必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND
THE
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.billion num.
十亿
2.bone n.
骨头;骨(质)
3.shell n.
壳;壳状物
4.carve vt.& vi.
雕刻
5.dynasty n.
王朝;朝代
6.calligraphy n.
书法;书法艺术
7.semester n.
学期
8.petrol n.(NAmE gas)
汽油
9.subway n.(BrE underground)
地铁
10.apartment n.(especially NAmE)
公寓套房
11.pants n.[pl.](BrE)
内裤;短裤;裤子
12.gap n.
间隔;开口;差距
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a native of London
一位伦敦的本地人
2.the positive attitude
积极的态度
3.the education system
教育体系
4.despite all her efforts
尽管她竭尽全力
5.the key factor
关键的因素
6.the symbol of freedom
自由的象征
7.the regional dialect
地方方言
8.means of communication
交流方式
9.regard me as a child
把我当成小孩
10.the main character
主角
11.global affairs
全球事务
12.specific needs
特定的需求
13.a fierce struggle
激烈的搏斗
14.the mother tongue
本国语言
15.a begging letter
求援信
16.English vocabulary
英语词汇
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.refer vi.
提到;参考;查阅
vt.
查询;叫……求助于
reference n.
指称关系;参考
2.base vt.
以……为据点;以……为基础
n.
底部;根据
based adj.
以(某事)为基础的;
以……为重要部分(或特征)的
basic adj.
基本的;基础的
basically adv.
从根本上说
basis n.
准则;方式;基础
3.variety n.
(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
vary v.
不同;变化;改变
various adj.
不同的;各种各样的
4.major adj.
主要的;重要的;大的
n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究
majority n.
大多数;大半
5.classic adj.
传统的;最优秀的;典型的
n.
经典作品;名著
classical adj.
古典的;经典的;传统的
6.global adj.
全球的;全世界的
globe n.
球体;地球仪;地球
globally adv.
全球地
7.appreciate vt.
欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
appreciation n.
欣赏;感激;感谢
8.equal n.
同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的
equality n.
平等;相等
equally adv.
同样地;相等地;平均地
9.demand n.
要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
demanding adj.
苛求的;要求高的;费力的
10.description n.
描写(文字);形容
describe vt.
描述
11.relate vt.
联系;讲述
related adj.
有关系的;有关联的
relation n.
关系;亲属
relative n.
亲戚;同类事物 adj.相对的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.relate to
与……相关;涉及;谈到
2.refer to
指的是;描述;提到;查阅
3.date back (to...)
追溯到
4.play a(n)...role in
起着……的作用
5.feel like
感觉像
6.lead to
导致
7.used to
过去常常
8.be connected with
和……有联系
9.point of view
观点;看法
10.ups and downs
浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided
geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
(when 引导定语从句)
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成了不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而导致不
同的方言和汉字变体的产生。
2.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
(be+of+抽象名词)
这一书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
3.Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still
communicate in writing.
(“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4.The more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow. (the more...the more...)
我对一门语言学得越多,我的智力就增长得越快。
5.When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the
grammar would not stay in my head.
(心理描写)
当我开始学习德语时,那真是一场挣扎。单词在舌尖里说不出来,感觉很奇怪,语法也无法往脑子里
记。
构词法日积月累
词尾为-ic 的形容词变副词
加-ally
basic 基本的;根本的→basically 基本上;根本上 specific 具体的→specifically 具体地
systematic 系统的→systematically 系统地
automatic 自动的→automatically 自动地
enthusiastic 热情的→enthusiastically 热情地scientific 科学的→scientifically 科学地
symbolic 象征性的→symbolically 象征性地
特殊变化
public 公开的→publicly 公众地
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于(reference n.指称关系;参考;提及,涉及;参考书目)
【佳句背诵】
Obviously,it is highly recommended to refer to Xinhua Dictionary when you come across a challenging
Chinese character.
(建议信)
显然,当你遇到一个有挑战性的汉字时,强烈建议你参考新华字典。
refer to
指的是;描述;提到;查阅
refer...to...
把……送交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as...
把……称作……
in/with reference to
关于
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter the editor.
②Generally,the paper-cuts are used to decorate doors and windows,and thus sometimes
Window Flower/Chuanghua.
(传统文化)
剪纸通常用于装饰门窗,因此有时被称为窗花。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③I am writing to ask for information
what kinds of traditional Chinese
cultures appeal to foreigners most.
(求助信;2021·全国甲卷)我写信想了解关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的相关信息。
[点津] refer 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为:referred、referred、referring。
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据[based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分
(特征)的 basic adj.基本的;基础的 basis n.准则;方式;基础 basically adv.从根本上说;基本上]
【佳句背诵】
The play is based on a love story between Niulang,an ordinary boy on earth and Zhinü,a weaving girl in
Heaven.
该剧以人间一个普通男孩牛郎和天上织女之间的爱情故事为基础。
base...on/upon...
把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...
以……为基础
on a daily/regular basis
每天/定期
on the basis of
在……的基础上
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①On the (base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the
position.
②Knowing that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend,I am writing to inform you of
.(建议信)
得知这个周末你要拜访中国家庭,我写信是想告诉你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③Firstly,your grouping strategy
, rather than careful pairing
where a weak student is grouped with a stronger one.
(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
首先,您的分组策略是基于随机性的,而不是仔细配对,将一个较弱的学生与一个较强的学生分在一
组。
3.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修,专门研究
(majority n.大多数;大半)
【佳句背诵】
Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major in calligraphy at university in the future.
受到汉字之美的启发,我将来会在大学里主修书法。
major in
主修……
a/the majority of
大多数
in a/the majority
占大多数
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Students,feeling nervous before an exam are in majority.
②Some people gave up halfway,but
made it to the
finishing line.
(报道)
有些人中途放弃了,但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③China has experienced exceptional economic growth over the past decades.Its GDP has climbed
sharply,and the country
in global trade and investment.
(现象介
绍;2024·北京卷)
在过去的几十年里,中国经济经历了前所未有的增长。其GDP 激增,中国已成为全球贸易和投资的
主要伙伴。
4.means n.方式;方法;途径
【佳句背诵】
You’d better practice using chopsticks in advance,which is also a means of showing your good table
manners.
(建议信)
你最好事先练习用筷子,这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
a means of
一种……的方法(means 单复数同形)
by all means
可以;当然行;没问题
by means of
借助……手段;依靠……方法
by no means
绝不,无论如何也不,一点都不
(置于句首时,句子要部分倒装)
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Ancient people recorded what had happened means of carving varieties of symbols with
specific meanings onto shells or bones.
②
without your generous help and guidance.
(倒装句)没有你的慷慨帮助和指导,我决不能提高我的英语水平。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③As senior students,we can protect oceans in our own way.First,
, which
has become a great threat to sea creatures.
(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)
作为高中生,我们可以用自己的方式保护海洋。首先,尽一切办法与全球变暖作斗争,全球变暖已经
成为对海洋生物的巨大威胁。
片段巩固用refer;base;major;means 完成活动介绍的片段
活动介绍之写作提示:我们基于清代主要绘画大师创建了一个演示文稿→参考了各种
历史文献→使用其作品作为介绍他们的一种手段→老师强调项目应该基于准确的事
实→帮助我们理解可靠来源的重要性
5.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
(appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢 appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的)
【佳句背诵】
I would really appreciate your replying to me at your earliest convenience.
如果你能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth
喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...
如果……我将不胜感激。
express/convey one’s appreciation
表达某人的感激之情
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I’m writing to convey my (appreciate) for what you have done for me during my stay in
London.
(感谢信)
②
on how to improve my oral English.
(求助信)
如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的实用建议,我将非常感激。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③This outdoor art class not only allowed me to
around us but also taught
me to see ordinary things with a new perspective.
(活动介绍;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
这次户外美术课不仅让我欣赏到了周围的自然之美,还教会了我用新的视角看待普通的事物。
6.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
【佳句背诵】
Weak as she was,she struggled to her feet,continuing searching for assistance.
(动作描写)
尽管很虚弱,她挣扎着站起来,继续寻找帮助。
struggle for...
为……而斗争/奋斗
struggle with/against sb/sth
与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth
努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet
挣扎着站起来
it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth
(对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I am struggling (understand) the complex characters in this book and could you help me
to interpret them?
②
that accurately reflect his intended meaning.
(语言学习)
对他来说,选择能够准确传递他想要表达的意思的词语是很困难的。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③Still,she made no attempt to fly.Perhaps
too long and was too tired? Or
too thirsty?
(动作描写;2023·浙江1 月卷)
然而,她并没有尝试飞走。也许是因为她已经在窗户上挣扎太久而累了?或者是太渴了?
7.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的;平等的;相当的;能胜任的 vt.与……相等,等于;比得
上(equality n.平等;相等 equally adv.同样地;相等地;平均地)
【佳句背诵】
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. (申请信)
我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。
be without equal=have no equal
无与伦比
be equal to sth/doing sth
等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth
在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
【以练促学】
一句多译
①在我看来,他在打篮球方面是无与伦比的。
→From my point of view,he
in playing basketball.
→From my point of view,he
in playing basketball.
→From my point of view,no one
in playing basketball.
【教考衔接】
单句写作
②More importantly,it guarantees that students with varying communication abilities
.
(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
更重要的是,它确保具有不同交流能力的学生有平等的机会来发展他们的语言技巧。
8.demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.苛求的;要求高的)
【佳句背诵】
As new members are in demand in our basketball club,I’m writing to invite you to join it.
(邀请
信)
由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员,我写信是想邀请你加入。
be in (great) demand
需求量大
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s)
满足某人的需求
demand to do sth
要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可省略)
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The (demand) teacher expects all assignments to be submitted on time and perfectly
done.
② , my uncle demanded that
in case we could get lost.为了满足我的需求,
我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走,以防迷路。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③Because picking apples involved climbing trees,the farmers demanded that
.
(活动介绍;2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
片段巩固用appreciate;struggle;equal;demand 完成人物描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:丽莎感到不知所措→她要努力按时完成她的项目→老师的要求很
高→她觉得自己难以胜任→朋友们伸出援手→感激他们的支持→丽莎设法完成了她
的项目
二、一词多义
1.regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ n.尊重(生义);关注;问候(生义) vt.把……视为;看待
①Many people regard her as the best musician of our time due to her outstanding performances.
②I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved.
③Please give my regards to your parents.
④He showed great regard for the environment by recycling and conserving water regularly.
2.relate to 与……相关;涉及;谈到;理解(生义)
①Many adults can’t relate to children.
②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
③I’d like to share with you some details which relate to Chinese table manners.
3.character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ n.文字;符号;角色;品质(生义);特点(生义)
①The Chinese language has thousands of unique characters,each with its own meaning and
pronunciation.
②The password must include at least one special character,such as an exclamation mark(感叹号).
③Each region of the country has its own distinct character,reflected in its culture and traditions.
④The character of a true friend includes loyalty,kindness,and support.
⑤The character of Harry Potter is beloved by millions of fans around the world.
4.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程(生义);主修学生(生义) vi.主修;专门研究(生义)
①In fact,he inspires me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world.
②I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history
as my major in college.
③Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(2024·新课标Ⅱ
卷)
④As an engineering major,he spends a lot of time in the lab working on various projects.
5.native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人
Lisa is a native ① of Australia,born and raised in Sydney.As a native ② English speaker,she helps her
friends improve their language skills.On weekends,she enjoys visiting native ③ markets where she buys
fresh produce from local farmers.Lisa also loves learning about the native ④ traditions of the Aboriginal
people,who are the original inhabitants of Australia.
6.classic adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著
The classic ① novels we read in literature class are always interesting.Our teacher says that these books
are considered the most excellent works because of their timeless stories and characters.She explains that
a classic ② example of bravery is seen in the book To Kill a Mockingbird.After class,I enjoy watching a
movie,which is a classic ③ from the 1950s,appreciating its historical value.
7.tongue n.舌头;语言(生义)
During the biology lesson,we learned that the tongue ① helps us taste food and speak clearly.Later in the
language class,we discussed how the word tongue can also mean a language.For example,English is my
native tongue ②.It was interesting to see how one word can have two different meanings.
三、写作迁移
1.句型公式:be+of+抽象名词
课本原句:That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一
书写体系对于中国人民和中国文化的统一具有重要意义。
【佳句背诵】
From my point of view,keeping the balance between online learning and our life is of great importance.
(发言稿;2021·全国乙卷)
在我看来,保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。
“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有
importance、value、use、help、benefit、significance 等,这些名词可用great、little、some、any、
no、not、much 等修饰,用以说明程度。
【以练促学】
同义句转换/单句写作
①The majority of students consider that watching English movie is beneficial to their English learning.
→The majority of students consider that watching English movie
their English learning.
②The advice you gave us
, without which we couldn’t have achieved our
dreams.
(感谢信)
你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③Furthermore,guzheng
, leading you to a fantastic world of music.
(传统文化;2021·全国甲卷)
此外,古筝对中国民间音乐有着重要的意义,它将引领你进入一个奇妙的音乐世界。
④I hope these suggestions above
.Perhaps,we can meet in
Beijing.
(建议信;北京卷)
我希望以上这些建议能对你有所帮助。也许我们可以在北京见面。
2.句型公式: “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
课本原句:Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still
communicate in writing.
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【佳句背诵】
Whenever/No matter when you need help,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without
hesitation.
(建议信)
无论你何时需要帮助,我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
no matter where/what 在句中引导让步状语从句。
(1)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever 既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步
状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
【以练促学】
单句写作
①I learned from the experience that
,we should try our best to solve them.
(主旨升华)
我从这次经历中了解到,无论遇到什么困难,我们都应该努力解决。
②
should immediately hand it in to Mr.Johnson,our science teacher.
(寻物启事)
谁如果找到了实验室的丢失钥匙,请立即交给我们的科学老师约翰逊先生。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③
, I think of the cold,wet and unforgettable evening when a stranger
offered his trust and kindness to me!
(主旨升华;2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
无论什么时候我看到这张照片,我就会想起那个寒冷、潮湿而又令人难忘的夜晚,一位陌生人给予我
信任和善意!
【能力突破练】
维度一 单元知识运用
1.The (major) of experts agree that regular exercise contributes significantly to mental
health.
2.Often working late into the night,he struggles (find) a balance between work and
personal life.
3.Only a few students feel equal to (give) a presentation in front of the entire school,as it
requires a lot of courage and preparation.
4.Parents demand (have) a more active role in the development of the school’s curriculum
to better reflect their children’s needs.
5.His contribution is of great (significant) in advancing our understanding of
environmental science.
6. life takes you,always remember the lessons learned and friendships forged during your
school years.
7.For further details on the science project,please refer the guidelines provided in the
student handbook.
8.The novel is based a true story from the author’s own experiences during the war.
9.The teacher explained complex physics concepts means of simple experiments and
visual aids.
10.I would appreciate if you could confirm your attendance at the conference by next
week.
维度二 单元知识拾遗
1.
inspired everyone in her class.
她克服挑战的积极态度激励了班上的每一个人。
2.Every career , but persistence will lead to success.
每一份职业都有其浮沉,但坚持会带来成功。
3.The tradition of celebrating this festival .
庆祝这个节日的传统可以追溯到古代。
4.
flowers displayed at the botanical garden.
植物园展出了各种各样的花。
5.The child
for his birthday.
孩子恳求他的父母在他生日那天给他买一辆新自行车。
6. , which makes him an excellent writer.
他有超过10,000 个词汇量,这使得他成为一名出色的作家。
7.The beauty of the sunset at the beach
.
海滩上日落的美景无法形容。
8.When I was a little girl,I
with my grandfather.
当我还是个小女孩的时候,我经常和我的爷爷去钓鱼。
维度三 单元话题写作(建议信——语言学习)
假定你在某外语学习交流网站看到很多外国友人发帖,寻求提高汉语的建议。请你写一篇帖文,
提出一些实用的建议。
第一步 根据单元知识写美句
1.对于那些觉得学好中文是件难事的人,我的建议可能有所帮助。
(struggle;定语从句)
2.正如其他的语言学习一样,学习汉语也需要练习。
(demand;定语从句)
3.阅读与汉语相关的书籍至关重要。
(be+of+抽象名词;relate to)
4.多和当地人交流。因为你与当地人用汉语交流得越多,你就会说得越流利。(native;because 引导表
语从句;the more...the more...)
5.除此之外,同样重要的是看一些中文电影或电视节目。(equally;表语放于句首的倒装句)
6.无论学习汉语有什么困难,都要有积极的态度。
(attitude;no matter what)
第二步 连句成篇创佳作
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
1.语料积累
单
词
fascinating adj.迷人的
demanding adj.要求高的
gradually adv.渐渐地
patiently adv.耐心地
slowly adv.慢慢地
journey n.旅程
challenge n.挑战
reward n.回报
determination n.决心
passion n.热情
success n.成功
communicate v.交流
improve v.提高
master v.掌握
struggle v.奋斗
practice v.练习
词
块
both challenging and rewarding
既充满挑战又收获颇丰
unfamiliar words
陌生的单词
grammar rules 语法规则
give up 放弃
communicate with native speakers
与母语人士交流
language learning journey
语言学习之旅
overcome challenges
克服挑战
gain rewards
获得回报
practice regularly
经常练习
expand vocabulary
扩充词汇
understand grammar
理解语法
靓
句
1.Gradually,my determination paid off.
渐渐地,我的决心得到了回报。
2.The real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and understand most of it.
真正的成功是当我终于能看一部法语电影并理解大部分内容的时候。
3.This experience taught me that with determination and passion,mastering a new language
is possible.
这次经历告诉我,只要有决心和热情,掌握一门新语言是可能的。
2.场景片段训练(语言学习的历程:既充满挑战又收获颇丰)
I started a language learning journey that was ①
(既充满挑战又收获颇丰的).② (我对法语的兴趣) began in a classroom
filled with posters of Paris and the sound of unfamiliar words.I remember struggling with pronunciation
and grammar rules,often mixing them up.However,③ (我从未放弃).I
practiced daily,listened to French songs,and even ④
(尝试与母语人士交流) online.Gradually,⑤ (我的决心得到了回报).The
real success was when I could finally watch a French movie and ⑥ (大部分
都能理解).This experience taught me that with determination and passion,⑦
(掌握一门新语言是可能的).
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m” and “a” to the rare
clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A
ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds
that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found
how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对
齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper
teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the
Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work
and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few
thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human
beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained
stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find
today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said
Steven Moran,a member of the research team.
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
思维建模
推理判断题——深层次的阅读理解题
解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信
息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文
推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意
图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题等。
以例示法(如32 题)
本题为细节推理题,根据第二段最后一句可知,Damián Blasi 领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是
如何以及为什么会出现的。由此推断,他们的研究集中在语音的发展上,故选D 项。
积阅读单词
垒主题词块
Para.2:note v.指出,特别提到;trend n.趋
势;Para.5:confirm v.尤指提供证据来证
实;global adj.全球的;Para.6:present adj.存
在
Para.1:lead to 导致;Para.3:touch sth to sth 把某物贴着某物;Para.4:be
connected with 与……有关;at this point 在这个时期;Para.6:the
popular view 普遍的观点;remain stable 保持稳定;the huge variety of
种类繁多的……
析
长
难
语
句
Para.2:More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such
as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.
[句式分析] 这是一个复合句。第一个that 引导宾语从句,其中过去分词短语called labiodentals 作
speech sounds 的后置定语;such as“f”and“v”为插入语,对labiodentals 进行补充说明。第二个that 引导定
语从句,修饰先行词societies。
[尝试翻译]
[语言赏析] 该句通过清晰的逻辑结构和简洁的写法,成功传达了查尔斯·霍克特关于唇齿音与社会饮
食习惯之间关系的研究发现。举例说明增强了论述的说服力,而简洁明了的表达方式则使信息易于理
解和接受。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1 热考词汇
1.①to ②they are referred to as ③in/with reference to
2.①basis ②some basic table manners
③is based on/upon randomness
3.①a/the ②a/the majority of the participants
③has become a major partner
4.①by ②By no means can I improve my English
③try every means to fight against global warming
片段巩固
We created a presentation based on major characters in drawing during the Qing Dynasty.We
referred to various historical texts and employed their works as a means to better introduce them.Our
teacher emphasized that our project should be grounded in accurate facts,helping us understand the
importance of reliable sources.
5.①appreciation ②I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical advice ③appreciate
the natural beauty
6.①to understand ②It is a struggle for him to choose the right words ③she had been struggling
with/against the window
7.①is without equal;has no equal;is equal him ②have equal opportunities/chances to develop their
language skills
8.①demanding ②To meet/satisfy my demands;my father and I keep to the track ③we (should) be
cautious and careful
片段巩固
Lisa felt overwhelmed as she struggled to complete her project on time.Her teachers’ demands were
high,and she didn’t feel equal to the task.However,her friends stepped in to help,and she appreciated
their support.With their assistance,Lisa managed to finish her project.
No.2 一词多义/熟词生义
1.①vt.把……视为;看待 ②n.尊重 ③n.问候 ④n.关注
2.①理解 ②谈到 ③与……相关;涉及
3.①n.文字 ②n.符号 ③n.特点 ④n.品质 ⑤n.角色
4.①vi.主修;专门研究 ②n.主修课程 ③adj.主要的
④n.主修学生
5.①n.本地人 ②adj.出生地的 ③本地的 ④土著的
6.①adj.传统的;最优秀的 ②adj.典型的 ③n.经典作品;名著
7.①n.舌头 ②n.语言
No.3 写作迁移
1.①is of benefit to ②proved to be of great value/greatly valuable ③is of great significance to
Chinese folk music
④will be of some help to you
2.①whatever/no matter what difficulties we meet ②Whoever/No matter who finds the missing keys to
the laboratory
③Whenever/No matter when I see the photo
【能力突破练】
维度一 1.majority 2.to find 3.giving 4.to have
5.significance 6.Wherever 7.to 8.on/upon 9.by
10.it
维度二 1.Her positive attitude to/towards overcoming challenges 2.has its ups and downs 3.dates
from/back to ancient times 4.There are various varieties of 5.begged his parents to buy him a new
bicycle 6.He has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words 7.was beyond description 8.used to go fishing
维度三 第一步
1.As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
2.As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands practice.
3.It’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.
4.Communicate more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in
Chinese,the more fluently you will speak.
5.Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV programs.
6.Take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning Chinese.
第二步
As for those who find it a struggle to learn Chinese well,my advice may be helpful.
As is always the case with other language learning,learning Chinese also demands
practice.Firstly,it’s of great importance to read books that relate to Chinese.Moreover,communicate
more with the natives.That is because the more you communicate with the natives in Chinese,the more
fluently you will speak.Aside from that,equally important is to watch some Chinese films or TV
programs.Last but not least,take a positive attitude no matter what trouble you may have learning
Chinese.
Anticipating your comments.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ 续写能力提升
2.①both challenging and rewarding ②My interest in French
③I never gave up ④tried communicating with native speakers
⑤my determination paid off ⑥understand most of it
⑦mastering a new language is possible
Part Ⅱ 高考同源研探
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类语音的发展与农业的发展及其所带来的饮食
结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。
32.D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers...this trend arose.”可知,Damin
Blasi 研究的是这种趋势形成的方式和原因。根据前文可知,this trend 指的是30 多年前学者查尔斯
发现在吃较软食物的群体中唇齿音更常见。由此可推知,Damin Blasi 研究的是人类语音的发展,故
选D 项。]
33.C [细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难发出唇
齿音,而唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙发出的。之后,我们下巴的结构变成了咬合结构,这让我们更容易
发出这样的声音。由此可知,他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音,故选C 项。]
34.A [段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知,对语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,国际语言
的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列举了一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据,故选A
项。]
35.C [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Steven Moran 认为:自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音不
一定保持稳定,今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的复杂产物。
由此可推知,Steven Moran 认为人类语音是一个复杂的动态系统,故选C 项。]
析长难语句
30 多年前,学者查尔斯·霍克特指出,被称为唇齿音的语音,如“f”和“v”,在吃较软食物的社会的语言
中更为常见。
