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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 26 词汇 T-U-V-W-Y
词汇T
take after; take off; take on
【词义辨析】
1 take after
“
……
”
的意思是长得像,与
相似。
The boy does not take after his father. (这个男孩长得不像他父
亲。)
Try to take after your parents who are honest and hardworking. (要
学学你的父母,他们勤劳诚实。)
2 take off
“
”
的意思是起飞,脱下,取下。
The plane takes off at six o'clock. (飞机6 点钟起飞。)
I took off my coat because it was too hot. (天太热了,我脱下了外
套。)
3 take on
“
”
的意思是承担,呈现,具有,雇佣。
He can't take on any more work. (他承担不了更多的工作。)
Her face took on a haunted quality. (她脸上流露出心烦意乱的表
情。)
The word is taking on a new meaning. (这个单词具有一种新的意
义。)
No more workers are being taken on at the moment. (目前不需要
雇用更多的工人。)
take note of; take notes of
【词义辨析】
1 take note of
“
”
的意思是注意,留意。
Take note of how he does it. (留意他怎么做。)
She took careful note of his arrival. (她仔细留意他到达的时
间。)
2 take notes of
“
”
的意思是做笔记。
Do you take notes of the lectures? (你记课堂笔记了吗?)
We all took notes of what she said. (我们都对她说过的话做了笔
记。)
take place; take the place of; take one's place
【词义辨析】
1 take place
“
”
的意思是发生,举行,place 前不可加冠词修饰。
Great changes have taken place in our country. (我们的国家发生
了很大的变化。)
The accident took place in the early morning. (事故发生在凌
晨。)
2 take the place of
“
”
的意思是代替,接替。
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains. (电气机车
已经替代了蒸汽机车。)
Nobody could take the place of his beloved wife. (任何人也代替不
了他心爱的妻子。)
3 take one's place
“
的意思是坐某人的座位,代替、接替某人的职
”
务。
The meeting is beginning now. Please take your places. (会议就要
开始了,请大家就座。)
Mary is absent. We have to ask Smith to take her place. (玛丽缺席
了,我们只好安排史密斯顶替她。)
talk about; talk of; talk over
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有谈论的意思,但具体含义不同。
1 talk about
“
”
的意思是谈论,谈到,强调谈论的对象和具体内
容。
What are you talking about? (你们在说什么呢?)
They had been talking about the problem for hours. (他们就这个问
题已经谈了好几个小时了。)
2 talk of
“
”
的意思是谈到,谈及,提到,有时可以与talk about 互
换,但是talk of 一般表示仅仅提到某人或某物。
I heard someone talk of it somewhere. (我听什么人在什么地方谈
到过它。)
I never talk of this accident. (我从不对别人谈起这次意外。)
3 talk over
“
”
的意思是讨论,商量,聊天。
We must talk the matter over. (我们必须把这事认真地讨论一
下。)
I am going to talk it over with my parents. (这事我必须跟父母商
量一下。)
technique; technology
【词义辨析】
1 technique
“
”
的意思是(个人掌握的)技能,技巧,技术,尤指
在艺术、音乐、文学等方面。
The violin players have different techniques of their own. (小提琴
手人人都有自己的技巧。)
We can gain techniques by practice. (我们可以通过训练获取技
能。)
2 technology
“
”
的意思是科技,技术,多指工业、科学领域等方
面的技术。
IT stands for information technology. (IT 代表着“ 信息技
术”。)
Modern technology can make it true. (现代科技可以让它成为现
实。)
tell... apart; tell... from
【词义辨析】
1 tell... apart
“
……
”
“
的意思是把
区分开,通常指在同一类中区
”
别。
Can you tell the twin brothers apart? (你能区分开这对双胞胎兄弟
吗?)
The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.
(姐妹俩长得太像了,很难把她们区分开来。)
2 tell... from
“
……
……
”
的意思是把
与
区分开来,分清,通常指两个
“
”
或两类之间的区别。
One should know how to tell the good ones from the bad ones. (一
个人应该知道怎么区分好坏。)
I was not capable enough to tell truth from false. (我没有能力区别
对与错。)
the last; the latest; the latter
【词义辨析】
1 the last
“
”
的意思是最后一个,之前一个,指一系列事物中的最
后一个,或正在谈及的事物之前的一个。
The last train leaves at 10 at night. (最后一班火车晚上10 点
开。)
The last time we met he was quite healthy. (上次我们见面时,他
很健康。)
2 the latest
“
”
的意思是最近的,最新的,新近的。
This is the latest news I have just heard from the radio. (这是我从
收音机中听到的最新消息。)
The girl is always dressed in the latest fashion. (这个女孩总是穿
着最新款的时装。)
3 the latter
“
”
的意思是后来的,后者,指所提及的两个事物中的
第二个。
Of swimming and running, I prefer the latter. (游泳和跑步,我比
较喜欢后者。)
Henry and Smith left, the latter taking a book under his arm. (亨利
和史密斯走了,后者胳膊下夹着一本书。)
think; think of; think about; think over
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词都有想,思考的意思,但具体含义不同。
1 think
“
”
的意思是想,思考,考虑,认为,觉得,常接宾语从
句。
What do you think? (你是怎么认为的?)
I don't think that it will rain this weekend. (我认为,本周末不会
下雨。)
2 think of
“
”
的意思是考虑到,想到,认为,常接代词、名词或动
名词。
She is thinking of leaving New York. (她正考虑离开纽约。)
What do you think of the play? (你觉得这部戏怎么样?)
I can't think of the guy who sold me this bike. (我想不起来卖我自
行车的那个家伙。)
3 think about
“
”
的意思是考虑,思考,想,可接名词、代词、动
名词或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,一般可与think of 换用。
I began to think about what I should do next. (我开始考虑下一步
该做什么。)
He's thinking about a problem. He has thought about it for a long
time. (他正在考虑一个问题,他已经考虑了很长时间了。)
Please think about how to tell her the bad news. (请考虑一下,如
何把这个坏消息告诉她。)
4 think over
“
”
的意思是仔细考虑(一遍),突出思考过程的认
真、仔细、困难。后接名词或代词作宾语。当后接代词时,应把代
词放在over 之前。
I would like to think it over. (我想仔细考虑一下。)
I have thought carefully over your suggestion of yesterday. (我已经
仔细考虑过你昨天的建议。)
till; until
【词义辨析】
1 一般情况下可以互换使用。用于肯定句时,它所表示的动作
一直延续到till 或until
“
……
表示的时间为止,意为直到
为止(停下
”
来);用于否定句时,它所表示的动作直到till 或until 所表示的时
“
……
”
间才发生,意为直到
才(开始做)。
She read books until / till her mother came back. (她看书直到她母
亲回来。)[看书的动作直到母亲回来才结束。]
She didn't read book until / till her mother came back. (直到她母亲
回来她才开始看书。)[看书的动作直到她母亲回来才发生。]
2
否定形式not until / till
“
……
”
意为直到
才,表示until /till 所表
示的时间一到,该动作就发生。
He didn't go to bed until / till eleven. (他直到十一点才上床睡
觉。)
Einstein was not able to return to his homeland until the war was over.
(直到战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以回国。)
注意 在强调句、not until 置于句首构成的倒装句以及until 置于
句首这三种情况下,均不能用till 替换until。
It was not until 1980 that I began to know what TV was. (直到
1980 年我才知道什么是电视。)[强调句]
Not until 12 o'clock last night did Tom come back. (昨晚直到12 点
汤姆才回来。)[倒装句]
Until I was 20 I had never been away from my hometown. (我20
岁以前,从未离开过家乡)[until 位于句首]
tired; tiring
【词义辨析】
1 tired
“
”
的意思是疲劳的,累的,当用于be/get/become tired of
(doing)sth.
“
……
”
这些搭配时,它的意思通常是讨厌,对
感到厌烦。
We were all tired after walking so long. (走了这么远的路,我们
都累了。)
He is tired of the same breakfast every morning. (他厌倦了每天吃
相同的早餐。)
2 tiring
“
”
的意思是令人疲倦的,令人讨厌的,通常以表示事物的
词作主语。
It was very tiring work. (这是很累人的工作。)
He found riding as tiring as walking. (他觉得骑自行车跟走路一
样累/无聊。)
to; towards
【词义辨析】
1 to 与动词walk, go, come, return
“
”
等连用时,有到达的意思,此
时的to 具有目的性。
Come to my house, Mary. (玛丽,到我家来一趟。)
They will have a trip to Shanghai during the holidays. (他们放假期
间要去上海玩一趟。)
2 towards 与动词walk, go, come, return
“
等连用时,只表示朝,
”
向之意,此时towards 无目的性。
She walked towards the door. (她向门口走去。)
He is standing with his back towards me. (他背朝着我站着。)
too... to; only too... to
【词义辨析】
1 too...to
“
……
……
……
……”
的意思是太
而不能
,太
以至于不
,表示
否定含义。
It is too early to get up. (太早了,还不该起床。)
He is too young to understand this. (他太小了,还不能理解这
些。)
2 only too... to
“
”
的意思是非常,特别,表示肯定含义。
He is only too pleased to help you. (他非常乐于帮助你。)
I shall be only too glad to accept your invitation. (我将非常高兴接
受你的邀请。)
try to do; try doing
【词义辨析】
1 try to do
“
”
的意思是努力去做某事,具有主观意愿,即努力去
做、试图去做,但没有明确结果。
Even though it is very difficult, I still try to understand it. (尽管很
难,但我还是努力去理解。)
He tried to climb up the tree, but he failed. (他试图爬上那棵树,
但他爬不上去。)
2 try doing
“
”
的意思是试着做某事,表示试验某种做法是否行得
通,或者看其效果如何。
Mary is trying flying the kite. (玛丽正试着放风筝。)
You can try doing it again in other way. (你可以试着用其他方法
做一遍。)
turn on; turn off; turn up; turn down
【词义辨析】
1 turn off
“
”
的意思是关上,与turn on 的意义刚好相反。
Turn off the light before you go to bed. (上床前,请你把灯关
掉。)
I often forget to turn off the TV before I go to bed. (睡觉前,我经
常忘记把电视关掉。)
2 turn up
“
”
的意思是(把收音机、电视机的声音)开大。
She sat down and turned up the radio. (她坐下来,把收音机声音
开大。)
Would you please turn the light up a little? (请你把灯开亮一点儿
好吗?)
3 turn down
“
”
的意思是把音量放小,与turn up 的意思刚好相
反。
That radio is too loud. Can you turn it down a little? (收音机声音
太大了,你能关小一点吗?)
4 turn on
“
”
的意思是开,旋开,指打开自来水、燃气等,开电
灯、收音机、电视机等电器。
Will you please turn on the TV? (请你打开电视好吗?)
Don't turn on the water tap. Something is wrong with it. (别开水龙
头,它出毛病了。)
词汇U
under; below; beneath; underneath
“
……
”
这几个词都有在
下面的意思,但具体含义有所区别。
【词义辨析】
1 under
“
……
”
的意思是在
的正下方,垂直在下,与over 相对应。
There is a small cat under the table. (桌子下方有一只小猫。)
We took a rest under a big tree. (我们在一棵大树下休息。)
2 below
“
……
……”
的意思是在
的底下,低于
,与above 相对应。
The temperature is below freezing point. (温度在零度以下。)
Tom is in the class below mine. (汤姆的班级在我楼下。)
3 beneath
“
……
”
的意思是在
的下面,与under 意义相近,比较正
式,含有被遮掩的意思,多用于借喻意义。
She found a dead dog buried beneath a pile of yellow leaves. (她在
一堆黄树叶下发现了一只死狗。)
He thought that this kind of work was beneath his dignity. (他认为
这种工作有失他的身份。)
4 underneath
“
”
的意思是完全隐蔽或遮盖起来。
My father was wearing a vest underneath his coat. (我爸爸在外套
里面还穿着一件背心。)
understand; realize
【词义辨析】
1 understand
“
”
的意思是理解,明白,了解。
Do you understand what I mean? (你能明白我的意思吗?)
Read carefully and try to understand the true meaning of the article.
(仔细阅读,要理解这篇文章的真实含义。)
2 realize
“
”
的意思是认识到,意识到,指对某件事情完全明白或
非常清楚地意识到,程度比understand 更深一步。
I didn't realize that this would hurt you so much. (我没有认识到这
会对你造成这么大的伤害。)
She came to realize how hard her parents had been working. (她渐
渐意识到,父母工作是多么辛苦。)
unless; if... not...
【词义辨析】
1 unless 与if... not...在意义上非常接近,通常可以换用,意思是
“
……
……”
除非,如果
不
。
I have no idea how to do it unless you tell me how.
=I have no idea how to do it if you don't tell me how. (我一点主意
都没有,除非你告诉我怎么做。)
You will not pass the exams unless you work harder.
=You will not pass the exams if you don't work harder. (如果你不
加倍努力学习,就不会通过考试。)
2 若以从句所描述的动作没有发生为前提,而导致主句的动作
发生了,这时候只能用if…not…而不能用unless。换句话说,如果
从句的动作发生了,主句的动作就不会发生。
She will be very happy if he doesn't dance with Mary. (如果他不跟
玛丽跳舞,她会非常高兴。)[从句的动作没有发生,导致了主句
的动作的发生。]
They will be rather sad if we didn't come to the party. (如果我们不
参加晚会,他们会非常伤心的。)[从句的动作没有发生,导致了
主句的动作的发生。]
used to; would
【词义辨析】
1 used to 与would 都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,两
者通常可以换用。
When they were young, they used to/would go swimming every
summer. (小时候,每到夏天他们都要去游泳。)
He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books. (过去,
他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。)
2 used to 可指过去的状态或情况,常含有对比意味,意思是说过
去常常做某事,现在已经不再这样做了。而would 表示反复发生的
动作,也表示动作有可能再发生。
People used to believe that the earth was flat. (过去,人们总以为
地球是扁平的。)[现在已不再这样认为了。]
I used to cheat the old woman when I was young. (我小时候经常
欺骗那位老太太。)[现在已不再欺骗她了。]
He would come to see us on Sundays. (过去周日他常常来看我
们。)
He would go to the park as soon as he was free. (过去,他一有空
就去公园。)
注意 used to 只有过去时态,既可被视为助动词,也可以被看作
“
是实义动词,要注意否定句及疑问句的形式。(以我过去不喜欢歌
”
剧。为例)
【否定句形式】
I used not to like opera.
I didn't use to like opera.
【疑问句形式】
Used you to like opera?
Did you use to like opera?
Didn't you use to like opera?
词汇V
valuable; valued; invaluable; valueless
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词都与价值有关,但具体意义区别很大。
1 valuable
“
”
的意思是有价值的,值钱的,宝贵的,贵重的,即
可以用作名词,也可以用作形容词。作名词使用时,常用其复数形
“
”
式,意思是指贵重的物品。
This old watch is very valuable. (这块旧表很值钱。)
Their suggestions are very valuable to us. (他们的建议对我们非常
有价值。)
2 valued
“
”
的意思是受到重视或尊重,经估价,常用来指某样事
“
”
物对个人来说是有价值的,很受珍视的。
The friendship between the two countries is highly valued. (两国之
间的友谊得到珍视。)
His contribution to the country is greatly valued. (他对国家的贡献
得到了极大的重视。)
3 invaluable
“
的意思是无价的(价值高得无法衡量,而不是没有
”
价值、不值钱的),非常宝贵的,极有价值的。
The things he left behind him were really invaluable. (他留下的东
西是无价之宝。)
This old watch is very valuable. We can also say it is invaluable.
(这块旧表很值钱,也可以说它是无价之宝。)
4 valueless
“
”
的意思是不值钱的,没有价值的,无用的。
Rubbish is not valueless. (垃圾并非一文不值。)
He thought that his manuscript is invaluable. Actually it is valueless.
(他认为自己的手稿价值连城,但实际上是毫无价值。)
very; much; very much
【词义辨析】
1 very 既能修饰形容词或副词的原级,也可修饰由现在分词或过
去分词变成的形容词。
She's very unfriendly to me. (她对我很不友好。)
I'm very happy to meet you. (见到你很高兴。)
2 much 可修饰形容词或副词的比较级,也可修饰由过去分词变
成的形容词。
He feels much better now. (他感觉现在好多了。)
Jack works much harder than before. (杰克工作比以前努力多
了。)
3 very much 可修饰某些情感性的动词,如want, like, enjoy, love,
thank 等。
I enjoyed myself very much at her birthday party last Sunday. (上
星期天,我在她生日聚会上玩得很愉快。)
We love our motherland very much. (我们非常热爱祖国。)
注意 1 very 和much 都可用作形容词,修饰名词,此时,very 的
“
……”
意思是不是别的,正是
,much
“
”
的意思是许多,大量的。
This is the very man I have seen in Mr. Black's office. (这个人正是
我在布莱克先生办公室里看到的那个人。)
I have much money. (我有很多钱。)
2 有时为了强调,very, much 都可用来修饰形容词和副词的最高
级,very 位于the 之后,much 位于the 之前。
他在班里最小。
He is the very youngest in the class.
He is much the youngest in the class.
词汇W
wait; await
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有等待的意思,但在用法上有较大不同。
1 await
“
”
的意思是等待,期待,等候,是及物动词,后面可以直
接接宾语,多用于书面语; 而wait 通常作不及物动词使用,往往与
for,to,till,until 等词连用。
我将在大门口等你。
I'll be waiting for you at the gate.
I'll be awaiting you at the gate.
2 await 后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词,而wait 之后接动词不
定式。
我在静候他们的进一步消息。
I am awaiting hearing further from them.
I am waiting to hear further from them.
wake; awake
【词义辨析】
1
“
”
两者都有醒来的意思,但wake 用得比较多,常与up 连用。
I wake up at seven each morning. (我每天早上7 点钟醒。)
When he awoke, Joseph was standing beside him. (当他醒来的时
候,约瑟夫站在他旁边。)
I'm very sorry to wake you up. (非常抱歉把你吵醒了。)
2 awake
“
”
“
”
还有认识到,意识到的意思以及引申意义觉醒,常
跟介词to
“
”
,表示认识到。
She slowly awoke to the danger that threatened her. (她慢慢地认识
到了潜在的危险。)
China is awaking from her long sleep. (中国正在从沉睡中觉
醒。)
3 awake
“
”
可用作形容词,意思是醒着,意识到,而wake 不能用
作形容词。
Is she awake or asleep? (她醒着还是在睡着?)
A pilot must be awake to the changes of the weather. (飞行员必须
警惕天气的变化。)
walk along; walk down; walk on
【词义辨析】
1 walk along
“
……
”
的意思是沿着
走。
Walk along the beach. (沿着海滩走。)
Make a left turn and then walk along the street till to the traffic lights.
(左转弯,然后沿着大街走,一直走到红绿灯。)
2 walk down
“
”
的意思是向下走,表示向前走或者是从高处往低
处走。
Together we walked down the hill. (我们一起走下山去。)
3 walk on
“
”
的意思是继续走,表示不停地向前走,直到到达目的
地为止。
Walk on until the end of the street. (继续走,一直走到这条街的
尽头。)
want to do; want doing
【词义辨析】
1 want to do
“
”
意思是想要做某事,希望做某事。
They want to ask you some questions. (他们想问你几个问题。)
I want to be a teacher in the kindergarten. (我希望成为一名幼儿园
老师。)
2 want doing
“
”
意思是需要做,主语往往是事物,用动名词形式
表示被动意义。
His coat wants washing. (他的外套该洗了。)
My watch wants repairing. (我的手表该修了。)
warn... against; warn... of; warn off; warn... not to do
【词义辨析】
“
”
这几个词组都有警惕,警告的意思,但具体意义不同。
1 warn... against
“
……
……”
意思是让
提防
,表示让某人警惕或提防
某人或某事。
My mother warned me against strangers. (妈妈让我提防陌生
人。)
The police warn everyone against pickpockets. (警方让大家小心
扒手。)
2 warn... of
“
”
表示提醒或警告某人可能有危险,还有预先通知的
意思。
The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding. (该
镇居民接到有洪水危险的警告。)
The teacher warned the students of the test. (老师预先通知学生要
考试。)
3 warn... off
“
意思是让某人不去(某处),让某人别做(某
”
事)。
The farmer warned us off his fields. (农夫让我们不要进入他的田
里。)
The road was closed to traffic after the accident, and the police were
warning everyone off. (事故发生后路被封了,警察让任何人不得靠
近。)
4 warn... not to do
“
”
意思是建议或劝告某人不要做某事。
The doctor warned me not to smoke. (医生告诫我不要抽烟。)
We warned them not to skate on such thin ice. (我们劝他们不要在
那么薄的冰上滑冰。)
what; which
【词义辨析】
两者都可以用作疑问词,有时可以互换,但有区别。
1 what 表示泛指,which 表示特指。
What would you like to eat today? (你今天想吃什么?)
Which is your young brother of the two boys? (那两个男孩中哪个
是你的弟弟?)
2 what 指人时,仅限于询问职业、身份、地位等,而which 则无
此限制。
—What is your mother? (你妈妈是干什么的?)
—She's a teacher. (她是老师。)
—Which is your uncle? (哪一个是你的叔叔?)
—The man with a book. (拿书的那个。)
what time; when
【词义辨析】
1 what time 一般用来对时间提问,询问的时间比when 更具体
化。
What time is he going to leave this afternoon? (他下午几点离
开?)
What time did you call your father last night? (昨晚你什么时间打
电话给你爸爸的?)
2 对时间、日期、年份、月份等进行提问需要用when。
When did you see John? (你什么时候看到约翰的?)
When she will come back depends on the traffic. (她何时回来取决
于交通状况。)
注意 1 when
“
……
”
可用作连词,引导从句,意为当
的时候,而
what time 没有这个功能。
2 what time 和when 在询问时间时可以互换使用。
What time/ When shall we play the game? (我们什么时间比
赛?)
wide; widely
【词义辨析】
1 wide
“
既可以作形容词也可以作副词,作副词时,意思是敞
”
开,开着的,通常表示开的程度。
He opened the door wide so that the room was lighter. (他把门敞开
着,以便房间更明亮一些。)
Open your mouth wide. (把你的嘴张得大大的。)
2 widely
“
”
意思是广泛地,范围广地之意,可用来表达一种抽象
的意义,常表示范围的广大。
He had travelled widely. (他四处旅行。)
He is widely known as a good teacher. (大家都把他看做好老
师。)
We have differed widely on many questions. (我们在很多问题上
分歧很大。)
3 两者都可以修饰动词,但位置有区别。wide 一般位于动词之
后,widely 可位于动词之前或之后。
Please open your eyes wide. (请把眼睛睁大点。)
This writer is widely known. (这位作家名气很大。)
wipe away; wipe off; wipe up
【词义辨析】
1 wipe away
“
”
的意思是擦掉,清除掉。
Wipe your tears away right now. (马上把你的眼泪擦掉。)
He wiped the sweat away with the back of his hand. (他用手背把
汗擦掉。)
2 wipe off
“
……
的意思是把
擦/
……
”
刷掉,把
擦干净。
Please wipe the drawing off the blackboard before the teacher sees it.
(请在老师看到它之前把图画从黑板上擦掉。)
Wipe your smile off your face. (把你的笑脸收起来。)
3 wipe up
“
”
的意思是擦干(杯子、碗等器皿)。
You wash up, and I'll wipe up. (你来洗碗,我负责把碗擦干。)
Will you wipe these plates up? (你把盘子擦干好吗?)
within; in
【词义辨析】
1 within 表示在一段时间之内或不超过某段时间; in 表示在某段
时间之后,常与将来时态连用。
She will be back within an hour. (她会在一小时内回来。)
He was ill and was dead within a week. (他病了,没到一周就去
世了。)
She said she would finish the job in a week. (她说一周之后会完成
这项工作。)
2 within 表示在某一范围之内或不超过某一范围,强调内外界限;
in
表示在某物的形体或范围内。
The farmhouse is within five miles from here. (农房距离这里不超
过5 英里。)
Within the walls of this house lies a secret. (房屋的墙里隐藏着一
个秘密。)
We lived in Shanghai five years ago. (5 年前我们住在上海。)
work at; work on; work out
【词义辨析】
1 work at
“
”
的意思是学习,研究,写作,致力于,后接名词或动
名词短语,表示在某一方面下功夫研究或学习。
He is working at a new invention. (他正致力于一项新的发明。)
I am working at my new novel. (我在写我的新小说。)
2 work on
“
”
“
的意思是从事(某项)工作,可以作造,创作,
……”
画,做
等解释,后面接名词、代词或动名词等。
He is working on a new project which has to be finished by the end of
the year. (他正在做一项新工程,年底前必须完工。)
I've been working on the wall the whole morning. (我整个早晨都
在粉刷墙壁。)
3 work out
“
”
的意思是计算,算出,制定,想出,解决等。
He settled down at his desk to work out the exact figures. (他坐在
桌子旁,要算出精确的数字。)
We must work out a better method of saving paper. (我们必须想出
节约纸张的更好的办法。)
Things will work out if you are just patient enough. (如果你有足够
的耐心,事情会得到解决的。)
worth; worthwhile; worthy; worthless
【词义辨析】
1 worth
“
……
……”
的意思是值
钱,值得
,后接名词或主动语态的
“
”
动名词(有被动的含义)作宾语,表示很值得时要用well worth。
How much is the picture worth? (这幅画值多少钱?)
New York is a city worth visiting. (纽约这个城市值得去参观。)
2 worthwhile
“
”
的意思是值得干的,有价值的,有意义的,可作
表语,也可作定语。用作表语时,可以接动名词或动词不定式。
He thinks teaching foreigners Chinese is worthwhile. (他认为,教
外国人学汉语是很有意义的。)
My hometown is a beautiful place, it is worthwhile going/ to go there.
(我的家乡是个美丽的地方,值得一去。)
Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion. (谢谢你提出的好建
议。)
3 worthy
“
”
的意思是有价值的,有意义的,值得尊敬的,可作表
“
语和定语。用作定语时,意思是有价值的,值得尊敬的,应受到赏
”
“
……
”
识的;用作表语时,意思是值得
,应得到的,配得上,其后常
接介词of 加名词、动名词被动式或不定式被动式。
He felt that he had done something which was worthy. (他觉得自
己做的事情是有价值的。)
She said that she was not worthy to be my wife. (她说,她不配做
我的妻子。)
He is a teacher worthy of great respect. (他是个值得尊敬的老
师。)
注意 worthy of+动名词与worth+动名词的区别:worthy of 后面
接被动式的动名词; 而worth 后面接主动式的动名词,但其意义仍然
是被动的。
这幅画不值得买。
This picture is not worthy of being bought.
This picture is not worth buying.
4 worthless
“
”
的意思是没有价值的,没用的,毫无价值的,可作
定语或表语等。
It is worthless. Just throw it away. (这东西没什么用,把它扔
掉。)
He is a worthless member of the society. (他是这个社会中没有价
值的人。)
would like to do; would like to have done
【词义辨析】
1 would like to do
“
”
的意思是想要做某事,是一种委婉客气的说
法,would 也可以换为should。
I would like to know how you get it. (我想知道你是怎么得到它
的。)
She would not like to speak about it in my presence. (她不愿在我
面前说这件事。)
2 would like to have done
“
的意思是过去想做某事可事实上却未
”
做,would 也可以换为should。
I'd like to have taken you around the garden, but I had to see him.
(我本来想带你参观一下花园,可是我必须去见他。)[实际上并
没有带你参观。]
There are a lot of things I should like to have asked you. (有很多事
情我本来想问问你。)[实际上并没有问。]
would like; would rather
【词义辨析】
1 would like
“
”
“
……
”
的意思是想要,愿意,希望,表示有
想法,
后面可接不定式、名词、代词等作宾语。
I would like to ask you a question. (我想问你一个问题。)
What would you like to do this evening? (今晚你想做什么?)
2 would rather
“
……”
的意思是宁可做
,表示几者之间选其一,后
接不带to 的不定式。
I would rather eat nothing instead of the bread. (我宁肯什么也不
吃,也不吃这面包。)
I would rather not tell you about that. (我宁愿不告诉你那件事
情。)
词汇Y
year by year; year after year
【词义辨析】
1 year by year
“
”
的意思是年复一年,年年,表示逐年转变,强调
变化。
The little girl grows more beautiful year by year. (这个小女孩长得
一年比一年漂亮。)
GDP of this country is increasing year by year. (这个国家的GDP
年年增长。)
2 year after year
“
”
意思是年复一年,一年又一年,强调重复。
The father has taken care of his son year after year. (父亲年复一年
地照顾他的儿子。)
We had been to that place for holiday year after year. (我们每年都
到这个地方休假。)