高中英语语法详解（讲义）chapter 14 There be句型
■一、概说
■二、There be句型和have表示“有”的意义的区别
■三、There be句型的种类
■四、There be句型的谓语形式
■五、“There is no…”的四种常用固定结构
■六、There be句型的后置定语
■七、There be句型中关系代词的省略
■八、There be句型的非限定动词形式
一、概说
英语中有一种 There be 的特殊句型，用得很广泛。这种句型用引
导词there引出，作句中形式主语，无词义、不重读；其后谓语是实
义动词 be的各种形式，be相当于 exist; be 之后的真正主语通常是表
示不确定的人或事物等名词、代词及其短语；真正主语之后往往是
表示地点或时间的状语。这种句子表示“某地或某时存在某事物或
某人”的意思，所以又称存在句。句型是：There be＋真正主语＋地
点或时间状语。例如：
There is history in all men's lives.（Shakespeare）所有人的生活都
有一部历史。
There was too much noise inside.（William Sayres）里面实在太吵
了。There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church.（L.Hughes）在
我的里德婶婶的教堂里举行了一次宗教振兴大会。
Behind every successful man there is a lot of unsuccessful years.
（Bob Brown）每个成功者的后面，都有许多不成功的岁月。
In idleness there is perpetual despair.（T.Carlyle）懒惰包含永远的
失望。
有时，说话人仅仅只想叙述某事物或某人的存在，无意提及存在
的地点或时间；或者由于有了上下文，地点或时间已经明确了，不
需重提。这时，句中的地点或时间状语可以省略。例如：
There is no royal road to learning.（A.Trollope）学习没有平坦的大
道（学无捷径）。
There was no time, only space.没有时间，只有空间。
There was a performance of sorts, though he was not aware of it.这是
某种表演，只是他自己没有意识到。
There is no mistake so great as that of being always right.
（S.Butler）永远正确是最大的错误。
There be 句型中作真正主语的名词（词组）通常指不确定的事物
或人，因此名词前一般用 a/an, some, any, few, much, no 等词，而不
用定冠词、物主代词、指示代词等限定词。但是，有时当回答对方
提问要传递“某人某物的存在”的新信息时，或者表示“类别、强
调、举例”时，就可不受此限制，仍可用定冠词、物主代词、指示
代词等限定词表示特指。例如：“Is there anyone going to visit the museum?”“Yes, there are Brown
and Lindsay.”“有人去参观博物馆吗？”“是的，布朗和林赛去。”
There is the man who worries lest the sky fall.有这么一种人，他们
杞人忧天。
Let me see, there's you and me.让我想一想，有你和我。
It wasn't a big party, but there were Clara and George and their
daughters, John and Minnie, and the Baxters, too.（Ruth Suchow）这并
不是一个很大的宴会，但是克拉拉和乔治连同他们的女儿、约翰和
明妮以及巴克斯特夫妇都来了。
He went in hoping to see a churchman. There was only the burning
light.（Lafcadio Hearn）他走进去希望能看到一个牧师，但是里面只
有那盏正在燃烧的灯。
二、There be句型和have表示“有”的意义的区别
1．There be 表示“某处存在某物”，强调“存在”的客观事
实，有个空间关系，主语通常为事物。例如：
There were pictures of it outside the building on the sign.（Edwin
Corle）那幢建筑物外面的招牌上有它的画像。
Yes, there was the sleigh.（Ruth Suchow）不错，雪橇就在那儿。
There were 10 homes in Farley, a church and a small school.
（Gordon H.Soles）花蕾镇有十户人家、一座教堂和一所小学校。
There was much laughter when Keesh spoke of hunting.当基殊说到
打猎时，哄笑声更多了。There is only one happiness in life, to love and be loved.（George
Sand）生命中只有一件快乐的事：爱和被爱。
In war there is no substitute for victory.（MacArthur）战争中，胜
利没有替代品。
2．当表示所属关系，指“某人占有某物”，通常用 have，主语
多为“人”。例如：
They had many, many children and it was difficult to feed them good
food.（Lafcadio Hearn）他们有很多孩子，因此难以用好的食物养育
他们。
He had what is called "the genius of an artist".他具有所谓的“画家
的天赋”。
I have a house in the country.我在乡下有一幢房子。
How much money do you have?你有多少钱？
She has a good memory for names.她很会记住名字。
3．表示整体中的不可缺少的组成部分，要用have。例如：
The elephant has a long trunk.大象鼻子长。
He has an oval face.他是个瓜子脸。
She has charming eyes.她的眼睛很迷人。
The young girl has flowing long hair down to the shoulders.这少女留
有飘逸过肩的长发。
She had a beautiful, high voice.她有一个优美而尖锐的嗓子。
4．当主语是表示单位、机关、组织、地方或物件的名词时，have 和 There be 句型有时可以替换使用，但侧重点不同：强调主观
用have；强调客观存在用There be句型。例如：
The town has many large buildings.
There are many large buildings in the town.城里有许多高楼大厦。
This house has five rooms.
There are five rooms in this house.这间屋子有五个房间。
This book has no pictures in it.
There are no pictures in this book.这本书没有图画。
The company has two factories.
There are two factories in the company.这家公司有两间工厂。
5．有时两者交替使用，意义无甚差异。例如：
A week has seven days.（=There are seven days in a week.）一星期
有七天。
We've had a lot of rain lately.（=There has been a lot of rain lately.）
最近下了好多雨。
6．There be 句型有时可用来加强句子的语气，引起别人的注
意。例如：
Now, now there was hope.（Stephen Crane）现在，现在可有希望
了。
He had seen them.Now there was another man on the shore.他已经看
到他们了。你瞧，岸上又来了另外一个人。
There's a knock at the door. 你 听 ， 有 人 敲 门 呢 。 （ 比 较 ：Somebody is knocking at the door.有人在敲门。【语气比上句平
淡】 ）
三、There be句型的种类
There be句型有陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句之分。例如：
There are many different elements in nature.（陈述句）自然界有许
多不同的元素。
Are there many different elements in nature?（一般疑问句）【把陈
述句中的 be 的适当形式移至 there 之前，句末用疑问号，读时用
升调。】 自然界有许多不同的元素吗？
简略回答：Yes, there are.是的，有。
No, there are not.不，没有。
There are not any/no parks nearby.（否定式）【在陈述句中的 be
的适当形式之后加not any或no】 附近没有公园。
There is no friend so faithful as a good book.（Robert Frost）好书胜
好友。
How many people are there in your institute besides teachers?（特殊
疑问句）【疑问词＋一般疑问句】 除教师外，你们学院还有多少
人？
There was new life again in the earth, wasn't there?（附加疑问句）
大地又是一片新的生机，不是吗？
Let there be something to do.（祈使句）但愿有些事情做。
There's been an accident!（感叹句）出事了！四、There be句型的谓语形式
There be句型的谓语动词除be之外，尚有下列各种形式：
1．There be句型中的谓语动词be有各种时态。例如：
And there's a story about the day he visited Whistler in his studio.
（一般现在时）而这个故事讲述了他参观惠斯勒画室的当天的事。
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever
known; yet there was something whimsical about him.（一般过去时）
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是举世闻名的最伟大的科学家之一，他有一些无
从捉摸的古怪行为。
It is certain that there'll be trouble at the stock exchange.（一般将来
时）在股票交易所一定会遇到麻烦事情。
There has been much discussion about this problem.（现在完成时）
这个问题已经讨论很多了。
Where had there been two or three sea fights between them?（过去完
成时）他们之间到底在哪儿发生了两三次海战？
There had been a rumour that Claydon House was threatened to be
burnt.曾经谣传说，格雷敦大厦有被焚烧的危险。
2．There be句型中的某些及物动词可用被动语态。例如：
There was born another boy in the family.这个家庭又诞生了一个男
孩。
There was expected to be more difficulties.预料会有更多的困难。
There can be found some remains of the ship near the shore.离岸不远处可以找到这条船的一些残骸。
It is said that there have been discovered remains of some mummies
in a certain district.据说在某一地区已经发现了几具木乃伊的遗迹。
3．There be 句型中的谓语动词 be 可以和情态动词连用，表示
“可能、一定”。例如：
There may have been an accident.可能发生过一次事故。
There can be no other interpretations of his message.他发出的信息不
可能有别的解释。
There can be no economy where there is no efficiency.（B.Disraeli）
没有效率就不会有经济。
There must be something wrong.一定有什么毛病。
There might be an explosion when it is heated.加热时，可能会爆
炸。
4．There be 句型中可以和 be going to, be to, have to, ought to, used
to等连用。例如：
There isn't going to be any meeting tonight.今晚没有会议。
There used to be much rain there.那儿过去经常多雨。
There used to be a hotel here.过去这里有一个旅馆。
There is to be dancing in the streets on Christmas Day.圣诞节街上
会有跳舞的场面。
There ought to be a great demand for these goods.对这些货物应该有
很大的需求。As the play has been on for a week now, there ought to be enough
seats left for us all.剧目已经上演了一个星期，所以我们大家应该是都
有座位的。
There has to be a mistake.一定有误解。
5．There be 句型中谓语动词 be 可以和半助动词连用构成复合谓
语。这些半助动词常见的有（be）bound to be“必定是……”，
（be）certain to be“必然是……”，happen to be“碰巧……”，(be)
likely to be“像是……”等。例如：
There's likely to be a large audience.很可能有许多观众。
There happened to be a film show that night.那天晚上碰巧有电影。
There is sure to be a hotel somewhere.什么地方一定会有旅馆。
There's certain to be a trouble of the crossroad.在那十字路口肯定会
遇上麻烦。
There are certain to be planets like our own in other galaxies.在其他
银河系里一定有像我们这样的行星。
There are bound to be twists and turns on our way ahead.我们前进的
道路上一定有艰难曲折。
6．There be 句型中谓语动词除 be 之外，还可用其他一些表示
“存在、状态、发生或运动”等意义的不及物动词作谓语。这些动
词常见的有appear, arrive, belong, break, burn, burst out, continue, come
等。例如：
Five hundred years ago, there lived in China a great scholar.五百年前中国有位大学者。
There stood on the top of the hill a very big tree.山顶上有棵很大的
树。
There broke forth a blast of cheers from the crowd.从人群中突然爆
发出一阵欢呼声。
Then there came a knock at the door.接着响起了敲门声。
There remains one more test to be carried out.还有一项实验要进
行。
There followed an uncomfortable silence.接着是一阵令人难受的沉
默。
7．There be 句型中的谓语动词 be 应和它后面真正主语保持数的
一致：主语为复数，谓语动词须用复数；主语为单数，谓语动词须
用单数。如果有两个或两个以上主语，常和最接近它的那个主语保
持一致。例如：
Perhaps, that is why when Papa died, many years later, there was a
round spot on the top of his head where there was no hair. （ Fred
Gipson）也许这就是为什么爸爸几年后去世时，头顶上有一块圆形
的秃顶。
There were four men in a small open boat.（Stephen Crane）敞篷小
船里有四个人。
He had heard that there were many churchmen there.（L.Hearn）他
听说那儿有许多牧师。五、“There is no…”的四种常用固定结构
1．“There is no/not any+-ing”。此结构中的-ing 多半是由表示
“转述”、“知道”或“预料”等意义的动词变来。此结构相当于
“It is impossible+不定式”结构，意思是“不可能……”。例如：
There is no going to heaven in a sedan.从来没有坐轿上天堂的事。
There is no telling what will happen.未来之事无可奉告。
There was no judging when the story took place.很难判断这个故事
发生在什么时候。
2．“There is no＋名词+-ing”。此结构中的名词常是表示“利
弊、用途”或“价值、意义”等意思的抽象名词。多译作“……无
用”。例如：
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶泼掉了，哭也无用。
（覆水难收。）
There is no use discussing it once more.再讨论一次也没用。
There is no harm in asking him.不妨问问他。
There is no harm in doing that.那样做并无害处。
3．“There is no sense in…”。此结构含义为“没有理由，没有好
处”。例如：
There's no sense in electing him governor.没有理由选他为州长。
4．“There is no point in…”和“There is no need＋不定式”。这
两个结构含义为“没有必要”。例如：
There's no point in making a speech at the meeting.没有必要在会上讲话。
There is no point (in) doing so.这样做毫无意义。
六、There be句型的后置定语
句型是“There be+真正主语+后置定语”。后置定语是真正主语
的修饰语，它可以用形容词、分词、不定式或定语从句表示。例
如：
There is something important in what you have just said.（形容词）
你刚才说的话有些内容是重要的。
There is nothing permanent except change.任何事情没有一成不变
的。
There are a lot of beautiful butterflies flying around flowers in that
garden.（现在分词短语）许多美丽的蝴蝶围绕着那个花园里的鲜花
飞来飞去。
It was darker crossing through the woods.But there was still enough
light to see the path.（George Troy）穿过树林时，天色更暗了，但是
还可以看见小路。
Not far from Boston there was a small river which ran into the
Atlantic Ocean.（W.Irving）（定语从句）离波士顿不远，有一条流
入大西洋的小河。
But there were people who did not think so.（Edwin Corle）但是有
人并不这么想。
There are only two ways a man should get money.（P.L.Sandberg）一个人赚钱只有两个方法。
Adam said:"There are people who have less than we do.Let us be
happy with what we have."（Peter L.Sanberg）亚当说：“还有人比我
们更穷呢。让我们满足于我们现有的一切吧。”
七、There be句型中关系代词的省略
1．There be 句型用作主句，句中用作主语的名词后带定语从
句，从句中用作主语的关系代词可以省略。例如：
There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.【who 在定语从
句中用作主语，可以省略】 楼下有一个人想见你。
There was a hermit (who) kept from society all his life. （ Peter
L.Sanberg）曾经有一个隐士终生与世隔绝。
There is nothing (that) keeps upsetting us.没有什么事情打扰我们。
2．There be 句型用作定语时，there 之前用作从句主语的关系代
词也可省略。例如：
This is the only bus (that) there is to the hotel.【that在定语从句中作
主语常可省略】 这是去宾馆的唯一的公共汽车。
They want to make a better machine than any one (that) there has
been in our factory.他们想制造一台比我们工厂现有任何一台还要好
的机器。
八、There be句型的非限定动词形式
由 there 引导的非限定动词有两种形式：there to be 和 there
being。它们在句中可以用作主语、宾语和状语。1．用作主语。There to be 结构用作主语时，其前要用 for引导；
而 there being 结构可以直接作主语，不必用 for 引出，这时 being 是
动名词。例如：
For there not to be any moon-light this evening is very disinterested.
今晚没有月光真是非常扫兴。
It is possible for there to be a short circuit somewhere.什么地方可能
短路了。
There being a film is very moving.有部影片很感人。
There not being a question mark to the sentence is wrong.这个句子没
有问号是错误的。
2．用作宾语。
（1）作动词宾语。作及物动词宾语时，通常用 there to be结构。
常用的动词有 ask, consider, expect, hate, intend, like, mean, prefer,
want, wish等。例如：
We expect there to be nothing in this trial voyage.我们期望这次试航
中不会出什么事。
The young people consider there to be a great generation gap between
human beings.年轻人认为人与人之间存在很大的代沟。
（2）用作介词宾语。There to be 结构只能作介词 for的宾语；而
there being可以作除for以外的其他介词的宾语。例如：
They planned for there to be a family reunion.他们计划全家团聚一
次。She was waiting for there to be another opportunity.她在等待另一次
机会。
We were annoyed at there being so much time wasted.我们因为有那
么多时间被浪费而烦恼。
No one would have dreamed of there being such a place.谁做梦都没
想到会有那么一个地方。
She was relying on there being another opportunity.她指望还有另一
次机会。
Scott agree about there being no need for her own children to seek
jobs everywhere.斯科特同意没有必要为她自己的孩子到处去找工
作。
（3）用作状语。作状语时，通常用 there being 结构，表示原
因、条件等；这时整个 being 结构是现在分词独立结构。而 there to
be结构有时也可用状语，但其前必须加for。例如：
There being nothing else to do, they ran out of the workshop.因为没
有事情做，他们就跑出车间。
There being no taxis, we had to walk.由于没有出租汽车，我们只好
步行了。
It was too late for there to be any buses.太晚了，不会有公共汽车
了。
It is too early for there to be anybody up.时间太早，还不会有人起
来。
