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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 16 词汇 G
gain; get; win; earn; obtain
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词都有获得,得到,赢得的意思。
1 gain 指获得有用或者必需的东西,侧重指经过努力或有意识的
行动而取得某种成就,或获得某种利益、好处。
He soon gained strength again after illness. (他病后很快又恢复了
体力。)
She gained some experience in this training. (在这次培训中,她
获得了一些经验。)
2 get 最普通,使用最广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一
定要经过努力,用法没有gain 正式。
She got nothing but trouble for her efforts. (她的努力不但徒劳无
功,反而惹来一身麻烦。)
He got high marks in maths and science. (他在数学和自然科学两
门功课上得了高分。)
3 win 指在竞赛、游戏、选举中获胜、得奖或赢,主要指通过努
力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。
If I win a lot of money, I'll travel round the world. (如果我赢得很
多钱,我要去周游世界。)
The young player won the game. (那个年轻人获得了比赛的胜
利。)
4 earn 指通过工作挣钱、赢得或获得应得之物,侧重指依靠自己
的劳动或因付出代价与有功劳而获得。
His achievements earned him respect and admiration. (他的成就为
他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。)
He earns his living by selling vegetables in a market. (他在市场卖
菜以维持生计。)
5 obtain
“
”
“
”
多用于正式场合,包含着努力,希望或决意去获得某
物的意思,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东
西。
The custom still obtains in some areas. (某些地区仍保留着这一习
俗。)
Knowledge can be obtained through study. (知识可由学习获
得。)
game; match; race; sport
【词义辨析】
“
”
四者都有比赛的意思。
1 game
“
”
的意思是游戏,比赛,指有一定规则的游戏或运动,且
以输赢为主要目的,game 还可指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛。
We lost the first game. (第一场比赛,我们失败了。)
Nanjing won the hosting right for 2014 Youth Olympic Games. (南
京获得了2014 年青年奥运会的举办权。)
2 match
“
”
的意思是竞赛,比赛,一般指竞技比赛,如较正式的
球类比赛(网球、高尔夫球、拳击)等。
There will be a football match this afternoon. (今天下午将有一场
足球比赛。)
Who won the tennis match? (谁赢了那场网球比赛?)
3 race 多指田径类的比赛以及赛跑、赛马、赛车等。
They were strong and won the boat race. (他们很棒,赢得了划艇
比赛。)
I won the second place in the race. (我在比赛中获得了亚军。)
4 sport 概念较广,可指各种运动或户外游戏,多限于体力锻炼,
不以输赢为主要目的。
I think football is an exciting sport. (我认为足球是一种刺激的运
动。)
The school sports meeting will be held next week. (学校运动会将
于下个星期举行。)
gaze; glare; look; stare
【词义辨析】
“
”
四者都有看的意思。
1 gaze
“
”
意思为凝视,盯着看,一般指由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦或
感兴趣而目不转睛地看,常用词组为gaze at。
She gazed at guests in disbelief. (她用怀疑的目光盯着客人。)
After gazing at the display for several minutes, the old man went back
into his shop. (老人对陈列品凝视了几分钟之后,便回他店里去
了。)
2 glare
“
”
意思是瞪眼,怒视,多指由于嫉妒、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢
而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看,常用词组为glare at。
The two dogs stood there glaring at each other. (这两条狗站在那
里怒目相视。)
The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the thief and did not say
a word. (这位老先生只是站在那里对那个贼怒目而视,一个字也没
有说。)
3 look
“
”
意思是看,瞧,指有意识地使用眼睛或视力,常用词组
为look at。
She looked at the wall but she couldn't see any words on it. (她看着
墙,但看不见一个字。)
He is looking at the stranger. (他正盯着这个陌生人看。)
4 stare
“
”
意思是盯着看,常指睁大眼睛、目不转睛地看。
He sat staring at the floor thinking. (他坐着,一边凝视着地板,
一边思考。)
He stared at me and tried to remember who I was. (他盯着我看,
试图记起我是谁。)
genius; gift; talent
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有天才的意思,但用法不一样。
1 genius
“
”
意思是天才,是这三个词当中语气最强烈的一个,它
是指天生就具有超人的才能、非凡的想象力和创造力。
Li Bai was a great genius. (李白是个伟大的天才。)
He's a genius at mathematics. (他是个数学天才。)
2 gift
“
”
意思是天赋,可用复数,指在某一方面有比较特殊的才
能。
My father is a man of many gifts. (我爸爸是个多才多艺的人。)
She has a gift for music. (她有音乐天赋。)
3 talent
“
”
意思是才能,一般不用复数,指通过后天的努力而获得
“
”
的才能。
As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization. (作为小说
家,他在描写人物方面显示出很强的功力。)
He showed great talent in literature. (他显示出超群的文学才
能。)
get along; get along with
【词义辨析】
1 get along
“
”
意思为进展,进行,融洽相处,生活下去,与get
along 意思相似的词组是get on。get along 后面不能带宾语,但可以
加副词。
How is everything getting along? (情况怎么样?)
The project is getting along much better now. (这项工程现在进展
得好多了。)
He managed to get along without much money. (他设法不用多少
钱就对付过去。)
2 get along with 后接sb.
“
……
……
”
意思为与
相处,与
和睦相处; get
along with 后接sth.
“
……”
意思为继续做
。
She gets along with her classmates very well. (她与她的同学们相
处得很好。)
How are the builders getting along with your new house? (建筑工
人把你的新房盖得如何了?)
get ready; prepare; prepare for
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有准备的意思,但是具体含义和用法有所区别。
1 get ready
“
”
的意思是准备好,着重指准备的结果,常用的词组
为get ready for
“
”
,意思是准备好做某事。
We're getting ready for the sports meeting. (我们正在为运动会作
准备。)
The team is getting ready to swim. (这个团队正准备游泳。)
2 prepare
“
”
为准备之意。prepare sth.
“
”
意为准备某事,强调准备
的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者。prepare for sth.
“
……
”
意为为
作好准备。
I prepared my lessons while my father was preparing supper. (我正
在准备功课,爸爸在做晚饭。)
She prepared food for her uncle. (她为叔叔准备食物。)
3 prepare for
“
……
”
是为
作准备的意思,for 后面的宾语是准备的
目的。
The students are preparing for the final exam. (学生们在为期末考
试作准备。)
Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates?
(你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会作些准备工作?)
get sb. to do; make sb. do
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有使某人做某事的意思。
1 get 后的不定式要带to。
I'll get him to answer the question. (我要让他回答这个问题。)
You will never get me to leave the city. (你休想让我离开这个城
市。)
2 make 后的不定式不带to。
The teacher made him recite the text. (老师让他背诵课文。)
The bad news made him cry. (这个坏消息让他流泪。)
give; present; send; offer
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词都可以表示送,给的意思。
1 give
“
”
含义最广,也最常用,意思为给。
Give the eggs to the patients. (把这些鸡蛋送给那些病人。)
Give him the book. (把书给他。)
2 present
“
”
表示赠送,尤其指在某种仪式上颁发、授予。
They presented a cup to him for his achievement in the field of
literature. (他们向他颁发了一个奖杯以表彰他在文学领域取得的成
就。)
They presented flowers to their teacher. (他们给老师献花。)
3 send
“
”
意思为寄送,发送。
Send him the book. (把书寄给他。)
I send a hundred yuan to the old man every month. (我每个月都要
给那个老人寄100 元钱。)
He sent a gift to his girlfriend. (他给女朋友寄了一个礼物。)
4 offer
“
”
意思为提供,通常表示主动给别人,让别人选择要不
要。
They offered some rice and vegetables for the homeless people. (他
们为那些无家可归的人提供了一些大米和蔬菜。)
The committee offered him a job, but he didn't accept it. (委员会为
他提供了一个工作岗位,但他没有接受。)
give in; give up
【词义辨析】
1 give in
“
”
是被迫屈服,放弃,让步的意思,后面一般不可直接
跟宾语。
His mother gave in and bought him a new computer. (他母亲拗不
过他,只得给他买了一台新电脑。)
He always gives in to his leaders and does whatever they tell him to
do. (他总是向领导们妥协,做他们让他做的任何事情。)
2 give up
“
”
一般是主动放弃,让步的意思,其后一般接名词、
代词或动名词作宾语。
They decided to give up joining the club. (他们决定放弃参加俱乐
部。)
We had to give up the castle to the enemy. (我们只得把城堡拱手
让给了敌人。)
注意 give up 和give in
“
”
都有投降的意思。
Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. (我方的三
名军官向敌人投降了。)
He can't continue fighting. He will soon give in. (他无法继续战斗
了,很快将投降。)
give off; give out; send out
【词义辨析】
1 give off
“
”
的意思是释放,散发出,一般指放出光、烟、气味
等。
The box is giving off a strange smell. (盒子里正散发出一种怪
味。)
The fire is giving off a lot of smoke. (这堆火正在冒浓烟。)
2 give out
“
”
的意思是发出,放出,指发出声音、光线、气味
“
”
等。还可指分发,发布,用完,消耗尽的意思。
This device gives out flashes of light in the fog. (这个装置在雾中
会发出光。)
The students are giving out leaflets. (学生们正在分发传单。)
3 send out
“
”
意思为发出,派遣,一般指发出信号等。
A soldier is sending out a signal to the front line. (一名战士正在向
前线发射信号。)
The ship sent out a message for help. (这艘船发出了求救信
号。)
glad; happy; pleasant; pleased
【词义辨析】
“
”
四个词都有高兴的意思。
1 glad
“
”
意思为高兴的,乐意的,指一时短暂的强烈喜悦,只能
用于人。它只能作表语,不作定语。
We're glad that you have passed the exam. (我们很高兴你通过了
考试。)
I'm glad that you have made some progress in reading. (我很高兴
看到你在阅读方面取得了一些进步。)
2 happy
“
”
意思为幸福的,高兴的,包含着一种强烈的满足感,
可用于人或事物,可作定语及表语。
We are so happy that you could send us so many books. (很高兴你
能寄这么多书给我们。)
This is a happy tour. (这是一趟快乐的旅程。)
3 pleasant
“
”
意思为令人愉快的,舒适的,一般只作定语。
We spent a pleasant day in the country. (我们在乡下度过了愉快的
一天。)
This is a pleasant journey. (这是一趟令人愉快的旅行。)
4 pleased
“
”
意思为喜悦的,满足的,指持续时间较长的喜悦,只
能用于人,一般只作表语。
My father was pleased with my full mark in English. (我英语得了
满分,爸爸很高兴。)
I'm pleased to inform you that you are employed by our company.
(我很高兴地通知你,你被我们公司聘用了。)
go for a holiday; go on holiday; take a holiday;
have a holiday; (be)on holiday
【词义辨析】
“
”
这几个词组都有度假,休假的意思,意思比较接近,有时可以
互换。
1 go for a holiday
“
”
的意思是去度假,一般表示打算去度假。
They are going for a month's holiday in Dalian. (他们打算去大连
度假一个月。)
It's said that our coach has gone to Greek for holidays. (据说,我
们的教练到希腊去度假了。)
2 go on holiday
“
”
是去度假,去休假的意思,一般表示状态,指
正在度假中。
Where shall we go on holiday? (我们要到哪里度假啊?)
They all went on holiday last week. (上周他们都去度假了。)
3 take a holiday 和have a holiday
“
”
都表示休假,度假的意思。
I'd like to take a holiday with you, but I can't because of business.
(我很想和你们一起去度假,但我事务缠身,不能如愿。)
I hope to have a holiday in Tokyo this year. (我希望今年去东京度
假。)
I recommend you to take a holiday. (我劝你休假吧。)
4 (be) on holiday
“
”
表示在休假(中),在度假(中)。
Our teacher is on holiday now. (我们的老师正在休假。)
Sanya is a perfect place to be on holiday. (三亚是一个度假的理想
去处。)
go on doing sth.; go on to do sth.; go on with sth.
【词义辨析】
三者意思比较接近,但是具体含义有区别。
1 go on doing sth.
“
”
意思是继续做某事,表示继续或不间断地做
同一件事情。
He went on smoking. (他继续抽烟。)
The students went on talking and laughing all the way. (一路上,
学生们一直有说有笑。)
Though it was eight o'clock, they went on working. (虽然已经8 点
了,但他们还继续工作着。)
2 go on to do sth.
“
”
意思是继续做某事,表示做完一件事后继续做
另一件事。
We will go on to play basketball after the meeting is over. (会议结
束后,我们将继续打篮球。)
After he cleaned the windows, he went on to wash the clothes. (擦
完窗户后,他接着洗衣服。)
3 go on with sth.
“
”
意思是接着做某事,表示一度中止后再继续做
某事。
We'll go on with our work after breakfast. (早餐后我们将继续工
作。)
After a rest,we went on with our lesson. (休息以后,我们继续
上课。)
【正误比较】
写完作业后他又继续读课文。
【错误】 After finishing his homework, he went on reading the
text.
【正确】 After finishing his homework, he went on to read the text.
go on strike; be on strike
【词义辨析】
1 go on strike
“
”
的意思是举行罢工,一般强调罢工的动作。
The oil workers went on strike for the political rights. (石油工人们
为争取政治权利而罢工。)
The bus drivers went on strike. (公共汽车司机们举行罢工。)
2 be on strike
“
”
是在罢工的意思,一般强调处于罢工的状态。
The taxi drivers in France have been on strike for several months.
(法国的出租车司机已经罢工好几个月了。)
We can't find any doctors in the hospital; they are on strike in the
street. (医院里找不到一个医生,他们都在街上参加罢工。)
go to bed; go to sleep; fall asleep
【词义辨析】
1 go to bed
“
”
意思是去睡觉,指上床去睡觉,但并不意味着已经
睡着。
You'd better go to bed now because youll have to get up earlier
tomorrow morning. (你最好现在就寝,因为你明早要早起。)
My son usually goes to bed at ten. (我儿子通常10 点钟上床睡
觉。)
2 go to sleep
“
”
意思是正在入睡,一般指躺在床上还没睡着。
Last night I was too excited to go to sleep. (昨晚我激动得不能入
睡。)
He went to sleep at two this morning !(今天凌晨两点他才睡
着。)
3 fall asleep
“
”
意思是入睡,表示已经睡着了。
The baby fell asleep as soon as he lay down. (婴儿一躺下就睡着
了。)
I couldn't fall asleep last night because I got a bad cold. (我昨晚没
有睡着,因为我感冒了。)
gold; golden; gilded
【词义辨析】
1 gold
“
”
作形容词时,表示某物是金制的,是真金制品。
All that glitters is not gold. (发光的未必都是金子。)
I bought three gold coins yesterday. (昨天我买了三枚金币。)
The Chinese team got 51 gold medals in Beijing Olympic Games.
(在北京奥运会上,中国队获得了51 枚金牌。)
2 golden
“
”
是金色的,金子般的意思,表示某物在外表或色彩上
像金子,其实不是由金子制作的。
You have a golden opportunity to travel and learn. (你有一个旅游
和学习的绝好机会。)
The French girl has bright golden hair. (那个法国女孩有一头明亮
的金发。)
3 gilded
“
”
是镀金的意思,指某一物品外表被镀上了一层金箔,
物品的里面是非金子材料。
They put four gilded chairs and two tables in the hall. (他们在大厅
里放了4 张镀金椅子和2 张桌子。)
These medals are gilded with at least 5g of pure gold. (这些奖牌至
少被镀上了5 克纯金。)
govern; rule; control
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都可表示统治,但用法有别。
1 govern
“
”
表示通过政权、宪法或者其他形式进行管理,含有褒
义。
They demand the right to govern themselves. (他们要求自治
权。)
2 rule
“
”
意思为统治,侧重某人有制定法律、发号施令、强迫使
他人服从的最高或绝对的权力,含有贬义。
The invaders ruled the land with a stern discipline. (侵略者用严格
的纪律统治着这片土地。)
Don't be ruled by hatred. (不要被仇恨所支配。)
The tyrant ruled the country for 20 years. (这位暴君统治了这个国
家20 年。)
3 control 指通过权力或影响加以监督和控制,也常指控制自己的
情绪或操纵机器等。
The British government at that time controlled the island. (当时英
国政府控制该岛。)
She is skillful enough to control the machine now. (现在她已有了
足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。)
grab; rob; steal
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都与偷,抢有关,但是用法不一样。
1 grab
“
”
意思是攫取,抢夺,夺取,常指一把揽过来的意思,体
现抓或夺取的动作很快、很粗暴。
The thief grabbed the bag on the table and ran away. (小偷抓起桌
上的包就跑了。)
He grabbed my necklace. (他抢了我的项链。)
2 rob
“
”
的意思是抢劫,掠夺,指用暴力手段强取别人的东西,
性质比较恶劣。
The criminal robbed the businessman of 5,000 yuan. (这名罪犯抢
劫了商人5000 元。)
The supermarket was robbed last night. (这家超市昨夜遭到了抢
劫。)
3 steal
“
”
意思为偷,窃取,其宾语是被偷的东西,还可用被动语
态。
Some cars were stolen from the factory last night. (昨晚这个工厂
的一些车辆被盗了。)
He stole a bike from a shop. (他从商店里偷了一辆自行车。)
grand; great
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都和大有关系,但用法有区别。
1 grand
“
”
意思为盛大的,豪华的,重大的,一般用于典礼、开
幕式或阅兵等重大活动,形容场面盛大、有气派。
A grand ceremony was held at Tian’anmen Square to celebrate the
61st anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. (为
庆祝中华人民共和国成立61 周年,天安门广场举行了盛大的仪
式。)
We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of
the mountain. (当我们爬上了山巅时,我们看到了云海的壮观景
象。)
2 great
“
”
为普通用词,可指具体东西的大,但更常指事物的重
要,人的行为、品格的伟大等,带一定的感情色彩。
There is a great tree in front of our house. (我们的屋前有棵大
树。)
Lu Xun is a great writer and revolutionist. (鲁迅是一位伟大的作
家和革命家。)
grow; plant; raise
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有种植的意思,但其含义和用法不同。
1 grow 着重指种植以后的栽培、管理过程。
The farmers grew wheat and corn in this field. (农民们在这块田里
种植了小麦和玉米。)
He grows many kinds of flowers in his back garden. (他在后花园
里种了各种各样的花。)
2 plant
“
”
着重指种植这一行为,隐含着只负责种但不一定负责后
期管理的意思。
How many trees have you planted this year? (你们今年植了多少
棵树?)
Have you planted any vegetables yet? (你种蔬菜了吗?)
3 raise
“
”
做种植之意时,通常指培养花卉以及较难管理的植物,
强调从小精心培养到大。raise
“
”
还可以表示养育(子女)等。
We raised silkworms to get silk. (我们养蚕以获取丝绸。)
He has a large family to raise. (他要养活一大家子人。)
【正误比较】
那位农民在这块田里种植水稻。
【错误】 The farmer plants rice in this field.
【正确】 The farmer grows rice in this field.
grow into; grow up
【词义辨析】
1 grow into
“
”
是长成,发展成的意思,强调生长的结果。
The school has grown into a comprehensive university. (这所学校
已经变成一所综合性大学了。)
The girl has grown into a beautiful young maid. (这个女孩已经长
成一个美丽的少女。)
2 grow up
“
”
是成长,向上生长,崛起的意思。
I want to be a geologist when I grow up. (我长大想当一名地质学
家。)
Children must study hard to serve their country when they grow up.
(为长大后报效祖国,孩子们要努力学习。)
ground; earth; land; mud; soil
【词义辨析】
1 ground
“
”
意思为地面,土地,通常指大地的表面,也可指土
壤、泥土或场地。
The teacher and the students are sitting on the ground. (老师与学生
们都坐在地上。)
Snow covers the ground. (雪覆盖着地面。)
2 earth 多指地表带有水分的泥土,较具体。
The man-made satellite burst and fell to earth. (人造卫星燃烧后落
到地上。)
The man put a handful of earth into a plastic bag. (那个人将一把
泥土放进塑料袋里。)
3 land
“
”
意思为国土,陆地,通常指与河流、海洋相对的陆地,
也指可耕种的土地。
The new land was quickly populated by the new settlers. (这块处女
地很快被新来的移民居住上了。)
Land values are becoming higher and higher with the rising of house
price. (随着房价的上涨,土地的价值变得越来越高。)
4 mud
“
”
意思为泥浆,多指湿土,特别是雨后的稀泥。
Our car got stuck in the mud. (我们的车陷在泥里了。)
Her shoes were covered with mud. (她的鞋沾满泥浆。)
5 soil
“
”
意思为土壤,特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥
土。
This soil is very sandy. (这种土壤含沙很多。)
Plants grow well in good soil. (植物在肥沃的土壤里生长得旺
盛。)