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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．billion n．十亿
2．bone n．骨头；骨(质)
3．shell n．壳；壳状物
4．carve vt.& vi.雕刻
5．dynasty n．王朝；朝代
6．dialect n．地方话；方言
7．CE(＝Common Era)公元
8．tongue n．舌头；语言
9．semester n．学期
10．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油
11．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2．attitude n．态度；看法
3．system n．体系；制度；系统
4．despite prep.即使；尽管
5．factor n．因素；要素
6．symbol n．符号；象征
7．means n．方式；方法；途径
8．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
9．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
10．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
11．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术
12．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系
13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗14．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁
15．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房
16．gap n．间隔；开口；差距
17．vocabulary n．词汇
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→base vt.以……为基础；
以……为据点 n．底部；根据；总部→basis n．基础；基准→basic adj.基础的→basically
adv.大体上；根本上
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各
种各样的
4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority
n．大多数
5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．感激；欣赏
→appreciative adj.感激的
7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地
8．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐
9．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平
等
10．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的
11．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
12．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation/relationship n．联系，关系
1．sticky /'stIki/ adj.黏的；闷热的；难办的
2．attribute /'ætrIbjuːt/ n．属性；性质；特征 /ə'trIbjuːt/ vt.把……归因于；认为是……所为
3．nutrient /'njuːtriənt；NAmE 'nuːtriənt/ n．营养素；营养物
4．call forth使产生；引起
5．circulate /'sɜːkjəleIt/ vi.& vt.循环；传播
6．moisture /'mɔIstʃə(r)/ n．潮气；水汽；水分
7．activate /'æktIveIt/ vt.使活动；激活
8．bargain /'bɑːɡən/ vi.讨价还价
9．the other way around相反；反过来
10．forum /'fɔːrəm/n.论坛；讨论会
Ⅳ.背核心短语1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (to...)追溯到
4．point of view观点；看法
5．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
6．be known for因为……而著名
7．at the beginning起初
8．lead to导致
9．play a role in在……中发挥作用
10．have trouble with在……方面有困难
11．get used to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事
12．depend on依靠，依赖
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the
Chinese writing system.(why引导的定语从句)
这成为可能的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。
2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the
Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(where引导的定语从句)
秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字书写体系开始朝着一个方向发展。
3．That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.(be of
＋抽象名词)
那种书写体系对于中国人民与中华文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
4．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all
still communicate in writing.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
5 ． Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is
connected with its past.(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句)
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
6．As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international
students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
(as引导的时间状语从句)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙
的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
As we all know，English is referred to as an international language,1.____________(wide)
used in global affairs.No matter 2.____________ kind of English people are speaking，nativespeakers have no trouble 3.____________(understand) the words like “petrol” “subway”
“apartment” “pants” “semester” and other words despite the small differences in
vocabulary.However，Chinese，which is increasingly popular around the world，is regarded as
the most 4.____________(demand) language，especially for non-native learners.Firstly，even the
commonly-used Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn ， let alone
5.____________(variety) of dialects.Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for
them.The writing system，dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something
with specific meanings 6.____________ bones or shells，is like strange pictures.However，
based on the common 7.____________(appreciate) of these characters，some classic works are
still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient
times.Besides ， calligraphy is also an art form closely 8.____________(relate) to Chinese
culture.9.____________(bridge) the gap between cultures，the two languages both play an
equally important role，for 10.____________ we should work hard on it，especially as we
students.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(reference n．提及，涉及；指称关系；
参考；参考书目)
•refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer...to...把……送交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
•in/with reference to sb/sth 关于
reference book/material参考书/参考资料
(1)There are varieties of ____________(refer) books which I am often confused to choose from.
(2)剪纸通常用于装饰门窗，因此有时被称为窗花。(话题写作之传统文化)
Generally ， the paper-cuts are used to decorate doors and windows ， and thus sometimes
____________________________________________.
(3)我写信寻求你的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国友人的建议。
(2021·全国甲，书面表达)
I am writing to ask for your advice ____________________________________.
(4)我认为遇到新词就查阅字典是不可取的。
As far as I am concerned ，____________________________________ whenever you come
across a new word.
base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据[based adj.以(某事)为基础；
以……为重要部分(特征)的basic adj.基本的；基础的 basis n．基础 basically adv.大体上；基本上]
•base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...以……为基础
•on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
on the basis of在……的基础上
(1)On the ____________(base) of what you show，I firmly believe that you can be qualified for
the position.
(2)Knowing that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend，I am writing to inform you of
some ____________(base) table manners.
(3)I suggest that you consider grouping students ____________(base) on their language proficiency
or learning style.(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
(4)正如谚语所言：“独木难成林”，我们的成功是建立在与他人合作的基础上的。(读后续
写之主旨升华)
Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn’t make a forest”，_________________________
____________________________________________________________.
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修，专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生(majority
n．大部分；大多数)
•major in主修……
•a/the majority of大多数
in a/the majority占大多数
(1)Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters，I will major ____________ calligraphy at
university in the future.
(2)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写
作)
Some people gave up halfway，but ____________________________________ made it to the
finishing line.
(3)为我投票的人占大多数，因此我被选为学生会主席。
Those who have voted for me ________________________，so I am elected as chairman of the
Student Council.
means n．方法；方式；途径
a means of一种……的方法(means的单复数同形)
by all means可以；当然行；没问题
by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
(1)Every possible means ____________________(try)，but none works perfectly.
(2)Ancient people recorded what had happened ____________ means of carving varieties of
symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.
(3)没有你的慷慨帮助和指导，我决不能提高我的英语水平。
________________________________________________ without your generous help and
guidance.(倒装句)
appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值(appreciation n．欣赏；感激
appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的)
•appreciate (one’s) doing sth 喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
•express/convey one’s appreciation 表达某人的感激之情
(1)如果你能尽早回复我，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之结尾句)
①________________________________________________ at your earliest convenience.
(appreciate one’s doing)
②________________________________________________ at your earliest convenience.(I
would appreciate it if...)
(2)我写信表达我对你的感激之情，感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作
之感谢信)
________________________________________________________________________ for what
you have done for me during my stay in London.
(3)我相信这次研讨会意义重大，因为它为学生提供了了解中国文化、欣赏中国文化之美的
机会。(2023·天津6月)
I believe this workshop is significant because it provides an opportunity for students
__________________________________________________________.
equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，
等于；比得上 (equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地)
•be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比
•be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
•equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(1)From my point of view，Michael Jordan is ____________ equal in playing basketball.
(2)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是，我擅长与他人交流。因此，我坚
信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)Firstly，nobody can ________________________.________________________ is that I am good
at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that ________________________ as a
volunteer for the fair.
demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问(demanding adj.要求高的)
•demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
•be in (great) demand需求量大
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s)满足某人的需求
(1)Nowadays science graduates are ________ greater demand because advanced science has
created more ____________(demand) jobs.
(2)一些学生要求被提供更好的宿舍住宿条件。为了满足他们的需求，校董事会承诺会给他
们配备空调和独立的卫生间，但是同时也要求他们要遵守使用规则。
____________________________________ better living conditions in their
dormitories.____________________________________ ， the school board promised to equip
their rooms with air conditioners and private bathrooms ， but demanded that
____________________________________.
be of＋抽象名词 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese
people and culture.那种书写体系对于中国人民与中华文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名
词有importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词可用great，little，
some，any，no，not，much等修饰，用以说明程度。
(1)The majority of students consider that watching English movie is ____________(benefit) to
their English learning.(2022·全国乙·书面表达)
→The majority of students consider that watching English movie ____________________ their
English learning.
(2)在我看来，保持在线学习和我们生活的平衡非常重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)
From my point of view ， keeping the balance between online learning and our life
____________________________________.
(3)你给我们的建议证明很有价值。没有它我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
The advice you gave us proved to ________________________，without which we couldn’t
have achieved our dreams.
“no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句 Even today，no matter where Chinese
people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，
不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。•“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
•whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
•whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从
句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(1)The gold medal will be awarded to ____________ wins first place in the bicycle race.
(2)____________ happens，there is always an approach to solving it in the end.
(3)意志坚定的人会想尽一切办法来实现他们的目标，不管他们有多艰辛。
A determined person will try all means to achieve their goals，__________________________.
(4)无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地跟我联系。
____________________________________，I sincerely hope that you can contact me without
hesitation.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．character
(1)To frame his story，Klein creates the character of Ned，a fictional witness to the progress
brought about by the steam and electric revolutions in America during one man’s lifetime.
(2022·浙江1月)________
(2)Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble
character.________
(3)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar，either farm fields or highways，
sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.(2023·全国乙)________
(4)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese
characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy.________
2．relate to
(1)The writer related to his childhood in the first two chapters.________
(2)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can
all relate to.(2023·新课标Ⅱ) ________
(3)Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.
(2023·浙江1月)________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.____________(2)Until then did I fully appreciate what my parents had done for me.____________
(3)The lamp has a heavy base so as not to fall easily.____________
(4)The girl who has a sharp wit and quick tongue dreams of being a lawyer.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1 ． There is a person who plays an important role in my life ， which is beyond my
__________________(describe)．
2．Human beings __________________(regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to
survive is to live in harmony with nature.
3．The tsunami ____________(refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people，shocking
the rest of the country.
4．The novel which was popular with readers was based ____________ an earthquake which
struck Wenchuan in 2008.
5．The tower ____________(date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the
flood.
6 ． There is no denying that human beings have suffered a lot on account of
____________(variety) of disasters.
7．Fortunately，they survived the fire ____________ means of breathing through a wet towel.
8．____________ the obstacle and confusion on the road，the horse eventually reached its
destination with determination.
9．__________(global)，a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don’t make it to adulthood，so I
decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.(2021·新课标Ⅱ)
10．It is widely acknowledged that wisdom and efforts are ____________(equal) important for
success.
2022·天津6月
假设你是高中口语社成员李津。为招募新成员，口语社请你用英语为社团纳新活动录制
一段短视频，请你按照以下要点，撰写视频的文字稿：
1.邀请大家加入社团；
2.介绍社团的主要活动；
3.谈谈你加入社团以来的收获。
完成句子
1．如你所见，我们社团正在举办各种各样的活动，如英语演讲比赛、诗歌朗诵等。
(various/variety；be being done)____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的外教的指导下参加英语角。(on a regular basis)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．现在，我们的外教要求我们欣赏一部英文电影并为之配音(dub)，这是我最喜欢的部分。
(demand that...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4．总之，英语口语社对它的成员非常有益。(be of＋抽象名词)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．任何对英语口语感兴趣的人，都可以加入我们，徜徉在丰富的英语世界。(whoever)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[情感描写] attitude；despite；ups and downs；appreciate v．→
appreciation n．
亮词
[动作描写] refer to；major；regard；struggle；demand；relate to
1.My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.(比喻)
2.I used to get high marks in English，but now I am having a lot of trouble with
美句 my listening.(对比)
3.If I’m talking to a close friend，I can...But if I’m talking to someone who
isn’t very close to me，I must...If I’m talking to someone senior to me，thenI should say...(排比)
4.One language sets you in a corridor for life.Two languages open every door
along the way.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：恐惧(二)
tremble/shake v．颤抖；sweat v．/n.出汗；freeze v．吓呆；flee v．逃离；
单词
scream v．惊声尖叫
be rooted to the spot定在原地；one’s knees feel weak(吓得)膝盖发软；break out
in a cold sweat突然冒出一身冷汗；make one’s hair stand on end使某人毛骨悚
词块
然；have one’s heart in one’s mouth某人的心提到嗓子眼；a chill deep down in
one’s bones毛骨悚然；let out a scream of horror发出惊声尖叫
1.The horror movie made my hair stand on end.那部恐怖电影让我毛骨悚然。
2.I could feel my heart pounding wildly and my palms sweating.我能够感觉到我
的心怦怦跳，手心直冒汗。
3.My heart seems to stand still when I got the terrible news.(夸张)听到这个骇人的
消息，我的心几乎停止了跳动。
句型 4.Last night，I dreamed about a fierce dog chasing after me，which had my heart
in my mouth.昨晚，我梦到一只恶狗追赶我，我的心都提到了嗓子眼了。
5.My heart almost jumped into my mouth when the bear approached me.当那只熊
向我靠近时，我的心一下子提到了嗓子眼。
6.He wanted to run away but found himself rooted to the spot.他想逃离，却发现自
己一动也不能动。
语料运用 英语演讲
Then came my turn.Standing on the stage，I could ①_______________________________
and my palms sweating.②________________________(倒装结构) my mind completely went
blank.I wanted to flee，but I was rooted on the spot，③________________________(with复合
结构)．I struggled to think hard，④____________________________________(分词作状语)，
though it was not allowed.My hands trembled too wildly and my speech script slid onto the
ground.Summer day as it was，I ⑤________________________.“Help me please！” I could
hear a desperate voice ringing in my mind.
然后轮到我了。站在舞台上，我可以感觉我的心怦怦直跳，手掌出汗。我太紧张了以至
于脑子一片空白。我想逃跑，却根本动不了，我的膝盖发软。我努力思考，试图查阅我的笔
记，尽管这是不被允许的。我的手颤抖得太厉害了，我的演讲稿滑到了地上。尽管是炎炎夏
日，我突然出了一身冷汗。“帮帮我吧！”我能听到一个绝望的声音在我的脑海中响起。
