the industry. Cindy van Rijswick, from the Dutch research firm
RaboResearch, has estimated that operational costs for a vertical farm are around 15% higher now compared to 18
months ago. Infarm, Europe’s largest vertical farming company, made around500 employees redundant (被裁员的)
in November 2022 because they needed to downsize. They blamed higher operating costs due to energy increases
as one reason for the layoffs.
Another issue related to the cost-of -living crisis and affecting vertical farming is the type of produce grown.
This includes herbs such as basil, as well as salad leaves and leafy greens. Compared to traditionally farmed plants,
like onions and carrots, these products tend to be more expensive, which could lead to reduced demand as
consumers become more cautious about their spending.
So, it seems that a future with food grown under LED lights is looking less and less bright.
67．What is the feature of vertical farming?
A．Saving urban land and achieving zero emissions.
B．Demanding highly technical and complex control.
C．High energy consumption and low output value.
D．Making full use of sunlight and water resources.
68．How does the author develop his idea in Paragraph 3?
A．By making assumptions.
B．By criticizing a typical behaviour.
C．By listing specific data and facts.
D．By referring to a social phenomenon.
69．What can we infer from the text?
A．Vertical farming avoids climate and disaster impacts.
B．Vertical farming costs jumped due to higher energy prices.
C．Vertical farming grows high-value, cost-effective produce.
D．High yield protects vertical farming from market competition.
70．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Is This the End of Vertical Farming? B．Is Vertical Farming Highly Efficient?C．Challenges Industrial Agriculture Faces D．New Trends in Vertical Agriculture
【答案】67．B 68．C 69．B 70．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕垂直农业这一新兴农业形式进行了深入的探讨，介绍了其背景、
特点、市场价值，以及当前面临的挑战，特别是能源成本上升对其造成的影响。
67．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, in order for crops to grow using this method, plants are placed in a
controlled environment, grown not under the Sun, but under LED lights and watered with recycled water pumped
on a closed-loop system ( 闭环系统 ).(然而，为了用这种方法种植作物，植物被放置在一个受控的环
境中，不是在阳光下生长，而是在LED灯下生长，并用闭环系统泵送的循环水浇灌。)”可知，垂直农业点
要求高技术和复杂的控制。故选B项。
68．推理判断题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, energy prices have risen across the globe. Therefore, this reliance
on electricity has meant the last few years have not been easy for the industry. Cindy van Rijswick, from the Dutch
research firm RaboResearch, has estimated that operational costs for a vertical farm are around 15% higher now
compared to 18 months ago. Infarm, Europe’s largest vertical farming company, made around500 employees
redundant (被裁员的) in November 2022 because they needed to downsize. They blamed higher operating costs
due to energy increases as one reason for the layoffs.(不幸的是，全球能源价格都在上涨。因此，对电力的依
赖意味着过去几年对该行业来说并不容易。荷兰研究公司RaboResearch的辛迪·范·瑞斯维克(Cindy van
Rijswick)估计，与18个月前相比，垂直农场的运营成本现在高出了15%左右。欧洲最大的垂直农业公司
Infarm在2022年11月裁员约500人，因为他们需要缩小规模。他们认为，能源价格上涨导致的运营成本
上升是裁员的原因之一)”可推知，本段主要通过列举具体的数据和事实来阐述作者的观点，比如全球能源
价格上涨，以及Infarm公司裁员等实际情况，从而说明垂直农业面临的挑战。故选C项。
69．推理判断题。根据第三段“Unfortunately, energy prices have risen across the globe. Therefore, this reliance
on electricity has meant the last few years have not been easy for the industry. Cindy van Rijswick, from the Dutch
research firm RaboResearch, has estimated that operational costs for a vertical farm are around 15% higher now
compared to 18 months ago. Infarm, Europe’s largest vertical farming company, made around500 employees
redundant (被裁员的) in November 2022 because they needed to downsize. They blamed higher operating costs
due to energy increases as one reason for the layoffs.(不幸的是，全球能源价格都在上涨。因此，对电力的依
赖意味着过去几年对该行业来说并不容易。荷兰研究公司RaboResearch的辛迪·范·瑞斯维克(Cindy van
Rijswick)估计，与18个月前相比，垂直农场的运营成本现在高出了15%左右。欧洲最大的垂直农业公司
Infarm在2022年11月裁员约500人，因为他们需要缩小规模。他们认为，能源价格上涨导致的运营成本
上升是裁员的原因之一)”可知，全球能源价格上涨，这导致垂直农业成本大幅增加，同时指出Infarm公司因为运营成本上升而进行裁员。故选B项。
70．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do farmers grow crops outside in fields when we can arrange them
vertically (垂直地)? The idea of vertical farming was first proposed in 1999. It was seen as a way to save space,
reduce air miles and transform old and abandoned buildings, like warehouses. In 2021, Fortune Business Insights
valued the global vertical farming market at 3．47 billion dollars. Now, however, this industry is under threat,
partly due to rising energy costs.(既然可以垂直种植，为什么农民还要在室外种植呢?垂直农业的想法最早是
在1999年提出的。它被视为一种节省空间、减少飞行里程、改造仓库等旧建筑和废弃建筑的方法。2021
年，《财富商业洞察》对全球垂直农业市场的估值为34.7亿美元。然而，现在这个行业正面临威胁，部分
原因是能源成本上升)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要讨论了垂直农业面临的挑战和困境，特别是能源成本
上升对垂直农业的影响，以及消费者对高成本产品的谨慎态度。由此可知，A项“Is This the End of Vertical
Farming?(这是垂直农业的终结吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
七选五
Einstein’s Opinions on Creative Thinking
“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur
pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. 71 “All great achievements of
science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
72 Surprisingly, it wasn’t the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something
was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of
logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. 73 That’s why he
said that great scientists were also artists.
74 “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music
and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection
between time and space, which both combine spatial (空间的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity
occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition,” said Einstein. “My parents had me
study the violin from the time I was six. 75 ”
A．But how did art differ from science for Einstein?
B．Instead, it came from intrusion (直觉) and inspiration.
C．My new discovery is the result of musical insight.
D．There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.E．Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.
F．Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.
G．For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements.
【答案】71．B 72．A 73．E 74．F 75．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦关于创造性思维的观点。
71．上文“For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. (对爱因斯坦来说，洞察力并非来自逻
辑或数学)”并结合后文““All great achievements of science must start from intuitive (直觉的) knowledge.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.”(“一切伟大的科学成就都必须从直觉知识开始。想象力比知识
更重要。”)”可知，空处顺接前文，说明爱因斯坦认为洞察力应来自于直觉。B项“相反，它来自直觉和
灵感。”符合语境。故选B。
72．下文“Surprisingly, it wasn’t the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art
or science, but how the idea was expressed. (令人惊讶的是，决定某件事是艺术还是科学的不是一个想法的内
容或主题，而是这个想法是如何表达的)”说明决定某件事是艺术还是科学是根据想法是如何表达的。空处
引出了下文关于艺术和科学的区别的论述。A项中“art differ from science”和下文的“whether something
was art or science”相呼应，而A项的这个问题“但对爱因斯坦来说，艺术和科学有何不同？”正好引出本
段的主题。故选A。
73．上文“If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is
communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art.(如果所看到和经历的是用逻辑的语言描述的，那么这就
是科学。如果它被直观地传达和识别，那么它就是艺术)”说明艺术和科学的不同。空处顺接上文，和下文
形成因果关系。E项中的“worked intuitively and expressed himself logically” 和上文“看到和经历的是用逻
辑的语言描述的就是科学，它被直观地传达和识别，那么它就是艺术”相呼应，表明爱因斯坦本人凭直觉
工作，用逻辑表达自己，也是下文他被称为伟大的科学家也是艺术家的原因。故选E。
74．下文““If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I
see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.”(“如果我不是一名物理学家，”他曾说，“我
可能会成为一名音乐家。我经常在音乐中思考，我从音乐中看待我的生活。我的生活中最快乐的部分来自
音乐。”)”说明音乐对爱因斯坦帮助很大。F项“爱因斯坦的科学洞察力和直觉主要归功于音乐。”适合
做本段的主旨句。故选F。
75．上文““The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this
intuition,” said Einstein. (爱因斯坦说：“相对论是我凭直觉产生的，音乐是这种直觉背后的驱动力。”)”说
明音乐对他的工作产生的积极影响。空处承接上文，说明了爱因斯坦是靠音乐才有了新发现，而且和本段音乐对他的帮助的主题相符合。C项“我的新发现是音乐洞察力的结果。”符合语境。故选C。
完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good
observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 76 on obvious
facts, and therefore 77 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 78
and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 79 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,
the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 80 that we
should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 81 many
important truths.
However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France,
Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 82 could be discovered by observation.
Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 83 towards the earth than small ones,
because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 84
stones, proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 85 of going directly to nature, and proving our 86
and theories by experiment, that has 87 all the discoveries of modern science.
What 88 those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we can see 89 that
successful scientists are those whose observations have 90 better results.
76．A．dependent B．based C．insisted D．centered
77．A．refuses B．desires C．intends D．regrets
78．A．casually B．carefully C．quickly D．privately
79．A．look B．keep C．date D．turn
80．A．command B．suspect C．predict D．conclude
81．A．brought B．recorded C．discovered D．announced
82．A．truths B．problems C．investigations D．subjects
83．A．slowly B．rapidly C．lightly D．heavily
84．A．big B．small C．similar D．unequal
85．A．spirit B．skill C．theory D．wish
86．A．plans B．opinions C．world D．ability
87．A．led to B．came with C．set up D．put forward
88．A．promises B．prevents C．considers D．makes89．A．likely B．clearly C．naturally D．unwillingly
90．A．foreseen B．rejected C．produced D．challenged
【答案】
76．B 77．A 78．B 79．C 80．D 81．C 82．A 83．B 84．D 85．A
86．B 87．A 88．D 89．B 90．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点：科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能
盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.
dependent依靠的；B. based以……为基础，基于；C. insisted坚持；D. centered 集中。根据“He makes full
use of the facts he observes”可知，他利用观察到的事实，所以不接受没有事实根据的想法，“be based on”
固定短语，“以……为基础”。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.
refuses拒绝；B. desires渴望；C. intends打算；D. regrets后悔。根据本句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are
not 1 on obvious facts”可知，前后为因果关系，不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受权威是唯一
的真相。故选A。
78．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细检查想法，并进行实验来证明它们。A. casually随便地；B.
carefully仔细地；C. quickly迅速地；D. privately私下地。根据“He always checks ideas”和下文“and makes
experiments to prove them”可知，此处介绍好的科学家的品质，故应为仔细检查想法。故选B。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起或许可以认为可以追溯到罗杰·培根时代，牛津杰出的哲学
家。A. look看；B. keep保留，维持；C. date约定，定日期；D.turn转变。根据下文的“He was probably
the first person in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the
things around us”可知，罗杰·培根是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学，
因此现代科学的兴起可能是追溯到他的时期。“date back to”固定短语，“追溯到”。故选C。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来
学习科学，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. predict预测；D.
conclude推断出。根据空后的宾语从句“that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the
things around us”可知，推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来学习科学。故选D。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个推断出我们应该通过观察和实验我们周围的事物来
学习科学，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. brought带来；B. recorded记录；C. discovered发现；D.
announced宣布。根据空后宾语“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故选C。82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，伽利略，生活在300多年以后，是意大利，法国，德国和英国，几
个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个，开始说明，通过观察，可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。A. truths事实；真
理；B. problems问题；C. investigations调查；D. subjects主题。根据空后“could be discovered by
observation”以及上文“many important truths”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。故选A。
83．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体下落得更快，因为亚里士
多德是这么说的。A. slowly慢慢地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. lightly轻轻地；D. heavily重地。根据下文
“proving Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知，本句介绍一个亚里士多德曾说的错误观点：大的物体比小的
物体下落得更快。故选B。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端，让两块不相等的石头掉下来，证明亚里
士多德是错的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不均等的。根据“proved
Aristotle was wrong”以及常识可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现
代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技能；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。根据“But Galileo, going to
the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 1 0 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. ”可知，这是科学
精神的具体表现。故选A。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现
代科学的所有发现。A. plans计划；B. opinions观点；C. world世界；D. ability能力。根据空后“and
theories by experiment”可知，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故选B。
87．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是伽利略直面自然的精神，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论，导致了现
代科学的所有发现。A. led to导致；B. came with随同；C. set up建立；D. put forward提出。根据本句
“proving our 1 1 and theories by experiment”可知，正是伽利略的用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精
神使得现代科学能有所发现。故选A。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家？A. promises承诺；B. prevents阻止；
C. considers考虑；D. makes成为。根据上文“Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?”
可知，是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家。故选D。
89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们可以看到，成功的科学家是那些观察得出更好结
果的人。A. likely可能；B. clearly清楚地；C. naturally自然地；D. unwillingly不愿意地。根据上文“It is
Galileo’s 1 0 of going directly to nature, and proving our 1 1 and theories by experiment”可知，成功的科
学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人，这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地知道。故选B。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们可以看到，成功的科学家是那些观察得出更好结果的人。A. foreseen预见；B. rejected拒绝；C. produced生产；D. challenged 挑战。根据空后宾语“better
results”可知，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选C。
单句语法填空
91．It is clarified that there are still a large number of people facing (poor) in the area.
【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：明确指出，该地区仍有大量贫困人口。空格处位于动词之后，因此需要填入名
词，poor的名词为“poverty”为不可数名词。故填poverty。
92． we need are your two New Year’s (resolve).
【答案】 What resolutions
【详解】考查主语从句和名词。句意：我们需要的是你的两个新年决心。第一空，空处引导主语从句，并
在从句里作宾语，故用what表示“什么”，位于句首首字母大写；第二空，空处应用名词resolution“决
心”在句中作表语，由two可知，应用复数形式。故填①What；②resolutions。
93．The company has made some (assume) about the market.
【答案】assumptions
【详解】考查名词。句意：公司对市场做出了一些假设。此处应用名词assumption作宾语，由some可知，
应用复数，故填assumptions。
94．The hockey team (comprise) twelve members won the final last night.
【答案】comprising
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：由12人组成的曲棍球队昨晚赢得了决赛。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非
谓语动词作定语修饰名词The hockey team，comprise意为“由……组成”与所修饰词The hockey team之间
为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作定语。故填comprising。
95．As the educator puts it, (expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
【答案】expanding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如教育家所说，通过多读书来扩大知识是一个明智的选择。根据句中
谓语动词“is”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作主语，表示一般行为，应用动名词形式。故填expanding。
96．On the that I am chosen as the chairman, I will definitely relevant responsibility.
(assume)
【答案】 assumption assume
【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：如果我被选为主席，我一定会承担相关责任。空1作介词on的宾语，on
the assumption that意为“在假设……的情况下，假设”，为固定短语；空2放在will后用动词原形，构成
一般将来时，第二空填动词assume，意为“承担（责任）”。故填①assumption；②assume。97． all his life to educating his students, the old teacher was admired for his to
the education cause. (devote)
【答案】 Devoting devoted devotion
【详解】考查现在分词、形容词和名词。句意：这位老教师毕生致力于教育他挚爱的学生，因其对教育事
业的奉献而受到人们的钦佩。第一个空：devote和the old teacher为主动关系，需填入现在分词作状语；第
二个空：需填入形容词作定语修饰students，需要的词义为“挚爱的”，即devoted；第三个空：需填名词
作宾语，表示“奉献”，即devotion，它是不可数名词。故填①Devoting；②devoted；③devotion。
98．Traditional economic analysis is premised on the (assume) that more is better.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：传统的经济分析是以越多越好的假设为前提的。根据句意及英文提示可知，此
处使用名词assumption“假设”，作on的宾语。故填assumption。
99．So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the
culture and value of the Yellow River (boost) the high-quality development of the region.
【答案】to boost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值
方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。分析句子结构可知boost在句中作目的状语，应用不
定式。故填to boost。
100．The power (short) had made him realize how much electricity is wasted and that we need to save
power in general.
【答案】shortage
【详解】考查名词。句意：电力短缺使他意识到有多少电被浪费了，我们一般都需要节约用电。根据句意
及英文提示可知，此处使用名词shortage，power shortage“电力短缺”，为固定短语，作主语。故填
shortage。
101．He is a man who (devote) himself to his career.
【答案】devotes
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他是一个献身于事业的人。分析句子，设空处使用动词作who引导定语从
句的谓语动词，根据前文的is可知，此处应该使用一般现在时。主语为who修饰先行词a man为第三人称
单数。故填devotes。
102． (devote) considerable efforts to providing tourists with a better travel experience, Harbin has
become an attractive tourism destination.
【答案】Devoting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨致力于为游客提供更好的旅游体验，已成为一个有吸引力的旅游
目的地。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has become，所以devote用非谓语形式作状语，和逻辑主
语Harbin之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Devoting。
103．He is suffering from a heart disease and he was advised to reduce his alcohol (consume).
【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：他患有心脏病，有人建议他减少饮酒。空处应用名词，作reduce的宾语。
consumption意为“消耗，消耗量”，为不可数名词。alcohol consumption表示“饮酒量”。故填
consumption。
104．The soup is not sufficiently (salt)for the girl to drink.
【答案】salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤不够咸，女孩喝不下。空处应用形容词，作表语。salty意为“咸的”。故
填salty。
105．How terrible! The beef is too (salt) to eat.
【答案】salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意：真可恶！这牛肉太咸了，不能吃。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；
salty为形容词，意为“咸的”，符合句意。故填salty。
语篇填空
“Planting 200 acres of rice in two hours, I didn’t dare to dream of such efficiency in the past,” Xie Feilong, a
farmer from Liuyuan town of Aksu Prefecture (地区) of Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,
expressed 106 (he) gratitude for the use of drones (无人机) to plant rice this year.
Xie’s family has planted over 3,000 acres of rice. In previous years, during the rice planting season, the
whole family and several dozen workers would walk into the 107 (ice) rice fields to plant seeds. “Last year,
some people in the village 108 (use) drones to plant rice. I was hesitant because I wasn’t sure whether it
would work well, so I didn’t dare to try it. As it turned out, the rice 109 (plant) with drones by others was
evenly distributed and at the right density (密度), 110 saved time, effort and money. This year, I also
employed drones for planting, removing the need for the whole family 111 (work) in the cold water,” Xie
said.
On April 22, 2024, 14,000 acres of rice in 112 town Xie comes from were all planted using drones,
achieving mechanized planting. It’s expected that this year’s rice output will range from 700 113 900
kilograms per acre, 114 (generate) income of around 700 to 1,000 yuan per acre.
In 2024, Aksu Prefecture plans to plant 100,000 acres of rice. The prefecture has greatly promoted the use ofnew technologies and equipment in agriculture, innovated service models and 115 (active) promoted
services such as drone planting and pest control.
【答案】
106．his 107．icy 108．used 109．planted 110．which 111．to work 112．the
113．to 114．generating 115．actively
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。中国西北部新疆维吾尔族自治区阿克苏地区柳原镇的农民谢飞龙对今年使用
无人机种植水稻表示感谢，对如此的高效率表示了赞叹。文章对此进行了详细报道。
106．考查代词。句意：中国西北部新疆维吾尔族自治区阿克苏地区柳原镇的农民谢飞龙对今年使用无人
机种植水稻表示感谢，他说：“两小时种植200英亩水稻，过去我不敢梦想这样的效率。”修饰名词
gratitude，应用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。
107．考查形容词。句意：往年，在水稻播种季节，全家和几十名工人都会走进冰冷的稻田播种。修饰名
词fields ，作定语，应用形容词icy表示“冰冷的”。故填icy。
108．考查动词时态。句意：去年，村里的一些人使用无人机种植水稻。根据last year可知，此处应用一般
过去时。故填used。
109．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实证明，其他人用无人机种植的水稻分布均匀，密度合适，节省了时间、
精力和金钱。动词plant意为“种植”，和系动词之间没有连词，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应
用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填planted。
110．考查定语从句。句意：事实证明，其他人用无人机种植的水稻分布均匀，密度合适，节省了时间、
精力和金钱。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且关系词指代前文整句话，应用关系代词which引导。故填
which。
111．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，我还使用了无人机来种植，这样全家人就不用在冷水中工作了。the
need to do意为“做某事的需要”，此处应用to do不定式，作后置定语。动词work意为“工作”。故填to
work。
112．考查冠词。句意：2024年4月22日，谢所在的城镇14000亩水稻全部采用无人机种植，实现了机械
化种植。根据“Xie comes from”可知，此处特指谢所在的城镇，应用定冠词the。故填the。
113．考查介词。句意：预计今年的水稻产量将在每英亩700到900公斤之间，每英亩的收入约为700到
1000元。固定搭配from..to...意为“从……到……”，此处应用介词to。故填to。
114．考查非谓语动词。句意：预计今年的水稻产量将在每英亩700到900公斤之间，每英亩的收入约为
700到1000元。动词generate意为“产生”，和谓语之间没有连词，且表示一种自然产生的结果，应用现
在分词，作结果状语。故填generating。115．考查副词。句意：大力推广农业新技术、新设备应用，创新服务模式，积极推广无人机种植、病虫
害防治等服务。此处修饰动词promoted，应用副词actively表示“积极地”，作状语。故填actively。
应用文写作
假如你是李华，收到好友John 的邮件。John希望你介绍他所敬佩的著名中国科学家钱学森。请你给他回
一封电子邮件告知。
主要内容包括：
(1)他的主要经历；
(2)他的伟大成就；
(3)他的个人品质；
注意：(1)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(2)词数80左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear John,
Learning that you hope to know something about Qian Xuesen, I’m honored to write to you here.
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing, then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University
and switched his major to aviation. During the 1930s and 1940s, he went to the US for further studies. At last, he
returned to China in 1955, suffering from some difficulties in the US. Under his leadership, China developed the
Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite, worth its name of “the father of China’s aerospace.”
Such is Qian Xuesen, a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man who was patriotic and served his homeland
with efforts, achievements, and devotions.
【导语】这是一封介绍信，要求考生以李华的身份，向好友John介绍他所敬佩的著名中国科学家钱学森。
【详解】词汇积累
主要经历：main experiences → significant life events
领导：leadership→ guidance
伟大成就：great achievements → monumental accomplishments
个人品质：personal qualities → character traits
句式拓展同义句改写
原句：At last, he returned to China in 1955, suffering from some difficulties in the US.
拓展句：Ultimately, he made his way back to China in 1955, amidst a series of hardships encountered during his
sojourn in the United States.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Learning that you hope to know something about Qian Xuesen, I’m honored to write to
you here.（使用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型 2】Such is Qian Xuesen, a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man who was patriotic and served his
homeland with efforts, achievements, and devotions.（使用了 such that句型和以man为先行词、关系代词who
为引导词的定语从句）
