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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 19 词汇 J
job; work; task
【词义辨析】
1 job 是可数名词,多用于口语,侧重指受雇用的、以谋生为目
的的工作,不论有无技术,也不管是零工或散工。
He has a job in the library. (他在图书馆里有份工作。)
He has found a spare-time job. (他找到了一份兼职工作。)
It's a policeman's job to maintain law and order. (警察的职责就是
维护法制与社会秩序。)
2 work 是不可数名词,含义广,指人们日常生活和工作中所从
事的有目的的体力或脑力劳动。表示“作品,著作,工程”等要用
work 的复数形式works。
I have a lot of work to do. (我有许多工作要做。)
He was tired after a day's work in the fields. (在田地里劳作一天后
他很疲劳。)
I like the works of Shakespeare. (我喜欢莎士比亚的著作。)
3 task 通常指分派给的任务,也指自愿的工作,但往往是艰巨或
令人厌烦的工作。
She had the difficult task of cleaning all the windows. (她的苦差事
是擦干净所有的窗户。)
This task is accomplished by great effort. (这项任务是经过巨大努
力才完成的。)
joke; fun
【词义辨析】
两者都有“开玩笑”的意思。
1 joke 作名词为“笑话,玩笑”的意思,作动词为“开玩笑”的
意思,常用词组为play (make) a joke,意思是“开玩笑”。
We all played a joke on him. (我们大家开了他一个玩笑。)
He told us a funny joke. (他给我们讲了个有趣的笑话。)
She was fond of making a joke. (她爱开玩笑。)
2 fun 是不可数名词,意思为“取笑,玩笑,嬉笑”,常用的词
组为make fun of,意思为“取笑”。
There's no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards. (整个
晚上打扑克牌没有意思。)
Don't make fun of me. (不要取笑我。)
journalist; reporter; newsman
【词义辨析】
三者都有“记者”的意思,一般可以换用。
1 journalist 指从事新闻、杂志、广播电视业的新闻工作者或新闻
记者,其工作主要是采集新闻,就此为报刊、电视或广播撰稿。
His son wants to be a photograph journalist. (他的儿子想当一名摄
影记者。)
He published a book on professional accomplishment of journalists.
(他出版了一本关于新闻工作者职业修养的书。)
2 reporter 指为媒体报道新闻的记者或新闻通讯员,尤其指外出
采访的记者,其工作主要是采写新闻或播送新闻报道。
He became a reporter for China Daily. (他成为《中国日报》的记
者。)
The reporter was hit by some gangsters. (那个记者被一些歹徒打
了。)
3 newsman 指收集、报道或编辑新闻的人,也可以指新闻记者,
与journalist 相当。
They tried to fend off the questions raised by the newsman. (他们
试图回避新闻记者的问题。)
I want to be a newsman, because this is an interesting job. (我想成
为一名新闻记者,因为这是一份有趣的工作。)
journey; travel; trip; tour; voyage
【词义辨析】
这五个词都可表示“旅行”的意思。
1 journey 表示“旅行,旅程”,为最普通用词,侧重指时间较
长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行,也可指水上或空中的旅行。
Mr. Smith made a journey from Beijing to Tokyo. (史密斯先生作
了一次从北京到东京的旅行。)
At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.
(起初,我担心这趟旅程对她来说太长。)
2 travel 泛指旅行,表示长期或短期的旅行,尤其是指长途的、
不着重某一目的地的旅行和到国外旅行。也可表示无论出于什么目
的、使用任何交通工具的旅行,单、复数均可用。
At present, many people are fond of traveling in their spare time.
(目前,许多人都喜欢在业余时间去旅游。)
He has just returned from his travels. (他刚刚旅行回来。)
I am reading a book about the travel to South Pole. (我正在读一本
关于去南极旅游的书。)
3 trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行,远足”,也可以指长途
旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。
We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.
(上周,我们乘船去海岛旅游,玩得很开心。)
I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. (暑
假期间我将去海边旅行。)
4 tour 指考察、观光等巡回各地的旅行或短程旅行。
We went on a tour of the city. (我们游览了一下这座城市。)
He is making a tour of the world. (他周游世界去了。)
5 voyage 多指水上旅行,海洋旅行,有时也用于空中、太空旅
行。
They made a voyage across the Pacific by air. (他们乘飞机作了一
次横渡太平洋的航行。)
She usually gets seasick during the voyage. (航海旅行时他经常晕
船。)
joy; pleasure; enjoyment
【词义辨析】
1 joy 语气最强,意思为“欢乐,喜悦”,常指强烈的或欣喜若
狂的状态。
The rule of joy and the law of duty seem to me all one. (快乐的标
准与义务的法则对我来说是同一件事。)
I was filled with joy when I saw her. (见到她时,我满心欢喜。)
2 pleasure 为最普通的常用词,意思为“愉快,快乐”,常指不
表露出来的满意或喜悦情绪,也指强烈的愉快或兴奋感。
One of the greatest pleasures of life is conversation. (生活中最大
的乐事之一就是交谈。)
It's a great pleasure for me to meet you in a strange place. (在一个
陌生的地方遇到你,我很高兴。)
3 enjoyment 语气最轻,意思为“享乐,快乐,消遣”,由令人
满足或有利的东西引起的持久的高兴。
Books are her major source of enjoyment. (书籍是她快乐的主要
源泉。)
One of the best things in life is the enjoyment of good health. (人生
乐事之一就是享有健康。)
just; just now; just then
【词义辨析】
1 just 是副词,作“刚刚,刚才,正好”讲,常和现在完成时连
用。
I have just finished dinner. (我刚吃过饭。)
That is just what I want to know. (那正是我想知道的。)
2 just now 作“刚才,现在”讲时,常与一般过去时连用,位于
句首或者句末。也可以用于现在或将来时,用于加重语气,意为
“现在,此刻”。
The foreign ministers arrived just now. (外国部长们刚到。)
I'm busy just now. (我现在很忙。)
I'll tell you the story just now if you have time to listen to it. (如果
你有时间,我马上就把故事讲给你听。)
3 just then 的意思是“就在那时”,just 此时用来加重then 的语
气。
Just then the meaning of what had been said burst upon him. (就在
那个时候,他突然领悟到刚才那番话的含义。)
It was just then that he heard the cry in the river. (就在这个时候,
他听到了河里的叫声。)