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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 1 词汇 A1
a bit; a little
【词义辨析】
1
“
”
两者都有一点儿,稍微,少许的意思,在肯定句中修饰动
词、形容词、副词及其比较级时,可以互换。
He's a bit/a little jealous of the coach. (他有点嫉妒教练。)[修
饰形容词]
She feels a bit/a little better today. (她今天感觉好一些。)[修饰
比较级]
2 两者都可以修饰不可数名词,作定语。a little 可以直接修饰名
词,a bit 修饰名词时要在后面加上of 构成短语。
She knows a bit of/ a little Russian. (她懂一点儿俄语。)
I've got a bit of water. (我弄到了一点儿水。)
3 a bit 和a little 在否定句中的意思恰恰相反,not a bit 相当于not
at all(一点儿都不); not a little 相当于very (much) 或extremely
(很,非常)。
She is not a bit happy.=She is not happy at all. (她一点也不快
乐。)
注意 a bit of 的复数形式是bits of,a little 没有复数形式。
When she hurried home, she found bits of paper all over the floor.
(当她匆忙赶到家,发现地上满是碎纸片。)
a few; few; a little; little
【词义辨析】
1 a few
“
用作定语,修饰可数名词,意思是少数的,几个,一
”
些,表示肯定意义。
There are a few students in the classroom. (教室里有几个学
生。)
2 a little
“
也可以作定语,修饰不可数名词,意思是一点儿,少
”
量,表示肯定意义。
He describes a little about himself in the article. (在这篇文章中,
他对自己进行了一点描述。)
3 few
“
”
表示没几个,少到几乎没有,修饰可数名词,表示半否
定意义。
There are few apples left on the tree. (树上没剩下几个苹果。)
[但并不是一个也没有]
4 little
“
”
表示很少的,几乎没有的,修饰不可数名词,表示半否
定意义。
There is little meat in the kitchen. (厨房里几乎没有什么肉了。)
[并不是完全没有]
a good many; a great deal; a great deal of
【词义辨析】
1 a good many
“
”
的意思是许多,很多,相当多,用法相当于形容
词,可修饰可数名词,后面须接复数形式。
There are a good many foreign students in the university. (大学里
有许多外国学生。)
A good many teachers have been sent to study abroad since the
reform and opening up. (改革开放以来,有许许多多的老师被派往
国外学习。)
2 a great deal
“
”
的意思是大量,很多,很,后面可以接形容词或
者副词的比较级,也可以作名词短语,用作主语或者宾语,作主语
时,谓语动词用单数。
He ran a great deal faster than I. (他跑得比我快多了。)
A great deal has been done to rescue the African refugees. (为营救
非洲难民已经做了大量工作。)
3 a great deal of
“
”
的意思是非常多(的),大量的,后接不可数
名词,表示不可数事物的量,与其后的不可数名词共同作主语或者
宾语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A great deal of money was spent on this project. (这项工程花了不
少钱。)
He drinks a great deal of water every day. (他每天都喝大量的
水。)
a number of; the number of
【词义辨析】
1 a number of
“
”
意为一些,很多,若干,相当于a lot of(许
多),后接复数名词,所构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形
式。
A great number of young singers have taken part in the contest held
by CCTV. (许多青年歌手参加了中央电视台举办的歌唱比赛。)
A number of birds are threatened by the ocean pollution. (许多鸟类
都受到海洋污染的威胁。)
2 the number of
“……
”
意为
的数量或数目,后接复数名词,所构成
的短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
The number of elephants is 135. (大象的数量是135 头。)
The number of pandas in our country is going up. (我们国家大熊
猫的数量正在上升。)
a (large) quantity of; (large) quantities of
【词义辨析】
“
”
都可表示大量的意思。
1 a quantity of 修饰可数名词和不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动
词根据所修饰的名词单复数而定。
A large quantity of bamboo is used to make furniture instead of wood.
(大量的竹子替代木头被用来制作家具。)
There is only a small quantity of milk left. (只剩下少量牛奶。)
2 quantities of 可修饰可数或不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用
复数形式。
Quantities of rubbish were on the hill. (有大量的垃圾堆放在山
上。)
Large quantities of cotton have been exported to all over the world.
(已经有大批棉花出口到世界各地。)
ability; capacity; capability
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都是能力的意思,但它们有一定的区别。
1 ability
“
”
“
”
指的是学来的各种能力,也可指天资,天分。
He has the ability to operate the machine. (他有能力操纵这台机
器。)
He is a person of leadership ability. (他是一个有领导才能的
人。)
2 capacity
“
”
“
指的是容纳某事物的能力,或生产、体会、理解或
”
学习的能力。
His capacity for languages is wonderful. (他学语言的能力极
好。)
The stadium has a capacity of fifty thousand people. (这个体育场
可容纳五万人。)
3 capability 的含义与ability
“
”
“
相似,指做某事的素质能力或尚
”
未发挥的天资或素质。
He has the capability to complete this job. (他有能力完成这项工
作。)
The Chinese people have the capability to defeat any intruders. (中
国人民有能力战胜任何侵略者。)
about; around; or so; some
【词义辨析】
“
”
都含有大约的意思,有一定的区别,有时可以互换。
1
“
……
”
都可以表示大约,左右,
上下的意思。about,around 和
some 位于数词之前,or so 位于数词之后。
Around/About/Some forty people were present at the conference.
(大约四十人参加了会议。)
He will finish all the university courses by self-teaching in three years
or so. (他将用三年左右的时间自学完大学的所有课程。)
2 about 一般与比较确定的数字连用; around 多修饰时间或日期,
有时可用于非正式场合; some 多修饰时间和数量,但不能用来修饰
表示时间点的数词; or so 修饰时间、日期或数量。
She had just walked a kilometer or so when it began to snow. (她刚
走了大约一千米,就下起了雪。)
There are around/about/some nine chairs in the room. (屋子里有大
约九张椅子。)
about; on
【词义辨析】
“
”
作介词使用时,两者都可以表示关于。
1 about 常用于口语中,侧重叙说,多用于个人的事迹、故事的
内容、一般的书籍或文章等较为普通的内容或观点。
My mother told me a story about an old lady. (妈妈给我讲了一个
老太太的故事。)
He knows nothing about the novel. (他对这部小说一无所知。)
It is a book about fish. (那是一本关于鱼的书。)
2 on 常用于较正式场合,侧重论述,多用于比较重大、探讨较深
入的问题,如国际形势、政治、理论、学术及专著等方面的问题。
The old professor is writing a book on birds. (老教授正在撰写一
本论及鸟类的书。)
It is a book on theory of relativity. (这是一本关于相对论的书。)
It is a book on the evolution of fish. (那是一本关于鱼类进化的
书。)
above all; after all; at all
【词义辨析】
1 above all
“
……
……”
的意思是尤其是
,首先,最重要的是
。
We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. (我们
必须工作,尤其重要的是,我们必须自信。)
We have many things to do now; above all, we must make a plan.
(我们有很多事情要做,但首先还是要定一个计划。)
2 after all
“
”
的意思是毕竟,终究,终归,到底。
He is certain to come. After all, he's already accepted the invitation.
(他肯定来,他毕竟已接受了邀请。)
After all, what was it that made her divorce her husband? (究竟是
什么使她与丈夫离婚的?)
3 at all
“
”
用于否定句时,意思是丝毫,根本; 用于疑问句时意为
“
”
究竟,到底,常用来表示说话人对所问之事的怀疑及否定态度; 用
“
”
于条件句时,表示当真,实在; 用于肯定句时,表示说话人的某种
“
”
情绪或情感,表示竟然等。
She isn't interested in swimming at all. (她对游泳一点儿也不感兴
趣。)
Can you play poker at all? (你会打扑克吗?)
If you do it at all, do it well. (既然要做,就把它做好。)
I was surprised at his apology at all. (我感到很奇怪,他竟然道歉
了。)
accent; intonation
【词义辨析】
1 accent
“
”
“
”
的意思是口音,腔调,也可用于表示重音,声调。
Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner. (从她的口音判
断, 她准是南方人。)
She speaks with a London accent. (她说话带伦敦口音。)
2 intonation
“
”
的意思是语调,声调。
We should ask a question with a rising intonation. (我们应该用升
调问问题。)
The piano's intonation was poor. (这个钢琴的音调不准。)
accept; receive
【词义辨析】
1 accept
“
”
的意思是接受,指经过考虑,由主观意志来决定接
受,动作发出者本身是主动的。
She was very glad to accept the invitation. (她非常愉快地接受了
邀请。)
I couldn't accept your suggestions. (我不能接受你的建议。)
2 receive
“
”
的意思是收到,接到,得到,指收到某物这一动作,
本身有一定的被动性,不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。
She received a gift from her boyfriend yesterday. (昨天她收到了她
男朋友的一个礼物。)
He didn't receive a good education on music when he was young.
(他年轻时在音乐方面没有受过良好的教育。)
accident; incident; event
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有事件的意思,但是含义不同。
1 accident 是指意外事件、偶发事故,一般指不幸的事故,如车
祸、天灾等。
Her father was killed in a car accident. (她的父亲死于车祸。)
There occurred three car accidents today. (今天发生了三起车
祸。)
2 incident 常指较小的事情、小插曲,或者人生中所碰到的给人
留下深刻印象的平凡小事,还可以用来指政治、军事、外交等方面
具有影响的事态或事件。
Please accept my apologies for this unfortunate incident. (请接受我
对这桩不幸的事件的道歉。)
The newspapers reported several incidents on the boundaries between
China and DPRK. (报纸报道了中朝两国边界发生的几起事件。)
3 event 多指重大的、值得注意的事件,尤其是国家、社会等重
要事件,还可以指体育运动比赛项目。
The discovery of America was a great event. (发现美洲大陆是一
个重大事件。)
The event was fatal to my hopes. (这次事件粉碎了我的希望。)
accurate; exact; right; correct
【词义辨析】
“
”
四者均有准确的,正确的之意,但有一定的区别。
1 accurate 指通过谨慎的努力做到与事实或实际相符,侧重不同
程度的准确性,与事实无出入。
Watches have become very accurate. (手表已走得很准了。)
You should fill in the form with accurate individual information.
(你应该把准确的个人信息填写在表内。)
2 exact 着重在质与量方面的准确,语气比accurate 强。
What is your exact address? (你的具体地址是哪里?)
Physics is an exact science. (物理是一门精密的学科。)
3 right 使用广泛,但常暗示道德、理解、行动等方面的正确。
You should understand what is right and what is wrong. (你应该懂
得什么是正确的,什么是错误的。)
She was right! It was upside down! (她说得对!是上下颠倒
了!)
4 correct 最常用,主要指按一定标准或规则来衡量,没有谬误和
差错或无缺点、错误。
You are perfectly correct. (你完全正确。)
Could you give me the correct answer to the question? (你能把问
题的正确答案告诉我吗?)
accuse; charge; blame
【词义辨析】
“
”
三个动词都有控诉,指控,指责之意,但它们的用法却不同。
1 accuse 是一般用语,正式或非正式场合,私人或法律上均可
用,被指控的情节可轻可重,常与介词of 连用构成词组accuse sb. of
sth.
“
”
,意思为指控某人犯某罪。
The police accused him of bigamy. (警察指控他犯有重婚罪。)
They accused him of taking bribes. (他们指控他收受贿赂。)
2 charge 是正式用语,指较严重的错误或罪行,而且往往用于向
法庭提出正式起诉,常与介词with 连用构成词组charge sb. with
sth.
“
”
,意思为指控某人某事。
The man was charged with smuggling. (那个人被指控犯有走私
罪。)
The police charged him with murder. (警察指控他犯了谋杀
罪。)
3 blame
“
”
意思是指责,责怪,指对与法律无关的过失的指责,
一般与介词for 连用。
The boy was blamed by his father for having broken the glass. (小
男孩把玻璃打碎了,受到了爸爸的指责。)
America is blamed by the world for its supremacy. (美国的霸权主
义受到全世界的谴责。)
ache; pain; hurt; sore
【词义辨析】
“
”
“
”
四者都和疼痛、受伤有关,但是词性和用法有所区别。
1 ache 一般用来表示身体局部因一些小病引起的轻微疼痛,例如
toothache, headache 等,也可用作不及物动词。
My abdomen aches terribly. (我肚子痛得厉害。)
I got a bad toothache yesterday. (我昨天牙很痛。)
2 pain 是长时间、不间断的疼痛,用作名词时,所指的痛苦、疼
“
痛,可以是身体上的,也可以是精神上的;作动词时,表示疼痛,
”
使疼痛。
Stomach pains tortured him for a long time. (胃痛折磨了他好长时
间。)
His behavior caused his relatives a great deal of pain. (他的行为给
他的亲戚带来极大的痛苦。)
3 hurt
“
”
“
”
用作动词时一般表示受外伤或情感上受伤; 用作名词时
“
”
表示伤痛,伤害,创伤。
My leg hurts. (我的腿疼。)
I was very much hurt at his words. (他的话伤透了我的心。)
4 sore
“
”
指的是由内部炎症引起的酸痛,发炎,剧烈的痛,也可
“
”
指心灵上的痛楚。
I have a sore throat. (我喉咙痛。)
The suffering of the refugees makes her heart sore. (难民的苦难使
她心痛。)
注意 pain 做名词时,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,要
注意区分。
1 当表示身体某部位不适时,属于可数名词。短语in pain(疼
痛,痛苦)却不能用复数。
I've a pain in my back. (我后背有点疼。)
2 当表示精神上的痛苦时,属于不可数名词。
He gave his mother much pain by failing all the subjects. (他所有
的考试均不及格,这令他妈妈很痛苦。)
3
“
”
“
”
作努力、辛苦讲时,只用复数形式,但不能用many 或few
修饰。
No pains, no gains. (不劳则无获。)
achieve; get; gain; obtain
【词义辨析】
“
”
四个词均可表示获得,但用法有一定的区别。
1 achieve
“
”
多指克服困难后取得胜利、成功,主要用于强调得到
某种结果。
He achieved his ambition in the end. (他最终实现了他的抱负。)
I have only achieved half what I hoped to do. (我的愿望只实现了
一半。)
2 get 用法最广,指以各种方式获得各种东西。
Where can I get enough water? (我从哪儿能得到足够的水呢?)
He got high marks in math and science. (他在数学和自然科学上
得了高分。)
3 gain 多指付出极大努力后,获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东
西。
We gained important information about the enemy's plans. (我们得
到了有关敌人计划的重要情报。)
They gained the victory after a bloody battle. (浴血奋战后他们赢
得了胜利。)
4 obtain 多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。
College students obtain knowledge through painstaking studies and
necessary practice. (大学生通过刻苦学习和必要的实践来获取知
识。)
He obtained what he had wanted to gain. (他获得了他原来想得到
的。)
across; cross
【词义辨析】
1 across
“
”
是介词,意思是横跨,穿过,通过。
They live across the Central Plaza .(他们住在中央广场的对
面。)
A little dog was killed when it ran across the street. (一条小狗在过
马路时被轧死了。)
2 cross
“
”
是及物动词,意思是跨越,越过,穿过,后面跟地点名
词作宾语。
She crossed the street with a big bag. (她挎着大包穿越马路。)
They have crossed over to Japan. (他们已东渡去日本了。)
注意 1 across
“……
”
还可以用作副词,表示
之宽,横过,横断。
The river is half a mile across. (江面宽半英里。)
We'll be soon across. (我们很快就会到达对岸。)
2 cross 除作动词外,还可以用作名词,也可与其他词构成合成
词,如crossroads(十字路口)、crossing(渡口,横道线)等。
Jesus died on the cross. (耶稣死在十字架上。)
The accident took place at a crossroads. (车祸发生在十字路
口。)
across; through; over
【词义辨析】
across、through 和over
“
……
都有从
通过/
”
穿过的意思,但用法不
同。
1 across 表示动作在某一物体的表面穿过。
They swam across the Yangtze River. (他们游过了长江。)
A cow ran across the street and rushed into the crowd. (一头牛穿过
街道冲向人群。)
2 through 表示动作在某一空间内进行,往往指穿过山谷、森
林、窗户等。
The river runs through the city. (这条河从这座城市中穿过。)
The car went through the road. (汽车穿过马路。)
3 over 指从上方跨越而过。
The policeman jumped over the wall. (警察从墙上跳过。)
Helicopters flew over the crowd. (直升机从人群上方飞过。)
act; action; deed
【词义辨析】
“
”
这三个名词均可表示行为。
1 act 一般用作可数名词,主要指具体的、短暂的、个体的行
为。
He lost his watch in the act of arresting the bootleggers. (在抓捕走
私犯的行动中,他把手表弄丢了。)
The boss caught the thief in the act of stealing his computer. (老板
在小偷正偷他的电脑时把他抓住了。)
2 action 较正式,往往指步骤较多且持续时间较长的行为或行
动,强调行为的过程。
He is regretting his action. (他对自己的行为感到很后悔。)
They have made a careful plan for this military action. (他们为此
次军事行动作了周密的计划。)
3 deed 指较为庄重的、显著的和感人的行为。
Deeds, not words, matter most. (行动,而不是言辞,至关重
要。)
His deeds do not agree with his words. (他言行不一。)
act; behave; perform
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者作动词都有行动,执行的意思。
1 act 强调行为的过程。
We should act immediately. (我们应该立即行动。)
I don't think she acted right. (我认为她做得欠妥。)
2 behave 强调行为举止。
The child behaved badly at the party. (那孩子在聚会上的表现很
差。)
Please behave yourself. (请礼貌点儿。)
3 perform
“
”
的意思是履行,执行。
The doctor is performing the operation. (医生正在进行手术。)
You should always perform what you promise. (你应永远履行你
的诺言。)
actual; real; true
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有真实的意思,但含义和用法有所不同。
1 actual
“
”
意为实际的,现实的,指所形容的事物在事实上已经
发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。
Can you tell me the actual state of affairs? (你能告诉我事情的真
实情况吗?)
What I have told you is an actual fact. (我告诉你的是事实。)
2 real
“
”
含有现实的,真实的之意,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
It's a real man, not a robot. (这是真人,不是机器人。)
We trust him because he is a real man. (我们相信他,因为他是个
真诚的人。)
3 true
“
”
表示真实的之意,指符合实际情况或合乎一般道理或标
准。
He's your mother. It's true. (他是你母亲,这是真的。)
The film is shot according to a true story. (这部电影是根据一个真
实的故事拍摄的。)
add; add to; add...to; add up to
【词义辨析】
1 add
“
”
“
”
有加,增加,添加等意思,又有补充说,又说的意思,
既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词。
Add the water into the milk. (把水加进牛奶里。)
“I won't give it up,” he added. (他补充说:“我不放弃。”)
2 add to
“
”
的意思是增加,增进。
This adds to our difficulties. (这增加了我们的困难。)
Three added to three makes six. (3 加3 等于6。)
3 add...to
“
……
……”
的意思是把
加到
,是把前一项加到后一项之后
或之中。
Will you add more water to your wine? (你的酒里要多加些水
吗?)
The joining of the young party member added fresh blood to the
Party. (年轻党员的加入增加了党的新鲜血液。)
4 add up to
“
……
”
的意思是合计达,总之就是
,意味着等。
The costs added up to 2,000 dollars. (费用总计为2 000 美元。)
These findings add up to a new concept of the Sun. (这些发现意味
着对太阳的新看法。)
admire; appreciate
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有赏识,欣赏,赞美之意,但有一定的区别。
1 admire 侧重于满意或是高兴地看待某些事物,还带有欣赏的
“
”
眼光,意思是赞赏,钦佩,羡慕,赞美,夸奖等。
We admire them for their bravery. (我们钦佩他们的勇气。)
We all admire the old doctor for her devotion to the cause of
medicine. (我们都对那位老医生为卫生事业奉献一生的精神十分钦
佩。)
2 appreciate 侧重于对某人或某事的高度赞许,相当于think
highly of。
She was appreciated everywhere. (她到处都受到赏识。)
Young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone
else. (小孩对现代图画往往比任何人都更有鉴赏力。)
admit; recognize; acknowledge
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者的含义较为接近,都有承认的意思。
1 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,
供认事实、错误等。
He admitted that he stole the car. (他承认偷了那辆小汽车。)
She admitted using a wrong method. (她承认使用了错误的方
法。)
She admitted to the crime. (她承认她的罪行。)
2 recognize 是指正式承认主权、权利等。
Mr.Wang was recognized as the legitimate representative of the
company. (王先生被认为是公司的合法代表。)
They recognized him to be the president of the United States. (他们
承认他是美国总统。)
3 acknowledge
“
”
着重公开承认,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的
事。
He acknowledged that he received the bribery. (他承认自己曾经受
贿。)
She acknowledged that she had been involved in the event. (她承认
自己卷入了那个事件。)
注意 acknowledge 接动词时要接动名词。
She acknowledged receiving assistance. (她承认接受过帮助。)
He acknowledged having been scouted. (他承认他被跟踪了。)
advice; suggestion; proposal
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都是名词,都有建议,意见的意思,但用法有所区别。
1 advice 指的是年长、有经验或有专长的人所提出的带有指点或
“
”
指教性的意见,建议,劝告。
If you take my advice, you'll get well. (如果你采纳我的建议,你
会痊愈的。)
I'll never forget the teacher's advice. (我永远也不会忘记老师给我
的忠告。)
2 suggestion 指的是针对某一问题,尤其是为解决困难或改进工
作提出的建议。
The scholars made a suggestion that the new municipal building
should not be set up in the center of the city. (学者们建议不要把新市
政大楼建在市中心。)
3 proposal 比advice 和suggestion 都要正式,是为了供他人考虑
或采纳而提出的建议。
Our proposal was approved by the committee. (我们的提议被委员
会批准了。)
Chinese government offered a proposal for peace at the United
Nations General Assembly. (中国政府在联合国大会上提出了和平建
议。)
注意 advice
“
”
“
作意见,建议讲时,为不可数名词,表示一条建
”
议要用a piece of advice
“
”
,表示一些建议用some advice。suggestion
“
”
则是可数名词,表示一条建议用a suggestion
“
”
,表示一些建议用
some suggestions。proposal 也是可数名词,如make a proposal for
peace(提出和平建议)。
advise; persuade; suggest; propose
【词义辨析】
四个动词意思有相近之处,但是具体表达的含义和用法有所区
别。
1 advise
“
”
“
”
的意思是劝告,建议,多指有经验的人的指点,强
调动作本身,不强调劝说、建议的结果。
He advises that all the children go to school free of charge. (他建议
所有的孩子上学都免费。)
He advised me to buy a house in the countryside. (他建议我在乡下
买房子。)
2 persuade
“
”
强调结果,表示成功地劝说或说服。
I advise my father to stop smoking, but I can't persuade him to do it.
(我劝我爸爸戒烟,但我说服不了他。)
We succeeded in persuading the enemy to put down their arms. (我
们成功说服敌军向我们投降。)
3 suggest 表示向某人建议、提议,后可接名词、代词、动名词以
及宾语从句等。接宾语从句时,谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
They suggested another teaching program to the school commission.
(他们向校委员会建议了另一项教学计划。)
I suggested that it should be quicker to travel by train. (我建议,坐
火车旅行要更快一些。)
4 propose 比advise 和suggest 都要正式,表示通过一定程序提出
“
”
供人批准采纳的提议,多用于书面语中,后跟名词、代词、动名
词、不定式或从句。接宾语从句时,谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
He proposed that the directorate should hold two meetings each year.
(他建议董事会应该一年召开两次会议。)
I propose a short tour before we begin the new term. (我建议在新
学期开始之前进行一次短途旅游。)
注意 suggest, propose, advise 后面接宾语从句时,谓语动词要用
虚拟语气。
The professor advised that we (should) make good use of every
minute here. (教授劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。)
I advised that he (should) write the composition carefully. (我劝他
要仔细写作文。)
He proposed that the government (should) take some measures to
protect the environment. (他提议政府应该采取措施保护环境。)
affair; business; matter; thing
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词均含有事情,事务的意思。
1 affair
“
”
以单数形式出现时,意为事情,事件,但以复数形式出
“
”
现时,则意为重大的事务,业务,工作,一般指商业事务及政府
的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。
The Foreign Ministry handles international affairs. (外交部处理的
是国际事务。)
The public are very interested in the superstar's love affair with the
president. (公众对那个超级明星和总统的绯闻很感兴趣。)
Seeing a film in a cinema is a happy affair. (在电影院看电影是件
令人愉快的事。)
2 business
“
”
作事务,事情解时,一般不用复数,business 所表
“
”
“
”
“
”
“
”
示的事情或事务多与职务有关,有时这个词指强加的任务,
也表示指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
We have business connections with that company. (我们和那家公
司有生意往来。)
He is the best designer in the business. (他是该行业里最好的设计
师。)
It is none of your business. (这事和你无关。)
3 matter
“
”
所表示的事情在含义上比较模糊,通常侧重指客观存
在的或有待处理的问题。
His death is not a matter of money but the social system. (他的死不
是钱的问题,而是社会制度的问题。)
What is the matter with the sewing machine? (这台缝纫机怎么
了?)
4 thing
“
”
意为事情,事物,不管大事小事、好事坏事均可称为
thing
,该词在含义上比matter 还要模糊。复数things
“
”
还可作形势
之义讲。
The most frightening thing was that not a sound could be heard. (最
为吓人的事情是一点声音也听不到。)
It was a stupid thing to lend money to the company. (把钱借给那
家公司是一件蠢事。)