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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 5 词汇 B1
bad; badly
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有坏的,不好的意思,比较级和最高级都是worse,
worst。
1 bad
“
”
是形容词,是坏的,严重的之意,常用结构be bad for 的
“
……
”
意思是对
有害。
What bad weather today!(今天天气真糟!)
Drinking too much is bad for your health. (喝太多的酒有害健
康。)
My friend told me a piece of bad news. (我的朋友告诉了我一个
令人不快的消息。)
2 badly
“
”
“
”
是副词,有坏,恶劣地之意,还有很,非常,严重地
的意思,在口语中更常见。
His left leg was badly hurt. (他的左腿受了重伤。)
She wants this skirt badly. (她非常想要这条裙子。)
ban; forbid; prohibit
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有禁止,不允许的意思,但用法有区别。
1 ban 语气较重,表示官方正式地禁止危险的、危害公众的事
物,常用结构为ban sb. from (doing) sth.。
Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!(禁止原子武器和核武器!)
Some countries subscribed Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. (一些
国家签署了《部分禁止核试验条约》。)
The Chinese government bans its citizens from hiding a weapon.
(中国政府禁止公民私藏武器。)
2 forbid
“
”
指命令某人不做某事,常用结构为forbid sb. (from)
doing sth.或forbid sb. to do sth.。
The doctor forbids the patients to smoke. (医生禁止病人吸烟。)
His father forbade them mentioning the topic again. (他爸爸不允
许他们再提那个话题。)
3 prohibit
“
”
指通过法律或政府法令禁止,含有违反禁令就要负法
律责任的意思,常用结构为prohibit sb. from doing sth.。
The prisoners were prohibited from leaving the jail. (囚犯不准离开
监狱。)
Nuclear powers are prohibited from selling this technology to some
small countries. (禁止核大国把该项技术出售给一些小国家。)
bank; beach; coast; shore
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词都有岸边的意思,但每个词又有各自的用法。
1 bank
“
”
“
”
的意思是河岸,堤岸,湖岸,一般不用来指海岸。
He climbed down the bank to catch a bird. (他爬下河堤去追赶一
只小鸟。)
The company is on the bank of the Changjiang River. (这家公司位
于长江岸边。)
2 beach
“
”
指海岸,主要指接近海水较为平坦的地方,通常指涨
潮时有水,退潮时无水的部分,其上往往覆盖有沙子或碎石而不是
泥土,适合于游泳、日光浴或停靠小船等。
The children were all playing on the beach. (孩子们都在海岸上
玩。)
3 coast
“
”
是海岸,海岸线的意思,是地理上的专用名词,通常
“
”
指狭长的海岸,多有清晰的边界概念,不能用来指河岸或湖岸。
I lived in a small town on the coast. (我生活在一个海滨小镇。)
China has a coastline of 32,000 kilometers. (中国海岸线的长度为
3.2 万千米。)
4 shore
“
”
“
”
是岸,滨的意思,通常指大面积的湖泊和海的岸边,
可指围绕海洋、河流及湖泊旁边的陆地,含有与水相对的意味,比
较笼统,既可以包括beach,也可以指岩石突兀或陡峭的岸边。
We walked along the shore of the lake. (我们沿着湖滨散步。)
As soon as they were safely back to shore, Tom rushed to a toilet.
(他们一安全靠岸,汤姆就向厕所跑去。)
base; basis; foundation
【词义辨析】
“
”
这三个名词都有基础的意思,但用法有区别。
1 base
“
”
意思为基地,该词侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基
础,也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。
The U.S.A. has many military bases in other countries. (美国在其
他国家有很多军事基地。)
The university has many teaching bases in some foreign countries.
(这所大学在其他一些国家有许多教学基地。)
2 basis 用来指非物质方面的基础。
His ideas have no basis in reality. (他的意见缺乏现实基础。)
We should give up all kinds of discrimination especially that on the
basis of race or religion. (我们要抛弃各种偏见,特别是基于种族或
者宗教的偏见。)
3 foundation 用于具体意义时,侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础
或地基; 用作比喻意义时,与basis
“
”
基本相同,另外还有基金的意
思。
The forum lays a very solid foundation for the relationship between
the two sides. (论坛为双方的关系打下了良好的基础。)
My mother works in Children's Foundation. (我妈妈在儿童基金会
工作。)
battle; fight; struggle; war
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词都含有战斗,斗争的意思,但用法有一定区别。
1 battle 指的是war
“
”
中的战役,战斗,常指大的、连续数小时乃
至数天的战争。
Many officers and soldiers sacrificed themselves in the battle of
Shangganling. (许多官兵在上甘岭战役中牺牲了。)
In fact, no reasons can be used to explain for the failure of the battle
of Waterloo. (事实上,没有任何原因可以用来解释滑铁卢战役的失
败。)
2 fight
“
”
“
……
”
意为战斗或与
斗争,指具体的人与人之间或动物之
间的争斗,常用的词组为fight for
……
(为
而战),fight against
……
(与
战斗),fight about
……
(因为
而战)。
What are the boys fighting about? (这些男孩为什么打架?)
The Chinese people fought against the Japanese for 8 years. (中国
人民同日本侵略军进行了八年的抗战。)
People often have to fight for their liberty and happiness. (人们往
往不得不为自由和幸福而战。)
3 struggle 指较长时间的激烈争斗,常指肉体、精神上的战斗,
常用词组为struggle for
… …
(为
而斗争),struggle against 或
struggled with
……
(同
斗争)。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness. (他一生跟疾病作了艰
苦的斗争。)
The army struggled against Japanese imperialists. (这部队与日本
帝国主义作斗争。)
4 war 是战争的总称,包含多次的战役,常用的词组为at war,
“
”
意思为在交战,在打仗或declare war on (upon)
“
……
,意思为向
宣
”
战。
We experienced two world wars in the last century. (上个世纪我们
经历了两次世界大战。)
The two countries were at war for three years. (这两个国家打了三
年仗了。)
The North has declared war on the South. (北方宣布向南方开
战。)
be; become; get; grow; turn
【词义辨析】
“
”
这几个词都是用来表示变化的系动词,但用法有所不同。
1 be
“
”
表示成为的意思时,多用于将来时、祈使语气或不定式。
He will be an astronaut. (他将成为一名宇航员。)
He will be a singer. (他将成为一个歌唱家。)
2 become
“
”
意思是变得,成为,指变化过程已经完成,用法比较
正式,后面可接名词或者形容词。
He has become a famous actor. (他成了一位有名的演员。)
She became ill. (她病倒了。)
He has become a famous man. (他已变成了一个名人。)
3 get
“
”
意思是变得,成为,通常也表示变化的过程已经完成,比
become
“
”
口语化,后面一般跟形容词,表示逐渐变得的结果。
It's getting darker and darker outside. (外面天色越来越暗。)
He has got rich. (他变富了。)
4 grow
“
”
原意是生长,发育,主要用来表示渐进的状态,强调变
化的过程,后面一般接形容词或者动词不定式。
The little bird is growing older. (小鸟渐渐长大了。)
It is growing hot. (天渐渐热起来。)
Everything is growing fast in spring. (万物在春天生长得很快。)
5 turn
“
”
是转变的意思,表示成为与从前不同的东西,常指在颜
色和性质等方面与以前完全不同,强调变化的结果。后面一般接形
容词或名词,接名词时,名词前无冠词。
The flower turned faded. (花枯萎了。)
The trees turn yellow in autumn. (秋天树木变黄。)
be able to; can
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有会,能够之意,但是用法有所不同。
1 be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can 则强调自身已具
有的能力。
She can draw a picture of the sunflower in five minutes. (她用五分
钟就能把向日葵画出来。)
He will be able to draw a picture of the sunflower in a few hours, too.
(几小时之后,他也能把向日葵画出来。)
2 be able to 强调一种结果,而can 只强调一种可能。
Luckily, he was able to save the two boys from the pool in the end.
(幸运的是,他最后能把两个孩子从池塘里救出来。)
He couldn't finish the work so fast. (他无法这么快完成工作。)
3 be able to 可以用于各种时态,有人称、数、时态的变化。can
是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时
中,过去式是could。
Will you be able to come tonight? (今天晚上你能来吗?)
She couldn't talk at the age of two. (她两岁的时候还不会说
话。)
4 can 可用于表示可能性、推测、允许等情况。
Can he win? (他能赢吗?)
He can't have reached the destination. (他不可能已到达目的地
了。)
5 be able to 可以用在不定式之后,can 则不能。
The teacher wishes all of us to be able to go to college. (老师希望
我们都能上大学。)
He hoped to be able to get a high mark in his final exam. (他希望
在最后一次考试中能获得高分。)
be about to do; be going to do; be to do
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者均表示将要的意思,但用法有区别。
1 be about to do 表示即将发生的动作,指最近的将来。
I am about to start. (我就要出发了。)
It is about to rain. (天即将下雨了。)
2 be going to do
“
”
意思为打算,想要,表示将要发生的事情或打
算最近要进行的动作,含有按计划安排去做某事的意思,或用来征
求意见。
What are you going to do tomorrow? (明天你们打算干什么?)
They are going to rent a house. (他们打算租一套房子。)
They are going to have a trip for Hainan the day after tomorrow.
(他们打算后天去海南旅游。)
3 be to do 表示按计划即将发生的动作,或表示约定、职责、义
“
”
务、意图、禁止、可能性等,表示人的意志、计划安排等。
Their son is to get married next month. (他们的儿子下个月结
婚。)
I am to have a holiday. (我计划休假。)
You are to be back by 8 o'clock. (你必须在8 点以前回来。)
The worst is still to come. (最坏的事情还是要发生。)
Not a single sound was to be heard. (一点儿声音也听不到。)
【正误比较】
救护队就要出发了。
【错误】 The rescue team is about to start immediately.
【正确】 The rescue team is about to start.[在含有be about to do
的句子中,不能再加时间状语。]
be afraid of; be afraid that; be afraid to
【词义辨析】
“
”
三个词组都含有害怕,恐怕的意思。
1 be afraid of 表示客观上担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未
必会发生),尤指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢去做某事。
She was afraid of her husband leaving her. (她怕丈夫离开她。)
He was afraid of being stolen on the bus. (他怕在公共汽车上被
偷。)
2 be afraid that
“
”
后接从句,意思为恐怕,that 经常可以省略。
I'm afraid (that) you’ll have to apologize for what you’ve done. (恐
怕你得为你所做的事情道歉。)
I'm afraid you were wrong about that. (恐怕在这件事上是你错
了。)
3 be afraid to do
“
”
表示不敢做,胆怯,是出于主观上的原因不去
做某事。
She was afraid to step further because she was afraid of falling into
the river. (她生怕掉到河里,而不敢再走一步。)
He was afraid to go there by boat. (他不敢乘船到那里。)
The little girl was afraid to travel by plane for she is afraid of falling
to the ground. (这个小女孩不敢坐飞机,因为她生怕从天上掉下
来。)
be angry at; be angry with
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有生气的意思,但用法有所不同。
1 be angry with 后面一般接表示人的名词或者代词,常用词组为
be angry with sb.
“
”
,表示生某人的气,其后还可以带一个由for 构成
的短语来说明生气的原因。
The old woman was angry with her son for her waiting. (那个老妇
人因为等的时间长而生儿子的气。)
My mother is angry with me for not having finished the homework.
(妈妈因为我没有完成作业而生我的气。)
2 be angry at
“
……
”
表示因
而恼怒、生气的意思,at 后面一般接表
示事物的名词或从句,常用词组为be angry at sth.。
Nobody was very angry at what he had done. (没有人对他所做的
事而生气。)
Anybody will be angry at being kept waiting for so long. (让人等
这么长时间,任何人都会生气。)
注意 有的时候如果表示十分气恼,亦可用at 指人。
They were angry at the boys for their archness. (他们对这些男孩
的顽皮非常恼怒。)[at 在这里强调情绪]
be covered by; be covered with
【词义辨析】
“
……
”
两个短语都有为
所覆盖,遮盖的意思,具体用法有所区
别。
1
“
”
当表达占有(多少面积)的意思时,两个短语可以替换使
“
……
”
“
”
用,通常译为为
所覆盖。如果不属于表达占有(多少面积)
的情况,一般用be covered with。
Two thirds of the area is covered by water. (三分之二的面积为水
覆盖着。)
A quarter of the area is covered with snow. (四分之一的面积为雪
所覆盖。)
2 be covered by
“
……
意思为由
承担/
”
“
……
支付或被
掩护/报道/监
视/
”
控制等,表示抽象的概念,后面接人、机构等。
These expenses are covered by the individual. (这些费用都由个人
负担。)
All railways have been covered by the state. (所有的铁路都被国家
控制。)
3 be covered with
“
……
”
意思为被
覆盖,表示具体的覆盖,如被
雪、草地、布、被子、盖子、罩子等东西盖住。
The empty room is covered with moss. (这间空屋子长满了绿
苔。)
The high mountain is covered with snow all the year round. (这座
高山终年积雪。)
4
“
”
表达覆盖的意思,be covered by 强调被动动作,被动的意味
浓,动作性很强; 而be covered with 强调状态,一般处于自然状态。
The skiing ground is covered by snow. (滑雪场被雪覆盖。)[强
调人工作用]
The skiing ground is covered with snow. (滑雪场被雪覆盖。)
[强调自然状态]
be eager for; be eager to do
【词义辨析】
1 be eager for
“
”
意思为渴望,其后一般接名词。
They are often forgotten and eager for contact with outsiders. (他们
经常被遗忘,渴望与外界交流。)
She is very eager for seeing her mother. (她非常渴望见到她的妈
妈。)
2 be eager to do
“
”
意思为急于做。
The soldiers were eager to fight. (战士们急切想投入战斗。)
The little girl is eager to hear the story. (小姑娘急切地想听这个故
事。)
be expert in/at; be an expert on/at/in
【词义辨析】
1 be expert in/at
“
……
……”
意思是擅长
,精通
,相当于be good
at。
He is expert in/at playing football. (他擅长踢足球。)
He is expert in/at ancient prose. (他精通古文。)
2 be an expert on/at/in
“
”
意思是某方面的专家、高手。
He is an expert at/in cooking. (他是烹饪高手。)
He is an expert at love affairs. (他是情场高手。)
He is an expert in international relationship. (他是国际关系问题专
家。)
be familiar to; be familiar with
【词义辨析】
1 be familiar to
“
……
”
意思是为
所熟悉,一般指某物、某事为某人
所熟悉,主语是物。
The plan isn't too familiar to me. (我对这个计划不太熟悉。)
Japan is familiar to him. (他很熟悉日本。)
The project is familiar to my brother. (我哥哥对这项工程很熟
悉。)
2 be familiar with
“
……”
意思是熟悉
,一般是指某人熟悉某人、某
物,主语是人。
Are you familiar with this type of computer? (你熟悉这种型号的
电脑吗?)
I'm not familiar with my neighbors. (我不太熟悉我的邻居们。)
be famous as; be famous for; be famous to
【词义辨析】
1 be famous as
“
……
……
”
意思为作为
而出名,以
身份闻名,表示
“
”
作为某种身份而出名,其后一般接人。
He is rather famous as a doctor. (他作为一名医生是相当有名
的。)
He is famous as a space hero. (他是作为一名航天英雄而出名
的。)
2 be famous for
“
……
”
“
意思为因
而闻名,表示以某种特产或特长
”
而出名,其后一般跟事物。
He is famous for his novel. (他因为他的小说而著名。)
China is famous for its four great inventions. (中国因四大发明而
闻名。)
Yixing is famous for its purple pottery. (宜兴以紫砂陶瓷而闻
名。)
3 be famous to
“
……
……
后面一般接人,表示对
是熟悉的,为
所熟
”
知的的意思。
Lu Xun is famous to every Chinese. (鲁迅的名字在中国广为人
知。)
The Women's Volleyball Team of China is famous to us. (人们对中
国女排都很熟悉。)
be going to; will
【词义辨析】
两者都可表示将要发生的事或将要去做某事,但它们有如下几
点区别。
1 be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来
时间则较远一些。
He is going to visit a friend this afternoon. (他今天下午要去拜访
一个朋友。)
He will build a villa in his garden one day. (他打算将来在他的花
园建一栋别墅。)
She will go to New Zealand next year. (她明年要去新西兰。)
2 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 则表
示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
The old lady is seriously ill. She is going to die. (老太太病得很严
重,她快要不行了。)
He will be a father some day. (将来他会成为一位父亲。)
3 be going to
“
”
含有计划,准备的意思,而will 并无按规定或计
划之意。
She is going to lend us some money. (她准备借给我们一些钱。)
The fitness center is going to be open on May 1. (这个健身中心将
于5 月1 日开馆。)
4
在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用will。
If you meet with troubles, I'll stay with you and help you. (如果你
遇到困难,我会留在你身边帮助你。)
If he is short of money, I'll lend some to him. (如果他缺钱,我会
借给他一些。)
be good at; be good for; be good to
【词义辨析】
1 be good at
“
……
……”
意思是擅长
,善于
,其后常接名词、代词或
者动名词。
She is good at painting. (她擅长画画。)
The Japanese is good at Chinese calligraphy. (那个日本人擅长中
国书法。)
2 be good for
“
……
”
意思是对
有用,有好处,有利,常用动名词作
主语,其后接表示人或事物的名词。
Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for your health. (多吃蔬
菜和水果对你的健康有益。)
Walking after supper is good for your body. (饭后散步对你的身体
有好处。)
3 be good to
“
……
”
意思是对
友好(和善),后接表示人的名词或
代词。
Be good to the old people and kids. (对老人和孩子要友善。)
The mother-in-law is good to her daughter-in-law. (那个婆婆对她
的儿媳妇很好。)
be ill; fall ill
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都是生病,患病的意思。
1 be ill 相当于be sick,强调状态,可延续。
His grandfather has been ill in bed for a month. (他爷爷已经卧病
在床一个月了。)
He is very ill for he has cancer. (他得了癌症,病得很厉害。)
2 fall ill 相当于become ill/ fall sick 等,强调动作,不可延续。
The newly-born baby fell ill. (刚出生的婴儿病了。)
They often fall ill and suffer from fever. (他们经常得病发烧。)