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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 14 词汇 F1
factory; mill; plant; works
【词义辨析】 
1 factory
“
”
泛指一般意义上的工厂,是最普通、用得最广泛的一
个词。
My father worked in a paper-making factory. (我父亲在一家造纸
厂工作。)
2 mill
“
”
的意思是磨坊,也指轻工业方面的工厂。
This city had many cotton mills several years ago, but most of them 
had bankrupted. (这个城市几年前有许多棉纱厂,但是大部分已经
破产了。)
3 plant 多指电工或机器制造业方面的工厂。
They built a large plant to manufacture automobiles. (他们建了一
家大型工厂生产汽车。)
4 works 多指钢铁、机械、印刷等重工业方面的工厂,形式为复
数,但常视为单数。
More and more workers are out of work now in this glass works. 
(现在这个玻璃厂失业的工人越来越多。)
fail in; fail to do
【词义辨析】 
1 fail in
“
……
”
的意思是在
方面失败,表示事情已经做了,但失败
了,后面跟名词或动名词。
We were sorry to learn that he failed in the writing competition again. 
(得知他在作文比赛中又失败了,我们感到很遗憾。)
I failed in passing the driving exam. (我又没有通过驾驶考试。)
2 fail to do
“
”
的意思是未能做,不能做,忘记做,既可以表示没
有做某事,也可以表示做了,但失败了。
They failed to complete this project on time. (他们没能准时完成
这项工程。)
Never fail to write to me. (别忘记写信给我。)
fairly; rather
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有相当地意思,都可以用来表示程度。
1 fairly
“
”
 
是有点,还算的意思,在语气上比rather 轻,一般修
饰含褒义的形容词或副词,如:good,nice,well 等。
This book is fairly good. (这本书很好。)
He is a fairly handsome boy. (他是一个相当英俊的少年。)
2 rather
“
”
的意思是相当的,在语气上比较重,多含有贬义的成
 
分,往往与bad,poor,stupid 等形容词或副词连用,rather 常和too
连用。
The whole process is rather complex. (整个程序相当复杂。)
This one is rather too large. (这个也太大了一点。)
3 rather 和fairly 在修饰形容词时位置也有些不同。如果形容词前
有不定冠词a,rather 可以放在a 前面也可以放在a 后面,fairly 则只
能放在a 后面; 如果形容词前有定冠词the,rather 和fairly 都只能放
在the 后面; 如果形容词前没有冠词,rather 和fairly 均可直接放在形
容词前。
a rather hot day 也可说成rather a hot day
a fairly cold day 不可说成fairly a cold day
the rather/ fairly cold weather
rather/ fairly cold weather
faith; truth
【词义辨析】 
1 faith
“
”
的意思是信任,信仰。
Missionaries travel around the world to propagate their faith. (传教
士周游世界传播其信仰。)
The disaster caused him to waver in his faith. (这桩灾难使他对信
仰发生了动摇。)
2 truth
“
”
的意思是实话,事实,真理。
I don't believe the truth of that story. (我不相信那个故事是真
的。)
He died for the truth. (他为真理而死。)
fall off; fall down
【词义辨析】 
1 fall off
“
……
”
用作及物动词短语时,意思是从
跌落,掉落; 用作
“
”
“
不及物动词时,意思是落下,掉下,脱落,也可表示减少,越来
”
越少,后直接接宾语。
The girl is falling off the bike. (女孩从自行车上摔下来。)
I watched all the papers on the table fall off. (我看着桌子上的纸张
全掉下来。)
2 fall down
“
”
的意思是跌倒,倒下,倒塌,常用作不及物动词短
语,后接宾语时应加上介词from。
If people run across the road, they may fall down. (如果人们跑着
过马路的话,可能会摔倒。)
Many stones are falling down from the sky. (许多大石头正从天而
降。)
false; wrong
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有错误的意思,但用法有区别。
1 false
“
”
意思为错误的,虚假的,所表达的意思不仅是错的,并
且含有冒充、欺骗之意。
What you're saying is false. (你所说的是假的。)
His father gave false testimony in the court. (他的父亲在法庭上作
了伪证。)
2 wrong
“
”
的意思是错误的,用法比较明了,一般不含冒充、欺
骗的意思。
I can't believe this! All the data in his report are wrong! (我真不敢
相信!他报告里的资料全是错的。)
His answer to the question is wrong. (他对这个问题的回答是错误
的。)
family; home; house
【词义辨析】 
1 family
“
”
“
”
的意思是家庭,也可指家庭成员。
All my family support my decision. (我的家人都同意我的决
定。)
“One Family, One Child” is our country's family planning policy. 
(“一个家庭,一个孩子”是我们国家的计划生育政策。)
Mr. Smith's family is very large. (史密斯先生家里的人很多。)
All my family are studying. (我家所有人都在学习。)
2 home
“
”
的意思是家,指一家人共同生活的地方。
His home is in Taiyuan. (他家在太原。)
I don't want to go home; I want to stay here. (我不想回家,我想
待在这儿。)
3 house
“
”
意思为房子,一般指家人所居住的建筑物。
There are many old houses in this region. (这个地区有很多老房
子。)
What kind of house do you live in? Is it a large or a small one? 
(你住什么样的房子?是大还是小?)
far away; faraway
【词义辨析】 
1 far away
“
”
是个副词短语,用来表示距离遥远地,在句中作状
语、表语或后置定语,后面可加介词from。
He pointed to the river far away. (他指着远处的河流。)
His father lives far away. (他爸爸住得很远。)
The school is far away from our home. (学校离我们家很远。)
2 faraway
“
是形容词,多用来指距离、程序等方面遥远的,远方
”
的,常用作前置定语。
He lives in a faraway country. (他住在一个遥远的国度里。)
Her children settled in faraway places. (她的孩子都在遥远的地方
定居下来。)
He spent his holidays in a faraway place. (他在一个遥远的地方度
过了假期。)
farmer; peasant
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有农民的意思,但用法不同。
1 farmer
“
”
的意思是农夫,农场主,一般指拥有或经营农场的
人,通常是个职业概念,常用于发达国家的农民。
American farmers run some of the most productive farms in the 
world. (美国农场主经营着全世界一些最高产的农田。)
A farmer's work can be very hard. Hours are long, often from sunrise 
to sunset. (农民的工作很辛苦,时间很长,经常从日出忙到日
落。)
2 peasant 指自己有或租有小片土地的耕作者,常指较穷国家的农
民。
Her grandfather was a peasant in the old days, but now she is an 
engineer. (在旧社会,她的爷爷是个农民,但现在她却是一个工程
师。)
She was born in a poor peasant family. (她出身于贫农家庭。)
farther; further
【词义辨析】 
两者都是形容词和副词far
“
的比较级形式,意思是更远的,更远
”
地。
1 farther
“
”
一般指距离上更远的。
There is a well on the farther side of the hill. (在小山的那一边有
一口井。)
The cashier desk is at the farther end of the hall. (收银台在大厅稍
往里的地方。)
2 further
“
”
一般指抽象意义的更远,更进一步,更深入,例如心
灵上的距离或是思想上、方法上的距离等,也可指实际的空间距
离。
The teacher is about to have a further conversation with the student. 
(老师将要同那个学生作一次深入的谈话。)
We need further study in this university. (我们需要在这所大学进
一步深造。)
We intend to stay for a further three weeks. (我们打算再停留三个
星期。)
fast; quick; rapid; swift
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这四个词都有快的意思,但是具体用法有所不同。
1 fast
“
”
的意思为快的,既可用作形容词,也可以用作副词,常
指人或物持续地高速运动,强调运动的方式; 
“
”
它也有紧的,牢固的
意思。
Today's school bus is a little faster. (今天的校车开得有点快。)
The summer is coming, and the crops grow fast. (春天来了,那些
庄稼长得很快。)
He runs very fast. (他跑得很快。)
2 quick
“
”
的意思是迅速的(地),它既可以作形容词也可以作副
词,一般特指瞬时动作,强调动作敏捷迅速;也指匆忙的行为,而
“
”
不暗示速度很快;也有敏捷的,灵活的之意。
He had a quick bath and rushed off to work. (他匆忙洗了个澡,就
上班去了。)
The car is so quick that I can't follow it. (那辆车开得太快我跟不
上。)
Tomorrow is my wedding day, please come to my home as quick as 
possible. (明天是我的婚礼,请尽快来我家。)
The little boy is quick to calculate. (那个男童敏于计算。)
3 rapid
“
”
的意思是迅速的,飞快的,用法比较正式,可作形容
词,所指动作可能是短暂的,也可能是持续的。
The growth of the economy has been rapid in recent years. (近年
来,经济增长速度很快。)
He has made rapid progress in handwriting. (他在书写方面取得了
快速进步。)
4 swift
“
”
意思为迅速的,快的,敏捷的,用于较正式的场合,指
平稳不受干扰、不中断的快速动作。
The old man jumps as swift as a kangaroo. (这个老人跳得像袋鼠
一样敏捷。)
They've been very swift to evacuate refugees. (他们在疏散难民方
面反应迅速。)
fear; frighten; horrify; terrify
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这四个词都有恐惧的意思,但用法各异。
1 fear
“
”
既可用作名词,也可用作动词,意思为害怕,不安,它
的用法最普通,语气最弱。
He has a great fear of fire. (他很怕火。)
She feared that she might not catch the train at twelve o'clock. (她
担心可能在12 点赶不上火车。)
2 frighten
“
”
为动词,意思为使受惊吓,一般指思想或精神上没有
准备,因受到突然惊吓而感到恐惧。常用的词组为be frightened of,
“
……”
意思为害怕
;be frightened by
“
……
”
,意思为被
吓一跳。
Don't frighten the baby, she is so nervous. (不要吓唬孩子,她太
紧张了。)
I'm frightened by the shadow of the trees last night. (昨晚我被树影
吓了一跳。)
Don't be frightened of the dog, it never bites you. (不要害怕那只
狗,它从不咬人。)
3 horrify
“
”
为动词,意思为使恐惧,惊骇,一般指见到某种可怕
的场景后心理产生的恐惧感。
She felt horrified at the sight. (见这情景,她感到恐惧。)
We were horrified by what we saw. (所看到的情景令我们恐
惧。)
4 terrify
“
”
为动词,意思为使恐惧,恐吓,一般用来指由于客观
环境造成的恐惧。
The gun-shot terrified the child. (枪击把那个小孩吓坏了。)
All the villagers were terrified by the earthquake. (所有的村民都
被地震吓坏了。)
feed; feed... to; feed on
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有喂养的意思,要注意彼此之间的区别。
1 feed
“
……
”
是动词,后可直接接宾语,意思为给
喂食。
The farmer fed the cows on grasses and corns. (农民用草和玉米喂
奶牛。)
We feed the goldfish every day. (我们每天给金鱼喂食。)
He has a large family to feed. (他有一个大家庭要供养。)
2 feed... to
“
……
……
”
意思是把
喂给
吃,一般来说,feed 后面接食
物名称,to 为介词,后面一般接人或动物名称。
They feed fresh milk to the newly-born babies. (他们把新鲜的牛
奶喂给新生婴儿吃。)
He feeds soy to pigs. (他们用大豆喂猪。)
3 feed on
“
……
……
”
意思为以
为食物,以
为能源,其主语主要为动
物,宾语通常是食物或者饲料名词。
Cattle feed on grass. (牛以草为食。)
Tigers feed on meat. (老虎以肉食为主。)
feed; keep; support; raise
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这四个词都有供养,养活的意思,但要注意他们之间的细微区
别。
1 feed
“
”
意思为喂养,饲养,后面可接人或动物。
He has to work day and night to feed his wife and three children. 
(为了养活妻子和三个孩子,他不得不玩命地干活。)
They had to sell their blood in order to feed their children. (他们得
靠卖血来养活孩子。)
2 keep
“
”
表示养活人或饲养动物或禽畜,一般不用被动语态。
He needs more money to keep his wife and children. (他需要更多
的钱来供养妻子儿女。)
My mum kept three hens and two pigs. (我妈妈养了三只母鸡和两
头猪。)
3 support 指通过提供足够的资金或生活必需品而供养人,不用于
饲养动物。
I will support myself after graduation from college. (我大学毕业后
要自己谋生。)
The orphan was supported by the local government when he was 
young. (那个孤儿小时候是由地方政府供养的。)
4 raise
“
”
意思为抚养人、饲养动物或禽畜,有时可以和feed 互
换。
He raised those goats. (他饲养那些山羊。)
The baby was raised on rice water. (这孩子是用米汤喂养大
的。)
feel; touch
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有感觉之意。
1 feel
“
”
一般指情感上的感知,感觉。
I felt the baby cry. (我感觉婴儿在哭。)
I felt myself unable to leave the colleagues. (我觉得自己离不开那
些同事了。)
2 touch
“
”
一般指通过手触摸。
Don't touch the glass, it's dangerous. (不要触摸玻璃,很危险。)
The blind man touched the mobile with his right hand. (那个盲人
用右手触摸手机。)
field; farm; land
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都与土地有关。
1 field 
“
”
意思为田地,田野,运动场,常用的词组为in the 
field
“
……
”
,意思为在
领域。
Yuan Longping has made great achievement in the field of hybrid 
rice. (袁隆平在杂交水稻领域取得了巨大成就。)
They were working in the cotton fields. (他们在棉田里干活。)
There are more than one hundred students in the field. (操场上有一
百多个学生。)
2 farm
“
”
意思为农场,饲养场。
He works on a farm. (他在一个农场工作。)
The bank provided a loan to some farmers and supported them to 
build an animal farm. (银行为一些农民提供了贷款,帮助他们建立
了一个饲养场。)
3 land
“
”
用法最正式,意思为陆地,土地,国土,lands
“
表示国
”
家。
Most mammals live on land. (大多数哺乳动物生活在陆地上。)
He has visited many Asian lands. (他访问过许多亚洲国家。)
fight about; fight for; fight against; fight with
【词义辨析】 
1 fight about
“
……
……
”
的意思是为
而战,就
而争吵,后接名词或
者代词。
What are the boys fighting about? (这些男孩子为什么打架?)
The couple are always fighting about who will clean the floor on 
Sundays. (这对夫妇总要为星期天谁将打扫地板而争吵。)
2 fight for
“
……
”
意为为
而斗争(战斗)。
The revolutionary martyrs fought for the independence of their 
country. (这些革命先烈为国家的独立而奋斗。)
The two brothers often fight for the legacy. (兄弟俩常为争夺遗产
而争吵。)
They are fighting for freedom and independence. (他们正为自由独
立而战。)
3 fight against
“
……
”
“
……”
意为为反对
而斗争或反对
。
He led the workers in fighting against oppression and exploitation. 
(他领导工人进行反对压迫和剥削的斗争。)
They were fighting against the enemy. (他们在和敌人作战。)
4 fight with
“
”
“
……
”
表示用某种武器与某人交战或与
争斗。
The United States fought with nuclear weapons in the Second World 
War. (美国在第二次世界大战中使用核武器战斗。)
They fought with disease. (他们同疾病作斗争。)
figure; number
【词义辨析】 
1 figure
“
”
多指数字,强调数字符号,与文字相对。
Where did you get those figures? (你从哪儿得到那些数字的?)
Write the figure 9 on the blackboard. (把数字9 写在黑板上。)
2 number
“
”
泛指数目,号码,用法较广泛。
The number of the students for running is 28. (参加跑步的学生数
目是28。)
The leader lives at No. 20 Huangshan Street. (那位领导住在黄山
大街20 号。)
Could you tell me your telephone number? (你能把你的电话号码
给我吗?)
find; find out; look for
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有找的意思,但用法和含义不同。
1 find
“
”
意为找到,发现,强调的是找的结果,是非延续性的动
作。
I found that the telephone number he gave us was wrong. (我发现
他给我们的电话号码是错的。)
He found his watch lost. (他发现他的手表丢了。)
2 find out
“
”
意为找出,发现,查明,指经过多次复杂的观察、调
查之后才查明情况或结果。
The policemen found out where the criminal lived. (警察终于查到
了罪犯住在哪里。)
Please find out when the plane will take off. (请查一下飞机什么时
候起飞。)
3 look for
“
”
意为寻找,是有目的地找,强调找的动作,是延续性
的动作。
—What are you looking for? (你在找什么?)
—I am looking for my dog. (我在找我的狗。)
first; firstly
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者的意义很近似,都有首先,第一的意思,但使用场合不尽
一致。
1 first 的使用范围较大,可以作名词、形容词和副词,有时还可
以代替firstly 使用; firstly 的运用范围较小,只能作副词,用于列举
事实或理由。
First/Firstly, I'll praise some students, and then I'll criticize some 
students. (首先,我要表扬一些学生,然后还要批评一些学生。)
First/Firstly, you must answer some questions, and then you must 
write all the answers on the paper. (首先,你必须回答一些问题,然
后还要把答案写在纸上。)
2 当用于修饰行为动词时,只能用first,不能用firstly.
I must ask my teacher first. (我得先问问我的老师。)
We first go to Shenyang then to Beijing. (我们先到沈阳,然后去
北京。)
fit; suit; match
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者用在衣服上都含有合适,合身的意思,但注意用法上的区
别。
1 fit
“
”
常强调大小、形状的合身。
He tried the trousers on, but they didn't fit. (他试了那条裤子,但
不合身。)
This new coat fits him well. (这件大衣很合他的身。)
These sweaters fit me well. (这些毛线衫很适合我。)
2 suit
“
”
常强调颜色、式样等的合适。
The green suits you best. (绿颜色最适合你。)
The colour of the cloth suits a woman at the thirties. (这布的颜色
适合三十岁左右的妇女穿。)
3 match
“
”
多用来表示品质、颜色、设计等方面与某人匹配。
A purple jacket doesn't match a black sweater. (紫色上衣与黑色毛
衣不相配。)
Carpets should match the curtains. (地毯应该跟窗帘相匹配。)
【正误比较】 
我认为这些衣服的花色式样适合你穿。
【错误】 I think these clothes fit you.
【正确】 I think these clothes suit you.
fit on; try on
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有试穿的意思,用法有所区别。
1 fit on
“
”
意思为穿上,试穿,一般用来表示给别人试穿。
The mother fits the hat on her son. (母亲给她的儿子试戴那顶帽
子。)
The serviceman is fitting the new robe on the prince. (仆人正在给
王子试穿新礼服。)
2 try on
“
”
意思也为试穿,但多表示自己试穿。
Do you want to try on this pair of new trousers?(你想试试这条新裤
子吗?)
I'd like to try on that green brocade jacket. (我想试穿那件绿色的
云锦上衣。)
flame; fire
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都跟火有关。
1 flame
“
”
的意思是火焰,火苗,是可数名词。
The Flame is the theme song of Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. 
(《圣火》是2000 年悉尼奥运会的主题歌。)
The hospital was in flames. (医院失火了。)
2 fire
“
”
的意思是火,用法比较广泛,指普通的火。
A tiger is afraid of fire. (老虎怕火。)
A forest fire left hundreds of people homeless. (一场森林大火使数
百人无家可归。)
floor; storey
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有楼层的意思。
1 floor
“
”
一般表示楼房的第几层。在英国,一楼为ground floor,
二楼为first floor; 在美国,一楼为first floor,二楼为second floor。
I live on the ground floor. (我住在一楼。)(英)
She lives on the first floor, and her parents live on the second floor. 
(她住在一楼,她的父母住在二楼。)(美)
2 storey
“
”
用于表示几层的楼房。
Our new school is a seven-storeyed building. (我们的新学校有七
层高)。
He lives in a two-storeyed house. (他住在一座两层的房子里。)
follow; obey
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有遵守的意思,但用法有一定的区别。
1 follow
“
”
意思是跟随,随从等,一般指遵守规则、先例、忠
告、指示等。
We are modern college students, and we should not always follow the 
old tradition. (我们是现代大学生,不能总是墨守成规。)
Follow other's advice. (听从别人的劝告。)
2 obey
“
”
意思是服从,听从,指服从权威,遵守法规等。
We should obey the law. (我们应当遵守法律。)
Soldiers are expected to obey their orders without question. (军人
应当绝对服从命令。)
foolish; silly; stupid
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有傻的意思,但是含义不同,foolish
“
相当于汉语的愚
”
蠢,stupid
“
”
相当于笨,silly
“
”
相当于傻。
1 foolish
“
”
的意思为愚蠢的,指没头脑,缺乏判断力,是贬义
词。
It is foolish of you to borrow money from him. (从他那里借钱你
真是太愚蠢了。)
He is foolish to quarrel with his boss. (他真蠢,竟然和他的老板
争吵。)
2 silly
“
”
是低能的,糊涂的,无智慧的之意,着重头脑简单、不
懂事,有单纯、糊涂的意思。
How silly of you to do that!(你干那事多傻啊!)
Stop asking such silly questions!(别再问这样傻的问题了!)
3 stupid
“
”
是笨的意思,语气最重,指不够理智,反应迟钝,着
重生理迟钝。
Don't be stupid to believe his words. (不要那么傻去相信他的
话。)
Mary is too stupid to take part in such a forum. (玛丽太笨了,不
适合参加这样的论坛。)
for example; such as
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都可以表示例如的意思,但用法有差异。
1 for example
“
”
“
”
作例如讲时,一般只以同类事物或人的一个为
例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。
Flu, for example, has spread around the world. (例如,流感已经在
世界各地传播开了。)
For example, water is transparent. (例如,水是透明的。)
2 such as 用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例
子,插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as 后面不可有逗号。
Some of the European languages come from Latin,such as French, 
Italian and Spanish. (有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语,例如,法语、意
大利语和西班牙语。)
German is spoken in many countries, such as Austria and Germany. 
(许多国家都讲德语,例如奥地利和德国。)