专题01 主语从句
一.概念：
在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代
替，而本身放在句子末尾。主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 +
谓语 + 其他成分”, 但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语
+ 其他成分”。
二. 引导词：引导主语从句的词有连词：that, whether, if;连接代词：what, whatever, who,
whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever; 连接副词：when, whenever, where,
wherever, how, however, why。
1. 连词that, whether, if 引导的主语从句
that 在主语从句中不作成分，没有意思，不能省略;whether 和if 虽不作句子的成分，但有
“是否”的意思，且if 引导的主语从句不能位于句首。
That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父
亲的影响。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever 引导的主语从句
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 在主语从句中起代
词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。
What surprised us was that he passed the driving test.使我们感到惊奇的是他通过了驾驶考
试。
Whatever I have is yours. 我所拥有的一切都是你的。
Who will go is not important. 谁将去是不重要的。
Whoever is here gets a prize. 不管谁来，都能获奖。
Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队将赢得比赛还不知道。
Whichever you choose is OK. 不论你选哪一个都行。
3. 连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why 引导的主语从句
when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why 在主语从句中起副词的作用，作状语，
有具体的意思且不能省略。
When we arrive doesn’t matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Whenever you come is OK. 你无论何时来都行。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
Wherever she wants to go is not allowed. 无论她想要去哪儿都是不被允许的。
How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。
However late you come doesn’t matter. 无论你来的有多晚都没关系。
Why he did it wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么做那件事是不清楚的。
4. 用it 作形式主语的主语从句
如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it 作形式主语，而把主语从
句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有：
It+is+
①
形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong,
important, certain, obvious, strange, natural 等。
That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all.
→It is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知
的。
Whether he will come or not is not clear.
→It is not clear whether /if he will come or not. 他是否要来还不清楚。
It+is+
②
名词+that…，常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no
wonder, good news, common knowledge 等。
It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam. 他没有通过考试真遗憾。
It is a wonder that he survived the crash. 他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much success. 难怪他取得如此大的成功。
It+is+
③
动词过去分词+that…，常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped,
thought, decided, ordered 等。
It is said that he is a famous writer. 据说他是位著名的作家。
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. 据报道今天下午有暴风雨。
It+
④
特殊动词+that…，常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to,
make a difference 等。
It seems that it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
It occurred to me that I didn’t close the window. 我突然想起我没有关窗户。
It+
⑤
使令性动词+sb.+that...，常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset 等。
It upset him a lot that he was fired. 他被解雇了使他很难过。
It surprised me that she brought up three children on her own.她独自抚养三个孩子使我感到吃
惊。
三、主语从句中应注意的问题
1、从句要用陈述语序
2、主谓一致
（1）从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
what 引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
（2）如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多
个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
四、主语从句不可位于句首的情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. （正确）
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （错误）
五、能力提升
①单句语法填空
1． Ada will win the prize or not is still unknown.
2． we release that inner power for success is what we need to learn.
3．But truly twisted her heart at that time, she said, was the backward and dangerous
practices of local midwives and the hardships faced by expectant mothers and newborns in
Jiaxian.
4．For students, benefits most to their learning is reading English books.
5．It’s quite obvious the aging population in China will cause a heavy pressure on the
whole society in the future.
6．It is estimated about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is
comprised of crops generated from Yuan’ hybrid strain.
7． it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a
matter of great debate.
8． we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
9．This painting is splendid, but we actually need it is a different matter.
10． is the most important to him is not his job, but his family.
②完成句子
11．The injured bird managed to fly again after treatment, and this is amazing. (用“名词性从
句”句式改写句子)
12．His neighbors organized a party for his birthday, and this touched the old man most. (用“名
称性从句”句式改写句子)
13．用what 引导的主语从句改写句子
You’ll be amazed at the architectural style and the masterpieces and treasures well preserved there.
14．你是否胜任这份工作取决于你自己。我希望你不要辜负你父母的期望。
. I hope you can live up to your parents’ expectations.
15．最让他们吃惊的是，他们甚至意外地看到一只北极熊带着它的孩子慢慢地走着。(what
引导的主语从句；spot+宾语+宾补)
was that by accident, they even with
its baby.
16．下了直升机后，小组首先做的是在离海岸150 码的地方搭建了一个营地。(what 引导的
主语从句)
After getting off the helicopter, was to set up a camp 150 yards from the
shore.
17． of Qomolangma before it took his life.
目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
18．重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读了什么书。(not… but…)
It is that counts.
19．你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你所能做的一切都是有帮助的。（“疑问词+-ever”引
导名词性从句）
Your support is very important to our work.
20．每天游泳对我们有很多好处。（主语从句）
does us a lot of good.
③翻译
21．令她喜忧参半的是，她将成年独立，再无家荫庇护。（what）
22．能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)
23．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 （what）
24．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)
25．人性化的设计和功能使这些环保型家居用品备受欢迎。（What）
26．我突然想到，我父亲教我的宝贵的一课肯定会指引我未来的道路。
27．直到那时我才明白，我们永远不该把爱视为理所当然，这催促我去感恩。（only 放句
首倒装）
28．对于失业者来说，重要的是保持积极的心态，不断学习，提升自己在就业市场上的竞
争力。(matter)
29．值得一提的是，当地政府正在积极采取措施，解决大学毕业生的就业问题，得到了市
民的高度赞誉。(What)
30．这些新推出的运动设备是否如广告宣传那样有所谓的保健功效，这仍有待观察。
(remain)
④阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing
the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 31 was
Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer
work. “It is 32 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.
To guarantee the 33 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 34 (plan) this year’s
Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a
fascinating event for visitors to absorb 35 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum.
Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 36 (bring) many
changes to the world’s 37 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old
director shared his idea about how to make traditional 38 (treasure) come alive again. “ 39
matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 40 people’s
daily lives,” he said.
