文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头
3．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
4．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的
5．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉
6．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
7．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
8．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流
9．envision vt.展望；想象
10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米
11．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花
12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
14．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道
16．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
17．flavour(NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色
18．fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n．肥料
19．poverty n．贫穷；贫困
20．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
21．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物
22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌
23．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
3．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步
4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
7．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出
8．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
10．generate vt.产生；引起
11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像
14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
15．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解
16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘
18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
21．instance n．例子；实例；事例
22．batch n．一批；一组 vt.分批处理
23．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
24．aspect n．方面；层面
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱
→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的
3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的
→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想；承
担→assuming conj.假定；假设
5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充
6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．
消费者；用户；客户7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.
广阔的；大规模的；广泛的
9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学
→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；
滋养
11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地
→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深
12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的
1．trustworthy /'trʌstwɜːði/ adj.值得信任的；可靠的
2．empathy /'empəθi/ n．同感；共情→empathetic /ˌempə'θetIk/ adj.同感的；共情的
3．be/feel jealous of 嫉妒；羡慕
4．split /splIt/ vi.& vt.(split，split) 分成；分裂；分担 n．分裂；裂缝
5．distress /dI'stres/ n．忧虑；悲伤
6．flourish /'flʌrIʃ/ vi.& vt.成功；健康成长；繁荣
7．cheer sb up使……振作或高兴
8．tie to与……联系在一起
9．compromise /'kɒmprəmaIz/ vt.& vi.妥协；让步；折中
10．reluctant /rI'lʌktənt/ adj.不情愿的；勉强的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
5．for instance例如；比如
6．be like...像……
7．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
8．in fact事实上
9．turn to转向；求助于
10．be ready for为……做准备
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and
sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as
rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)
然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。
4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have
retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
5．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the
ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从
句)
种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好
准备。
Our class is comprised of thirty students ， most of 1.____________ come from the
countryside in poverty.Deep down，all of us envision 2.____________(us) attaining respectful
jobs in urban cities in the near future.Dreams 3.____________(root) in our hearts，we work
hard and devote ourselves to our study all days.We are greatly convinced that only if we spare no
effort to work can we broaden our vision and boost our ability 4.____________(tackle)
crises.We learn by combining conventional learning methods 5.____________ modern ones to
expand our knowledge so as to output what we have learned in the future.Certainly ，
6.____________ is essential that we shouldn’t yield to difficulties.Indeed ， too much
homework tends to generate much strain and we will be overcome with anxiety when not
7.____________(digest) what we are taught，but we have alternative methods to alleviate our
frustration.For instance，we can relax ourselves in leisure time.Besides，keeping a nutritious
diet is also essential even though we have a 8.__________(short) of money.On the assumption
that we always have such 9.__________ intense and widespread interest in study ， it is
estimated that we can put our dreams into reality，which in turn can enable us to live a
10.__________(good) life that we have been looking forward to.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的；
忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)
•devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给；把……专注于；献身；致力devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
•be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事
(1)The reason for our ____________(devote) to her is that she ____________(devote) her time to
____________(reduce) pollution at an early age.
(2)Yuan Longping devoted himself to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over
the world.(话题写作之人物介绍)
→____________________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over
the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→____________________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over
the world.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人
信服的)
•convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that...使某人相信……
•be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……
(1)So ____________ is your speech that I’m ____________ that all students will benefit a lot
from it.(convince)
(2)你在危机中的表现使我们相信你有能力应对紧急情况，并使我们相信能把这项重要任务
交给你。
Your performance in the crisis has ________________________________________ and
convinced us ____________________________________.
(3)我坚信，通过这次讲座，我们不仅可以了解中国文学，而且可以提高我们对中国传统文
化的兴趣。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承
担；假装 assuming conj.假如)
•on the assumption that...假定……
make an assumption 作出臆断
•assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……
•assuming (that) ...假设……(1)Deep down they assumed her ____________(be) the best singer of their time.
(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。
(应用文写作之申请信)
______________________________________________________________ ， I will organize
more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our
memory.(话题写作之传统文化)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________(用 it 作
形式主语和not only...but also...的倒装句改写)
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择
地)
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to...……的替代品
(1)On the assumption that you are available ， I can come to your house ， or
____________(alternative)，we can meet in the town.
(2)面对海洋令人担忧的现状，人类别无选择只能彼此合作解决这个海洋危机。毕竟，世界
上没有东西可以是海洋的替代品。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings _________________________
to tackle the ocean crisis.After all ， nothing in the world can
________________________________
________________ oceans.
in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
turn out结果是；生产；制造
用turn短语的正确形式填空
Some student representatives (1)____________ to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age
ceremony.Finally，it (2)____________．Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers
that helped us in many aspects and (3)____________，we should give a helping hand to them
from now on.For instance ， we and our parents can do housework (4)____________ ． It
(5)____________ that the ceremony makes a great difference to us.(2020·天津，书面表达)
given that 引导的原因状语从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quitewealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平
变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
given that＋从句，用来说明已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
(1)鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传
统文化)
___________________________________________________—Dragon Boat Festival ， I am
writing to introduce it to you.
(2)考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日将举行了一次越野赛跑。
(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
________________________________________________，our school organized a cross-country
running race last Sunday.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．digest
(1)I only read this digest of the novel，so I don’t know the details.________
(2)I haven’t entirely digested what he said just now.________
(3)Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that
helps them digest milk as adults.(2020·全国Ⅲ)________
2．overcome
(1)To everyone’s shock，in the final game Sweden easily overcame France.________
(2)His parents were overcome with great sorrow at his grandpa’s funeral.________
(3)In addition，their smile-to-life attitude even in such tough situations also inspired me to
overcome any difficulties in life.________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.____________
(2)The musical was a complete bomb on Broadway.____________
(3)There are alternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or
having a group chat.(2022·全国乙)____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．I think we should devote much more time to ____________(adjust) to the new environment.
2．A ____________(short) of reliable evidence is likely to lead to the suspect’s being released.3．My assessments were based on the ____________(assume) that house prices would remain
steady.
4．I have no alternative but ____________(ask) him for an appropriate way to solve the problem.
5．The educators in this school took turns __________(deliver) a speech in the rural schools.
6．It is essential that he ____________(get) some reliable information before making inferences.
7 ． When under the water ， the machines were also able to send signals from the
____________(deep) of 20,000 feet.
8．According to the educator，the committee is comprised ____________ representatives from
both the public and private sectors.
9．To turn their dreams into a ____________(real)，the twins work very hard.
10．What made me thrilled was ____________ I could distinguish between this kind of flower
and another one.
2023·全国甲改编
你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为
题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.人物简介及事迹；
2.意义或启示。
完成句子
1．我相信，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国农业发展中最具影响力的人物之一。
(convince)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．他毕生致力于研发高产水稻品种，这些品种极大地增加了中国的粮食产量，并帮助许多
发展中国家缓解了饥饿。(devote；alleviate；定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．面对研究经费和先进研究设备的短缺，他没有放弃，而是竭尽全力逐个克服这些困难。
(shortage；overcome)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________4．鉴于他已经实现了自己想要的，很多人可能会认为他会退休过悠闲的生活，但他没有。
(given that...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．即使在晚年，他仍在不断地追求梦想，研发产量更高的品种，这对我们所有人都是一种
激励。(strain；yield；定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[情感描写] devote→devoted→devotion；convince→convinced；intense；
leisure；deep down
亮词
[动作描写] tackle；boost；attain；assumption→assume；overcome；
estimate；alleviate；digest
1.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese
farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(外貌描写)
2.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
(情感描写)
美句
3.Long ago，he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as
big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.(排比修辞)
4.Even in his later years，Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision.
(人物描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：眼部动作
wink v．眨眼；stare v．盯着看；glance v．瞥一眼；glare v．怒视；scan v．
单词
细看，端详eyes be wide with horror吓得瞪大眼睛；squeeze one’s eyes shut紧紧闭上眼睛；
look straight into one’s eyes直视某人的眼睛；with one’s eyes fixed on sth 眼睛
词块 盯着某物；one’s eyes fall on...目光落在……；make eye contact眼神交流；
one’s eyes shine/sparkle/glisten with...眼里闪着……的光芒；narrow one’s eyes
眯起眼睛
1.She avoids any eye contact and quickly looks away when someone approaches.
她避免任何眼神交流，当有人靠近时，她会迅速移开视线。
2.We stared at each other for a while，speechless.我们面面相觑了一会儿，无言
以对。
3.At the bloody scene，she was so frightened that she squeezed her eyes shut.看到那
句型 血腥的一幕，她吓坏了，紧紧地闭上了眼睛。
4.Upon hearing the news，the boys jumped with joy，their eyes shining with
excitement.一听到这个消息，男孩们就高兴得跳了起来，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光
芒。
5.So absorbed was Jane that she fixed her eyes on the screen，lost in deep thought.
简全神贯注，目不转睛地盯着屏幕，陷入沉思。
语料运用 农业丰收
In spite of the weather disaster，farmers ①_______________________________ and looked
forward to a good harvest.Indeed，instead of poor harvests，②___________________________
__________________________.All villagers came to witness the exciting harvest time.Seeing the
golden wheat field stretching as far as they can see ，
③_______________________________.Even the old who couldn’t work on the land came.They
④________________________ ， talked with smiles and praised the young busy with
harvesting.Some children gathered together，⑤____________________________________(独立
主格结构) that for unknown reasons had lost one leg.All in all，people whether in the field or on
the ground ⑥______________________.
尽管发生了天气灾害，农民们还是勇敢地克服了一切困难，期待着丰收。确实，据估计
收成可能会增产，而不是歉收。所有的村民都来见证这激动人心的收获时刻。看到一望无尽
金色的麦田，他们的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦和兴奋。甚至连那些不能到田间劳作的老人也来了。
他们眯起眼睛，微笑着交谈，并赞扬忙于收割的年轻人。一些孩子聚在一起，目不转睛地盯
着几只蟋蟀，这些蟋蟀不知什么原因失去了一条腿。总之，无论是在田间还是地头的人们都
被这一幕和谐的景象所征服。
