专题10 主谓一致（知识清单）
目录导航
01 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系
02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点
考点一 语法一致
知识点1 语法一致基本用法
知识点2 语法一致拓展用法
考点二 意义一致
知识点1 意义一致基本用法
知识点2 意义一致拓展用法
考点三 就近一致
知识点1 就近一致基本用法
知识点2 就近一致拓展用法
03 优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用
高考真题（主谓一致）
名校模拟（主谓一致）
易混对比（主谓一致10 组20 例）
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点一 被动语态
考点一 语法一致
知识点1 语法一致基本用法
1.the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of 表示“若干，许多”，谓语用
_____。
The number of teenagers taking traditional dance classes grows rapidly these years.
学习传统舞蹈课程的青少年数量近几年增长十分迅速。
A number of citizens choose new energy vehicles to cut daily carbon emissions.
许多市民选择新能源汽车，以此减少日常生活中的碳排放。
2. one of …后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用__________。
She is one of the athletes who take part in national traditional sports matches.
她是参加全国传统体育赛事的运动员之一。
He is the only one of engineers who designs core parts for lunar rovers.
他是工程师中唯一设计月球车核心零部件的科研人员。
3.不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用__________。
Reciting ancient poems helps us understand Chinese culture.
背诵古诗帮助我们理解中华文化。
To develop artificial intelligence drives social progress.
发展人工智能推动社会进步。
Whether you stick to painting decides your artistic level.
你是否坚持作画决定你的艺术水平。
4.分数、百分数等修饰名词时，谓语与修饰的名词单复数__________。
Three fifths of the athletes take daily training seriously.
五分之三的运动员认真对待日常训练。
90 percent of green energy reduces air pollution greatly.
百分之九十的清洁能源大幅减少空气污染。
知识点2 语法一致拓展用法
1.most, the rest 等修饰名词,谓语与修饰的名词单复数__________。
Most of the young athletes spend at least six hours on daily professional training.
大部分青年运动员每天至少投入六小时进行专业训练。
The rest of the precious ancient silk is safely stored in the city’s main museum.
剩余珍贵古丝绸都被妥善存放在这座城市的主博物馆内。
2.a large quantity/amount of…作主语，谓语动词用__________；large quantities/amounts of…作主
语，谓语动词用__________。
A large amount of clean power helps cut pollution in crowded modern industrial cities.
大量清洁能源助力拥挤现代工业城市减少废气污染。
Large quantities of green plants improve air quality in busy downtown communities.
大批量绿植改善繁华城市中心居民社区的空气环境质量。
3. all, both, each, every, either, neither, none 等代词作主语，谓语单复数_______________。
Both carry the long-standing charm of traditional Chinese calligraphy art.
二者都承载着中国传统书法艺术源远流长的独特韵味。
Each shoulders the important duty of developing deep space exploration projects.
每个人都肩负着发展深空探测科研项目的重要使命。
易错提醒：each 作同位语时，谓语应与主语保持一致。
The students each have a locker. 学生们每人有一个储物柜。
4.and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用__________；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概
念时，谓语动词用__________。由and 连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no 修饰
时， 其谓语要用__________。
New energy and AI technology change people’s ways of living step by step.
新能源与人工智能逐步改变人们日常生产生活的方式。
Bread and butter is the basic daily supply for every lab technical worker.
面包牛奶是每位实验室技术人员最基础的日常伙食。
Each athlete and each coach sticks to strict training rules all year round.
每位运动员与每位教练全年恪守严苛规范的训练准则。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Swimming with dolphins (be) one of the world's most profitable
tourist activities.
2．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Eating too much junk food (associate) with an increased risk of
heart disease.
3．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Nothing but hard work and persistence (lead) us to final success in
our growth journey.
4．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）We each (have) a different point of view. Each of us
(have) got something to say.
5．（24-25 高一上·海南·期末）Two-thirds of the crop (damage) during the storm yesterday.
6．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）Up to now, two thirds of the project (finish).
7．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）Many a teacher (be) present at the meeting yesterday afternoon.
8．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）Twothirds of the school with snow and the majority of the
students (be) eager to have a snow fight with their classmates.
9．（25-26 高一上·江苏常州·阶段检测）Two thirds of the population (schedule) to have access to
free medical care provided by the government.
10．（25-26 高二上·河南郑州·阶段检测）To communicate with foreign tourists fluently (require) a
lot of daily practice of oral English.
考点二 意义一致
知识点1 意义一致基本用法
1.family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience 等集体名词强调整体谓语用__________，强调
成员谓语用__________。
The dance team wins high praise for its show of national traditional folk dances.
这支舞蹈队凭借民族民间舞节目收获各界高度赞誉。
The committee share different ideas to solve technical space research problems.
委员会成员各抒己见，共同攻克航天科研各类技术难题。
2. people, police, cattle, oxen 等集体名词作主语，谓语动词必须用__________。
The police work hard to keep safe order for science and art exhibitions.
警方全力维护科技展与艺术展会现场的安全秩序。
Cattle provide power for the old farming ways in traditional mountain villages.
在传统山村，牛群为古老耕作方式提供劳作动力。
知识点2 意义一致拓展用法
1. sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根
据其意义或限定词决定__________。
This means helps people better inherit thousands of years of folk culture.
这种方式帮助人们更好传承绵延千年的民间传统文化。
Many rare species rely on well-protected natural green ecological environments.
众多珍稀物种依赖保护完好的自然绿色生态环境生存。
2. the +形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用__________。如the rich, the poor, the
brave, the injured, the living, the wounded 等。
The aged pass down paper-cut, opera and other traditional folk arts to youth.
老一辈人把剪纸、戏曲等传统民间技艺传授给年轻一代。
The injured get timely care while visiting cultural and science exhibition halls.
参观文博科技馆时受伤人员都会得到及时妥善照料。
易错提醒：若 “the + 形容词” 表示抽象概念（而非一类人），则谓语用__________。
例：The beautiful brings people peace through ancient paintings and soft traditional music.
美，通过古画与轻柔民乐带给人们内心平和。
3. 24years, New York Times 等名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动
词常用__________。
Fifty years witnesses great changes in new energy and AI technological industry.
五十年见证新能源与人工智能产业发生的巨大变革。
Two hundred miles links many ancient villages with splendid farming culture.
两百英里串联起众多拥有灿烂农耕文明的古老村落。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Whether she will join us ____________ (depend) on her schedule.
2．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）What the children need ____________ (be) more love and care.
3．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）The number of volunteers who offer help ____________ increasing rapidly
these years.
4．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Every boy and every girl in our class ____________ (hope) to realize their
own dreams in the future.
5．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Five kilometers ____________ (seem) a long distance for teenagers to walk
on foot at one time.
6 ．（26-27 高一· 全国· 暑假作业）The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake
____________ (be) more than 400,000.
7．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）The rich are for the plan, while the poor ____________ against it.(be)
8．（25-26 高一下·福建漳州·期中）So far, more than 100,000 yuan ____________ (raise) to help those in need.
9．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）Look! Those cattle ____________ (eat) grass on the hill now.
10．（25-26 高二上·山东济宁·阶段检测）Large quantities of money ____________ (spend) on the project since
last year.
考点三 就近一致
知识点1 就近一致基本用法
1.并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语
应与最近的主语_______________。
Either a painter or a musician introduces folk art to teenagers in our school.
要么画家要么音乐人在校为青少年讲解民间传统艺术。
Not only AI but also new energy brings great changes to people’s daily lives.
人工智能和新能源都给人们日常生活带来巨大改变。
2. There be 句型及The following 句型语应与最近的主语_______________。
There is one spaceship and several research labs on this aerospace base.
这座航天基地有一艘载人飞船和多间科研实验室。
There are hundreds of engineers and one expert testing new rocket materials.
数百名工程师和一位专家正在测试火箭新型材料。
The following are several young astronauts and a senior space researcher.
下面是几位青年宇航员和一位资深航天科研工作者。
知识点2 就近一致拓展用法
主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than,
including, like, but, except 等，谓语动词在人称与数上应与其_______________。
This painter as well as many young learners loves ancient Chinese landscape art.
这位画家和众多青年学子都热爱中国传统山水绘画。
Every athlete except one coach takes part in the national traditional sports meet.
除一位教练外，所有运动员都参加这场全国传统体育盛会。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Neither the teacher nor the students (know) the answer to the
question.
2．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Not only the students but also the teacher (enjoy) the movie.
3．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Not only can reading broaden our horizons, but also it (enrich) our
inner world greatly.
4．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）There (be) a book and two pens on the desk just now.
5．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the
picture.
6．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）In my opinion, it is not the passengers but the driver who (be) to
blame.
7．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）There (be) not only a swimming pool but also a lot of fruit trees in
the big yard.
8．（25-26 高二下·全国·随堂练习）Neither Mary nor her parents (inform) of the exciting
news so far, which surprises us a lot.
9．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）There (be) an old temple and some ancient trees on the top of the
mountain.
10．（25-26 高一·全国·寒假作业）In the conference room (be) the manager or his assistants, ready to
answer questions.
优题精练·专题实战通关
高考真题分类精炼（被动语态）
1. (2026 全国二卷）In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I
__________ (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.
2. (2025 全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ___________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are
exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
3. （2025 北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes
___________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
4. (2025 天津6 月卷改编）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who (award) for their
extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
5. (2025 全国二卷）And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine
scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them.
6. (2025 全国一卷）A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two
points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
7.（2024 新课标I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for the first time.
8.（2024 新课标II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo
and Juliet.”
9. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
10. （2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion,
____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
11.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
12.（2023 天津6 月卷改编）The wooden tower that _________(restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the
work is almost finished.
13.（2021 浙江1 月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
14.（2021 浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect
order.
15.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
名校模拟分类精炼（主谓一致）
1．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Climbing mountains (be) really difficult for the old.
2．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）What he needs most more patience and confidence in daily study
and life.
3．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Neither my friends nor I (be) willing to give up our dreams easily in
daily life.
4．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）Spending too much time online (be) harmful to students’ physical
and mental health.
5．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）A pair of glasses (be) lost on the playground yesterday afternoon.
6．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）The audience (be) so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the
great hall.
7．（25-26 高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Physics, as well as other natural sciences, (boost) our
understanding of the universe.
8．（26-27 高一·全国·暑假作业）Reading widely enriches our minds and (strength) our ability to
analyze complex problems in daily life.
9．（25-26 高二下·广东东莞·期中）It is a person’s attitude toward challenges, rather than his current level of
skill, that (determine) how far he will go.
10．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）His family (plan) a summer tip to the mountains together ever
since the Spring Festival, but now the family (be) busy preparing their luggage and travel supplies.
11．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）What matters most to the students (be) their final exam results,
while what lie on the teacher’s desk (be) the marked papers.
12．（25-26 高一下·吉林长春·期中）As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers
(award) at the meeting the other day.
13．（25-26 高一下·江苏·期中）With the development of technology, a large quantity of problems that used to
be difficult to deal with (solve) by scientists recently.
14．（25-26 高二下·广东深圳·阶段检测）Artificial intelligence, along with robotics, (revolutionize)
modern healthcare over the past few years.
15．（25-26 高一下·江苏南京·阶段检测）Not only the colors of the painting but also the technique used by the
artist (matter) to art critics.
16．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）Many a student (be) selected to take part in the English
competition, and more than one teacher (have) coached them on speaking and writing.
17．（25-26 高一下·全国·课后作业）The father as well as his children (go) skating on the frozen
river every Sunday in winter.
18．（25-26 高一上·湖南长沙·期末）The young boy, along with his best friends, (look) for his lost
puppy under the old tree when some strange sound came from the thick bushes behind them.
19．（25-26 高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Tom, together with his classmates, (prefer) to explore nature
rather than stay at home during vacations.
20．（25-26 高三·全国·二轮复习）Among them (be) Adzwin Puteri Faizal, a petite young woman,
who is a part of the locally renowned Yong Jun Lion Dance Association.
重点语法对比训练（主谓一致）
Group 1
1.More than one person ______________(pass) the exam up to now.
2.More than one hundred persons______________(pass) the exam up to now.
Group 2
3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ (use) regularly. Now we have 60
working all day long.
4.One-third of the country ____________ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens ____________ (be)
black people.
Group 3
5. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.
6. The following _______ (be) the specific information about the match.
Group 4
7.This kind of these apples ________(be) sweet.
8. Apples of this kind ________(be) very sweet.
Group5
9.A large amount of grain _________(eat) by birds up to now.
10.Large amounts of grain _________(eat) by birds up to now.
Group 6
11.The old____________ (take) good care of by the government in China.
12.The beautiful____________ (enjoy) by all people in the world.
Group 7
13.Not only Tom but also his sisters____________ (be) fond of watching TV.
14. ____________(be) not only Tom but also his sisters fond of watching TV?
Group 8
15.Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now.
16.The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who________ (be) all experts in medicine.
Group 9
17.Although the first part of the book is easy, the rest____________ (be) difficult.
18.Some of the students are playing basketball while the rest____________ (play) football.
Group 10
