专题02阅读理解七选五(教师版)-十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语试题研究-58页_英语(2)_专项复习_2025年_十年（2015-2024）2025高考英语真题英语专题细研究_资料

专题 02 阅读理解七选五
命题分析
高考全国卷阅读七选五题型十年前甚至更早就开始考，一只经久不衰，新高考也一直沿用这种题
型，可见此题型足以考查学生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之
间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析
理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型式高考一直非常受欢迎的一种题型。
以下是近十年（2015-2024）全国卷高考七选五实况分析：
设题位置
年份 卷别 体裁 词数 主题语境 话题
段首 段中 段尾
新高考全 夹叙夹 使用英语词典的经验、心
313 1 4 0 人与自我
国I卷 议文 得与乐趣
新高考全
国** 错
说明文 297 1 3 1 人与自然 如何避免“过度旅游”
误的表达
2024 式 **I卷
年
全国甲卷 说明文 313 1 3 1 人与自我 适度饮食
“刺猬”型思维方式和
北京卷 说明文 363 1 4 0 人与社会
“狐狸”型思维方式
浙江1月
说明文 330 1 4 0 人与社会 在线学习利弊
卷
2023 新高考全
说明文 321 0 4 1 人与自我 自我原谅
年 国I卷
新高考全
国** 错
说明文 310 1 3 1 人与社会 开始艺术之旅的建议
误的表达
式 **I卷
全国乙卷 说明文 335 0 3 2 人与自然 室内植物的好处
全国甲卷 说明文 287 1 3 1 人与自我 成为更有耐心的人的技巧
北京卷 说明文 255 1 3 1 人与社会 如何选择高校的建议
浙江1月 能使火车旅行更舒适的建
说明文 361 1 4 0 人与社会
卷 议
2022 全国甲卷 说明文 315 1 3 1 人与社会 一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情
全国乙卷 说明文 316 3 1 1 人与社会 五种维系异地友谊的方法
新高考全 如何找到一个一起锻炼的
说明文 332 0 4 1 人与社会
国I卷 伙伴
年 新高考全
国** 错
说明文 312 1 4 0 人与社会 介绍写文章的技巧
误的表达
式 **I卷
浙江卷1 既可以充分利用时间又可
说明文 309 2 2 1 人与社会
月 以快乐放松的有效建议
通过衣物交换来处理旧衣
全国甲卷 记叙文 257 1 4 0 人与社会
服的方法
晚宴上让自己表现得有趣
全国乙卷 说明文 252 1 2 2 人与社会
的一些方法
新高考I 夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的
2021 说明文 261 1 4 0 人与自我
卷 感受
新高考II
记叙文 258 1 2 2 人与自我 提高阅读速度的建议
卷
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 252 1 3 1 人与自我 自我接纳的小技巧。
达式 **
全国卷**
表情符号以及在工作交流
错误的表 说明文 220 1 4 0 人与社会
所带来的优势。
达式 **
2020
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 322 2 2 1 人与社会 乔迁聚会
达式 **
新高考I 公开演讲的法则
说明文 300 1 3 1 人与自我
卷
新高考II
说明文 302 2 2 1 人与社会 与医生交谈的几个建议
卷
全国卷** 新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光
错误的表 说明文 265 2 3 0 人与社会 对人们的身心健康均有好
达式 ** 处。
全国卷**
设定具体目标的一些方
2019 错误的表 说明文 267 1 4 0 人与自我
法。
达式 **I
全国卷**
在网络课堂上，与教授交
错误的表 说明文 214 1 4 0 人与社会
流的一些规矩与禁忌。
达式 **II
全国卷**
室内设计中颜色的选择问
2018 错误的表 说明文 259 1 3 1 人与自然
题
达式 **全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 223 2 2 1 人与自我 早晨锻炼对的四条好处
达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 195 2 2 1 人与社会 跳舞的好处
达式 **
全国卷**
对野营活动由抵触到喜欢
错误的表 记叙文 225 2 2 1 人与自我
的转变过程
达式 **
全国卷**
2017 错误的表 说明文 196 1 3 0 人与社会 如何避免工作时被打断
达式 **
全国卷** 如何做计划建立好生物
错误的表 说明文 244 1 3 1 人与自我 钟，保持早睡早起的好习
达式 ** 惯
全国卷**
密码的设置方法和破解的
错误的表 说明文 195 1 4 0 人与社会
方法
达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 262 1 4 0 人与自然 自己建设花园的具体建议
2016 达式 **
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 201 1 4 0 人与自我 买鱼和烧鱼的常识
达式 **
冒险行为与大脑的工作机
北京卷 说明文 276 1 3 1 人与自我
制有关
全国卷**
错误的表 议论文 314 2 3 2 人与社会 在关系中重建信任
达式 **
2015
年
全国卷**
错误的表 说明文 242 0 5 0 人与自我 马拉松锻炼技巧
达式 **
题型解读
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和
语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的
思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一
个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句成章，积章成篇＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落
（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个
语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义
的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语
作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理
清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
应试技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思
的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进
一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果
或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有 as a result 结果，thus/therefore 因此，so
(such)...如此------以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是
逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However 然而, nevertheless 仍然，然而，不过,
nonetheless 尽管如此，依然，然而, still 还;然而, though 可是，不过，然而, yet 然而, in
spite of 不顾，不管, at any rate 无论如何，至少, in any case 无论如何，不管怎样,
whoever 无论是谁, whatever 无论什么，on the contrary 正相反, in contrast 与此相反, 相
比之下, by contrast 相反, 相比之下, in comparison 比较起来，比较地, by comparison 相
比之下, conversely 相反(地), otherwise 否则;除此以外，not---but 不是-----而是，as well
也等。技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是
思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳
(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间
是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also 也, 而且, further 另外(的);, furthermore 而且，此外,
likewise 同样地，照样地;也，又, similarly 相似地，类似地, moreover 而且再者，此外, in
addition 另外，加之, what’s more 更重要的是, too 也，还, either 也, neither 两者都不,
not only…but also 不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first 首先, 第一, second 第二, third 第三…; firstly 第一, 首先,
secondly 第二(点);其次, thirdly 第三…; first 第一, next 其次, then 那么, 然后…; in the
first place 第一，首先, in the second place 第二, 其次…; for one thing 首先，一则, for
another thing 其次…; to begin with 首先，第一, to conclude 首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，
巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：词汇线索判断--同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是
我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义
词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：词汇线索判断：上下义词/同一范畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前
后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，
查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，
然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密
衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与
下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连
接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，
同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提
出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这
样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，
如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词
语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
真题回顾
【典例一（2024·新课标I卷）】
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally
presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to
spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, butI'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise
Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
【36题详解】
上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发
表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语
法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味
着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑
的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-
fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体
书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the
context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
【38题详解】
下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose
meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单
词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到
了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”
提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
【39题详解】
下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使
用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下
文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊
在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，
下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间
浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a
pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，
与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
【典例二（2024·新课标II卷）】
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making
wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a
regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
【16题详解】
前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进
理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地
区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be
unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，
结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行
吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the
same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or fooddeeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很
容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C
选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，
符合语境。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)
及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝
试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的
景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【19题详解】
空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的
时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保
护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll
feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑
回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
【典例三（2024·全国甲卷）】
What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel
satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if
you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant
emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you canregain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
.
A Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a
meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太
饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们
许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”
与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than
just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会
议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项
“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你
已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于
适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food
to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处
理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行
健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些
人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating
small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14
— 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以
让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早
餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮食。”符合语境。故选
A项。
【典例四（2024·北京卷）】
If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According
to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that
lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at.
___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range
of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that raremixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个
人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可
知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项
“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确
的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件
事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专
注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺
猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to
recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思
维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太
可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但
是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具
备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broaderrange of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在
于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to
include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不
是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当
某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来
回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方
式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人
和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语
境。故选A。
【典例五（2024·浙江1月卷）】
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.
___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you?
___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to
study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep
you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch
your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【16题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很
重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of
college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，
符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程
都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑
问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在
线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【18题详解】
由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最
明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟
“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最
后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩
通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the
same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代
D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem.
Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other
to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-
person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可
以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激
励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，
讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about
online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能
引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
【典例六（2023·新课标I卷）】
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强
自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err
(犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人
都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following
writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以
及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项 D“It’s just as important to show yourself
some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上
“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around?
They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造
力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感
到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics
you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那
些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive
things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did
the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，
写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作
业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，
本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项 F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write
it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做
的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of
your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以
及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。
选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，
C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或
家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact,
don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，
不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。
故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their
mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥
调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项 G“Whatever the mistake,
remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一
面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and
learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种
积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。
故选G。
【典例七（2023·新课标II卷）】
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art
journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete
beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide
inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本
进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后
文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，
看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习
和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺
术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【17题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to
improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as
much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是
绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，
所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通
过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【18题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文
“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic
growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你
的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is
crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me
feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常
重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让
我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you
feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【20题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The
journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through,
give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。
你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到
障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【典例八（2023·全国乙卷）】
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of
the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood
(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very
expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints orcooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆
力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由
此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the
winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的
环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相
反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几
个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are
many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful
gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，
盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化
学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are
among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，
符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-
which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾
它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the
requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引
起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home
and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介
绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
【典例九（2023·全国甲卷）】
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?
There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一
个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。
故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文
““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学
的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句
继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项
“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法
就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before
going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的
事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when
we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人
都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，
本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适
相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually
become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为
对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
【典例十（2023·北京卷）】
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make
decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.
____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【35题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they
make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对
于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻， 因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家
庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于
排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on
average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大
学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出
现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一
个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名
中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching
excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶
地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人
们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们
惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more
surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
【37题详解】
空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on
teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平
均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings
is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the mostimportant predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中
没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑
到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学
经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher
education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学
率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项
B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内
容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘
和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教
学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名
组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量
还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项 C“Quality
teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调
了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
【典例十一（2023·浙江1月卷）】
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic
vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times aday for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can
be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel
one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36．D 37．G 38．C 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very
quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you
travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至
少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的
夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前
计划。故选D项。
37．根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打
折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for
your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社帮你
预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s
right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an
overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下文“In the
summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可
知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与前后
文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39．根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be
a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及
下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻表上列出的时间
是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“You
might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24
小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40．根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of
seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒
数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
【典例十二（2022·全国甲卷）】
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touchany food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
【16题详解】
根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文
主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D 项“Don’t get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标
题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an
enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保
你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you
put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in
front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的
桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright
in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交
叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的
“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】
根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In
India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to
eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只
手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，
此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C 项“Mexicans consider it
inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关
系。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因
为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶
酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple
request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中
“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国
文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是
“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家
待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
【典例十三（2021·新高考全国卷I）】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason
was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: " 36 "
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a
useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your
partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案与解析】
36【答案】C
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One
reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最
近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等
你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“You’ll … if”
的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项
C “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下
文语境。故选C。
37【答案】D
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什
么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只
是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”，根据关键信息“Or”以及“or”后面的问句，可确定空
格处应该也是一个类似结构的问句，可确定答案在DE中。根据内容，空格处应该填写反问自己结伴
锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的
运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
38【答案】B根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result
in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”
和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身
房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的，或者离的比较近。
所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下
文语境。故选B。
39【答案】G
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind
of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each
session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭
档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，
每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号
码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项
G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信
息。)”中的“notice”以及“such information”符合上下文语境。故选G。
40【答案】F
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”
和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will
become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变
得更健康。)”可知，“different skills”和“both of you will benefit”暗示要学会求同存异，一起合作，共
同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，
学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【典例十四（2021·全国甲卷）】
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具
体的流程。
【16题详解】
根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled
on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦
的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes,
score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣
服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，
承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold
a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选 B
项。
【17题详解】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的
选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than
that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控
制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than
that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种
假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应
该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的
“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品
相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的 bring和下文中carry相对，
都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G
项符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间
的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see
how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样
子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样
要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣
服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故
选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也
许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文
“And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水
果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，
讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承
上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。
【典例十五（2020·全国卷III）】A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or
house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for
friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space
with love and hopefully presents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.
Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.
Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of
art or a plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually
no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably
give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a
person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G
【解析】
本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
【36题详解】
上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋
友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句
And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物
来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什
么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。【37题详解】
下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like
curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术
品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内
容，引出下文，故选B。
【38题详解】
本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，
所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其
他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与
其他客人分享。故选C。
【39题详解】
本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家
后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不
常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
【40题详解】
上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼
物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温
暖。符合语境。故选G。
【典例十六（2017·全国卷III）】
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep / wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturdaycould sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
36. C
文章首先提出“很多人早上起床困难”这个问题，并表明作者的观点“早起的关键是调整生物钟”。
36题应该是一个可以统领下文的句子，下文的内容主要涉及更好地规划睡眠。因此，选项C符合逻辑。
37. B
本题位于所在段落的段首，在分段说明一个话题的行文中，通常使用一个主旨大意句点出本段内容。
此处，考生可以根据后面句子的内容做出判断，后句说为了达到相应的变化，要想清楚为什么这个变
化很重要，也就是找到合适的动机。选项B符合文意。
38. G
本题的下句说“如果我们买一个带有计时器的咖啡壶，早上就可以多睡一刻钟”，关键信息有“咖
啡”，“一刻钟”等。选项G句中有“15 minutes”，“coffee”与之呼应，形成完整的语义关系。选项
G符合逻辑。
39. F
本段主要说明保持周末睡眠时间表的重要性。如果周五没有休息好，希望在周六补偿。但研究发现，
这样做会影响下一周的睡眠状况。39题作为本段的尾句，提醒人们无论周几，都要坚持既定的作息时
间。选项F符合逻辑。
40. E
40题的上句说“尝试新的作息方法一周后，要记得查看记录”，选项E句说“如果你采取的步骤奏效，
要保持”和后一句说“如果这样做不适合，就要采取另一种方式”，说明了查看记录后针对不同情况
应该怎么做。选项E符合逻辑。【典例十七（2019·全国卷III）】
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36
While I have only listed two of each, these are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be
able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer
isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be
sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on
the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a
professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do’s and don’ ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
36. E
第一段第一句话，In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very
important. 提到在在线课堂中，与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的。第二至五段，则详细介绍了
do’s 和 don’ts的内容。由此可见，选项E符合语境。
37. G
根据空格后的Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. 本段应与questions这一关键词有
关以及根据asking questions等信息可知，选项中，只有G项符合。
38. A根据本段第一句话，Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue 可知，
要参加研讨论坛，加入博客讨论以及其他开放式的对话论坛，因为这些讨论形式就是让学生参与的。
选项A符合语境。
39. C
根据上一句if you are in need of … the professor 可知，如果你想延长截止日期，简明地向教授说明情
况即可。通过以上推断，如果想了解更多信息，他们会问你，即选项C符合语境。
40. F
该空前一句提到，不要公开表达对教授或者班级的不满。后文说如果教授的专业水平或能力确实令人
担忧，一定要使用在线课程评估来冷静地发表你的意见。由此推断，选项F符合文意。
【典例十八（2018·全国卷II）】
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and
find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being
physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day. 37
● Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
● 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
36. G
36题所选的句子是一个承上启下的过渡句。根据上文“如果你准备抽出时间锻炼，那很好。”“但是
由于忙碌的生活，很难抽出时间锻炼。”引出本文要说的事“晨练不仅对身体健康有益，还能给我们
提供额外的好处。”所以G选项符合语境，意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在已经定期锻炼了，那
么听好了！”
37. E
选项37题的意思是“锻炼后，你的头脑可以保持清醒4-10个小时”，呼应上一句“锻炼会让你更加
神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。”
38. F
38题的上一句说的是，晨练有利于新陈代谢，下一句说的是晨练能帮助消耗卡路里，因此F句“锻炼
后，这一天里你将继续消耗卡路里”符合逻辑，因此选F。
39. B
39题的下一句讲的是晨练对睡眠的好处，因此B句“睡眠质量得以提高”符合逻辑，因此选B。
40. A
40题的下一句讲的是如果晨练，你就更会坚持吃健康的食物，因此A句“你会坚持你的饮食习惯”符
合逻辑。
【典例十九（2016·全国卷III）】
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.
Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as
at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an
easy way.
38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean it and season it with your choice of
spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about onepound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
16. G 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. B
【解析】
试题分析:文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
16.G
第一句"Everyone knows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But 表示转折，说明 But 前面一句是对第
一句的解释，G项"鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病"符合语境，故选 G。
17. D
由前一句＂Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.＂可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据
后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项"这仅仅需要一点知识"符合语境，此题
容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即 C项与后一句重复，故选 D。
18.F
根据"Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。
19.A
根据前一句"Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜
的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选 A。
20.B
根据"Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼
的方法，故选 B。
【典例二十（2019·全国卷I）】
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to ＂go out and get some fresh air＂ . 36 According to recent
studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities
— then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to
breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38
In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green,
growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is
good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than
patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make
sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
36. E
根据本段第一句话“人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气”和空格后一句 “回答是肯定的”可知此处
应填入一个一般疑问句，即“新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗？”
37. A
文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处，那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句。通
过阅读本段后面部分可知，本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气对人体带来的好
处。而对人体呼吸和氧气供应产生影响的器官，就是肺。只有肺里清洁，呼吸才能畅通无阻，才能让
人充满活力。由此推断，选项A更符合常识以及本段大意。
38. G本段空格后提到in these places“在这些地方” 可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到
研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，
因此选G。
39. C
从本段的in these places一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给
了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。
40. D
该空后一句提到，尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损，但也能提供有益人体的维生素D。由此可
知，空格处应该与太阳光线有关。
【典例二十一（2016·全国卷II）】
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum (总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. ①It starts with looking
inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the
gardening process.
● 37
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 .
However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from
our earliest years.
● Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 — how being in those
gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall
the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories
into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园
的具体建议。
16.F
根据前两句提出:你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园?你也可以自己打造一个属于你自己的花园。
故F项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文语境。
17.A
根据本段前两句可知不同人对花园有不同的看法，再由倒数第二句“然而，有很多原因能够解释你为
什么想做园艺”可知我们首先要搞清禁为什么要做园艺。故 A项正确。
18.E
本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用肥料。本句仍然在说明人
们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于
园艺的观点。
19.C
根据前句“……那些都不重要”可知画线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项
“重要的是我们做园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。
20.G本部分建议回忆一下小时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制订计划并付诸行
动。故G项符合上下文语境。
【典例二十二（2018·全国卷I）】
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room
that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the
key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you
need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
36. B
上文提到，Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax
after a long day? 你想要一间充满活力的房间吗？职业化的？还是在寻找一处忙碌了一整天后放松的地
方？可知，接下来将是对上文的总结，无论你找什么样的房间，颜色是关键。且选项B中的looking
for和上文的want和looking for相呼应。37. A
空格上一句提到，多年来，有许多不同的工艺帮助设计师达到这一目标。由此可推断，这些工艺都很
有用。选项A中的them指代的是different techniques。
38. D
上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones。接下来分别一一介绍。且
该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。
由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。
39. G
该空下一句提到中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面：一是花费，二是对空间感觉的影响。
与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。
40. F
该空上一句提到，大的方面的颜色选择所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是相当多的。与选项F中的
pay相呼应。因而，墙壁、天花板、地板等颜色的选择是你首先要搞定的。
【典例二十三（2018·全国卷III）】
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and
sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
.37. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch
them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对
他们的好处，故选D。
38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。
39. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选
F。
40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞
给自己带来的好处。
【典例二十四（2018·北京）】
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. _____51_____
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,
here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much
more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s
personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that
connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
_____54_____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger._____55_____However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may
not trigger another.
【答案】51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
51. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触
发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生
气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那
么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
52. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日
期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由
于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，
故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能
不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
53. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较
好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，
而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一
句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background
of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故
选E。
54. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项
（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。
55. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下
愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特
别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
【典例二十五（2017·全国卷II）】
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,
there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then
ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during
that time or that you’ll find them then. 3 8 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier
to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after
explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s
not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the
hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。
36. B【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with"以及下文
的"there are several ways to handle things"可知,工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一,有几个处理事
情的办 法。空处承上启下,应选B项。
37. A【解析】考查主题句。 根据下文的"Tell the person you’re sorry...ask if the two of you can talk ata different time"可知,本段讲述的是当你忙的时候,要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。主题句是对下
文内容的总 结,所以要认真阅读下文的内容并准确得出主题句,切忌以偏概全,以点代面。
38.E【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll
find them then" 及下文的"It can help to…"可知,此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E
项。
39. D【解析】考查承启句。 根据上文的"don’t do it in your own office"以及下文的"excuse yourself to
get back to your work"可知,你如果不在自己的办公室里,就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选
D项。
40. G【解析】考查承启句。 根据本段的首句"If you have a door to your office, make good use of it"以
及下文的 "when the door is closed"可知,G项符合文意。
【典例二十六（2017·全国卷III）】
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不
再是一件令人头疼的事。
36. C 根据空前及空后的关键词one可以判断出，空处应为解决方法，再结合所给选项可知只有C选项符
合语境。
37. B 本段内容是建议人们要先确定为什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的动机是什么，
因此B项可以概括本段的中心。
38. G 根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，
能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarter-hour和选项中的15 minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。
39. F 根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Stick to
your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合语境。故选F。
40. E 后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not对应，即如果有效果的话
如何去做。故选E。
【典例二十七（2016·全国卷I）】
Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in
doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind
code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 3 7 For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too
many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂
3 8 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read
＂135 520 135.＂
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a
code book. 3 9 For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.
＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 4 0 However, it is also hard to
keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. F 40. A
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。
36. D根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下
文。
37. E后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E
选项内容符合语境逻辑。
38. G根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。
39. F根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起
到承上启下的作用。
40. A根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，
故判断A选项符合语境。
【典例二十八（2016·全国卷II）】
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 6 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside
yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening
process.
● 1 7
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 .However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our
earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 — how being in those gardens
made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the
gardens of your youth. 20 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into
your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
16. F 考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的"But it doesn’t happen by accident"可知,这里是在讲"你
是 否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的"。故F项"You can produce that kind of magical
quality in your own garden, too"符合语境。
17. A 考查子标题。根据下文中的"a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden"可
知, 本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关,故选A项。
18. E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此
处 表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然,
故选E项。
19. C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those
gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。
20. G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项
中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应,故选G项。
【典例二十九（2016·全国卷III）】
【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 3 6 But it seems that many
people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat
twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 3 7 This
text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.3 8 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 3 9 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 4 0 First, clean it and season it with
your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10
minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】36. G 37. D 38. F 39. A 40. B
【解析】试题分析：文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烹饪鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法
是蒸鱼。
36. G 空后的句意表示转折，那么转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即空处应说明吃鱼对健康的益
处。故选G。
37. D 由前一句＂Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.＂可知，购买、存放和烹饪鱼并非难事，
再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的简单知识，D项＂这仅仅需要一点知识＂符
合语境。此题容易误选C项，C项后面应该直接跟烹饪鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
38. F 根据＂Fresh fish should smell sweet＂可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，段落的支撑
细节始终是围绕主题句展开的，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，故选F。
39. A 根据前一句＂Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.＂可知，带有腥味或强烈气味的鱼都
不新鲜，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选A。
40. B 根据＂Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes＂可知，本段介绍的是
蒸鱼的方法，下文讲到了烹饪鱼的步骤：首先，把鱼洗干净，添加调料进行腌制；然后，将装有鱼
的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用(以重约为一磅的鱼为例)。故选B项＂最简单的方法是
蒸＂。
【典例三十（2015·全国卷I）】
Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36.___________ Trust is a risk. But you can’t
be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or
cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37.
__________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you
can take to get you there.
◆38. ___________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what
the best outcome would be for your well-being.
 ◆39. ___________ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference
between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our
trust tested or violated.
 ◆You didn’t lose ＂everything＂. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.
___________ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【解析】试题分析:文干要讲述旦失去了信任，如何再次建交信任。
36.B 根据前一句 Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences 信任是我们从以往经历中获得
的学习行为。选项 B 中的i代指上文刚出现的 trust。故选 B。
37.E 根据前句 Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害目不能忍受再次发生可
知选 E。
38. A #据后白 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what thebest
outcome would be for your well-being.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选 A。39. C根据后句If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自
己是受害者。故选C。
40. G根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and
be thankful for all of the good in your life 和后一句instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to
allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选
G。
【典例三十一（2015·全国卷II）】
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.
36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel
best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have
found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should
stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise
to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After
two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a
timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
【解析】试题分析:本文是以如何锻炼马拉松为话题，提到从长期的角度说应该做到精心准备，循序渐进。
这样)能达到锻炼的目的。
36. C 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说买一双合脚的鞋子。所以这里应该是 Before
you begin your training训练前的准备工作。故选C。
37. E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说If
they still feel good, you can begin running in them如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。
38. A考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是 After
six days，练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。
39. D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D Witheach day, increase the distance by a half mile。
40. G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选
G Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time。