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专题07 巧用定语从句
核心概念：什么是定语从句？
定语从句，就是一个句子充当“定语”，用来修饰一个名词或代词（即先行词）。
· 简单句: I know the boy. （我认识那个男孩。）
· 含定语从句的复合句: I know the boy who is playing basketball. （我认识那个正在打篮球的男
孩。）
· 先行词: the boy
· 定语从句: who is playing basketball
· 关系词: who (指代the boy，并在从句中作主语)
1. 定语从句的“骨架”：两大要素
一个完整的定语从句必须包含两个部分：
· 先行词： 被修饰的那个名词或代词。
· 关系词： 连接主句和从句的词语，它同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一个成分（如主语、宾语、
状语等）。
2. 关系词的选用
who 人 主语 或 宾语 The girl who won the prize is my sister. (作主语) The man who you met
is our principal. (作宾语)
whom 人 宾语 (通常可被who 替代或省略) The lady (whom/who) I admire most is my mother. (作宾
语，可省略)
whose 人或物 定语 (表示“...的”) That's the artist whose paintings are famous. I live in a room
whose window faces south.
which 物 / 事 主语 或 宾语 The book which is on the table is mine. (作主语) The movie
(which) we saw yesterday was great. (作宾语，可省略)
that 人或物 主语 或 宾语 He is the greatest man that I have ever seen. (作宾语) Anything that
can go wrong will go wrong. (作主语)
when 时间名词 (time, day 等) 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when we first met.
where 地点名词 (place, city 等) 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.
why 原因名词 (reason) 原因状语 That is the reason why I was late.
特殊考点：只用 that 的情况（口诀：不定代，序数最高级；人&物，全与唯一）
1. 先行词是不定代词时，如 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等。
· I am willing to do anything that might be helpful.
2. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
识写作指导
· This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
· He was the first person that arrived.
3. 先行词同时包含人和物时。
· We talked about the people and the things that we remembered.
4. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时。
· He is the only friend that I have.
技巧一：化零为整，提升句子层次感
写作中最忌讳的是通篇简单句。定语从句可以将两个相关的简单句合并成一个逻辑紧密的复合句。
· 平淡表达 (两个简单句):I have a friend. She loves collecting stamps.
· 升级表达 (定语从句):I have a friend who loves collecting stamps.
· 平淡表达:We visited a city last summer. The city is famous for its history.
· 升级表达:Last summer, we visited a city which/that is famous for its history.
技巧二：提供关键信息，使表达更具体
定语从句可以为抽象名词（如reason, way, feeling）或泛指名词提供具体内容，让读者一目了然。
· 模糊表达:I don't know the reason.
· 具体表达:I don't know the reason why he was so angry.
· 模糊表达:That was a wonderful experience.
· 具体表达:That was a wonderful experience that I will cherish forever.
技巧三：使用“非限制性定语从句”，增加补充信息
非限制性定语从句是对主句的补充说明，如果去掉，主句意思依然完整。书写时用逗号与主句隔开。
关系词不能用that。
· 功能： 相当于一个插入语，使文章信息量更丰富，读起来更流畅。
· 例句:
· My father, who is a doctor, will go abroad next month. (我父亲下个月要出国，他是一名医生。)
· I passed the exam, which made my parents very happy. (我通过了考试，这让我父母很高兴。)
· He went to Shanghai, where his grandparents live. (他去了上海，他的祖父母住在那里。)
技巧四：避免“头重脚轻”，学会使用分隔式定语从句
有时，为了保持句子平衡，避免主语部分过长（头重脚轻），会将定语从句与它所修饰的先行词分隔
开。
· 头重脚轻:The day when we finally achieved our goal came.
· 平衡优美:The day came when we finally achieved our goal.
一、单句语法填空30 题
1. This is the girl ______ helped me with my English yesterday.
练专项练习
2. The book ______ cover is blue is mine.
3. I still remember the day ______ we first met in the park.
4. This is the factory ______ my father has worked for 20 years.
5. He is the man ______ son won the first prize in the competition.
6. The reason ______ he was late for school is that he missed the bus.
7. We visited the city ______ many historical buildings are located.
8. She likes music ______ she can dance to.
9. The student ______ homework was not finished was criticized by the teacher.
10. I don’t know the person ______ you are talking about.
11. This is the place ______ I spent my childhood.
12. The film ______ we watched last night was very exciting.
13. He gave me a pen ______ writes very smoothly.
14. The teacher ______ teaches us math is very strict but kind.
15. The time ______ we can spend together is limited.
16. This is the museum ______ we visited during our trip.
17. The girl with ______ I went shopping yesterday is my cousin.
18. The story ______ he told us was very interesting.
19. This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived in.
20. The reason ______ he explained to us was not convincing.
21. We will never forget the years ______ we studied in high school.
22. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
23. He is the scientist ______ inventions have changed the world.
24. The city ______ I was born is a beautiful coastal city.
25. I know a boy ______ father is a famous doctor.
26. The song ______ we sang at the party was very popular.
27. This is the problem ______ we need to solve immediately.
28. The teacher ______ class we attended yesterday is from Beijing.
29. I will never forget the moment ______ I won the first prize.
30. The tree ______ leaves turn red in autumn is a maple tree.
二、长句翻译20 题
1. 那个在操场上打篮球的男孩是我的同桌。（who/that）
2. 我们应该尊敬那些为社会做出贡献的人。（who/that）
3. 你认识那个正在给学生们上课的女老师吗？（who/that）
4. 这是我昨天从书店买的那本英语词典。（which/that）
5. 他送给我的礼物是一个精美的笔记本。（which/that）
6. 能解决这个难题的方法很少。（which/that）
7. 我永远记得我第一次去北京的那一天。（when）
8. 这是我们去年夏天度假的地方。（where）
9. 他没有告诉我们他拒绝邀请的原因。（why）
10. 我的哥哥是一名医生，他在一家大型医院工作。（who）
11. 我们参观了长城，它是世界七大奇迹之一。（which）
12. 李明通过了考试，这让他的父母非常高兴。（which）
13. 我出生在1998 年，那一年发生了很多重大事件。（when）
14. 杭州是一座美丽的城市，很多游客都想去那里游览。（where）
15. 这就是我们讨论了很长时间的问题。（about which）
16. 他就是我刚才和你提到的那位教授。（to whom）
17. 我们应该学习那些古人留下的宝贵经验。（from which）
18. 正如我们所预料的那样，他在比赛中获得了第一名。（as）
19. 那个父母都是工程师的女孩学习非常努力。（whose）
20. 这是一座屋顶是红色的古老建筑。（whose）
