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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 17 词汇 H1
habit; hobby
【词义辨析】
1 habit
“
”
的意思是习惯,习性,包括日常生活中和工作中养成的
习惯等。
You should get rid of your bad habit. (你应该把你的坏习惯改
掉。)
It's my habit to have a cup of coffee while reading. (读书的时候喝
杯咖啡是我的习惯。)
2 hobby
“
”
的意思是业余爱好,主要指工作之外的嗜好。
He pursued his hobby of collecting stamps for so many years. (许
多年来,他一直保持着收集邮票的嗜好。)
What kind of hobby do you have? (你有什么业余爱好?)
hand down; hand in; hand over; hand out; hands up
【词义辨析】
1 hand down
“
”
的意思是传下来,宣布。
Will you please hand down the pliers from the box? (你能把钳子
从盒子里传给我吗?)
The old house was handed down from one generation to another.
(这座房子世代相传。)
2 hand in
“
……
”
的意思是把
交上来,递交。
All the postgraduates handed in their papers to their tutors this
morning. (所有的研究生都在今天早晨把论文交给了导师。)
The children must hand in their homework in the morning. (孩子们
每天早晨必须交作业。)
3 hand over
“
”
的意思是移交,移送,交出。
You must hand over your passport before you leave. (离开前你必
须交回护照。)
She prepared to hand over all the accounts to the new accountant
before she retired. (她准备在退休前把所有的账目都移交给新的会
计。)
4 hand out
“
”
的意思是分发,发放。
A girl student is helping her teacher to hand out the test papers. (一
个女学生正在帮老师发试卷。)
The teacher was handing out apples to the kids when I got to the
kindergarten. (当我到达幼儿园时,老师正在给孩子们分苹果。)
5 hands up
“
”
的意思是举起手来。
Don't move, hands up! (不许动,举起手来!)
hanged; hung
【词义辨析】
两者都是hang 的过去式和过去分词形式。
1 hanged 为动词hang
“
的规则变化形式,意思是吊死,上吊,处
”
以绞刑。
He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died. (妻子死后,他因
悲伤而自缢。)
The famous actress hanged herself for no reason. (那个著名的女演
员上吊自杀了,原因不详。)
2 hung 是动词hang
“
”
的不规则变化形式,意思是悬,挂等。
I hung my hat on the shelf. (我把帽子挂在架子上。)
His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modern Arts. (他的画在
现代艺术馆展出。)
happen; occur; take place
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者均可表示发生,但它们各有特点,使用上有些差异。
1 happen 表示事情的发生存在一定的偶然性。
He happened to know the place. (他碰巧知道那个地方。)
If anything happens, please let me know. (不管发生什么事,请通
知我。)
2 occur
“
”
意思是发生,出现,存在,被想到,它并不强调偶然与
否,比happen 更加正式。
An excellent idea occurred to me when I was watching the film. (我
看电影时,突然想到一个很好的主意。)
The earthquake occurred when we were in sound sleep. (当我们酣
睡时,地震发生了。)
Panda occurs only in China. (大熊猫只有中国才有。)
3 take place
“
”
表示发生,举行,举办,一般指非偶然性事件的
“
”
发生,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。
The Economic Forum will take place next month. (经济论坛将在
下月举行。)
Great changes have taken place in China during the past thirty years.
(在过去的三十年里,中国发生了巨大的变化。)
hardly; scarcely
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都是副词,都有几乎不,几乎没有的半否定意思,但有细
微的差异。
1 hardly
“
”
强调困难,指程度而言,常用以修饰表示能力的词,
与can, ever, any 等词连用。
Hardly anybody believes that. (几乎没有人相信那件事。)
Her case is so heavy that she can hardly lift it. (她的箱子太重了,
她简直提不起来。)
I can hardly believe that some government officials are involved in
dealing drugs. (我简直不能相信,一些政府官员竟然卷入毒品交
易。)
2 scarcely
“
”
强调不足,主要指数量而言,常与enough, sufficient,
any 或数词连用。
When his mother died he was scarcely two years old. (母亲死时,他
还不满两岁。)
The theater was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room.
(剧院里十分拥挤,几乎没有立足之地。)
注意
“
… …
… …”
在表示一
就
的意义时,hardly... when... 和
scarcely... before... 可互换使用。当hardly 或scarcely 放在句首时,句
子要倒装。
Hardly(Scarcely)had I entered the room when(before)the rain began.
(我刚进入房间不久,就下雨了。)
harm; hurt; injure; wound
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词都可表示受伤害,但含义有所区别。
1 harm 指对人的肉体和精神带来的伤害,特指伤及一个人的健
康、心态、权利、事业等,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽
象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。
I have never harmed anybody. (我没有伤害过任何人。)
The cleaning fluid harms your skin. (清洁剂会损害你的皮肤。)
2 hurt 是普通用词,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上或感情
上的伤害。
He felt hurt at your words. (你的话使他很难过。)
Don't hurt your eyes by reading in dim light. (不要在昏暗的灯光
下看书,以免损害眼睛。)
3 injure
“
”
的意思是损害,危害,比hurt 正式,一般是因意外或
事故造成的损伤,也可指名誉或感情上的伤害。
She was badly injured in the accident. (她在这次事故中严重受
伤。)
What the teacher said in the class really injured his pride. (老师在
教室里说的话深深地伤害了他的自尊心。)
4 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的
伤,特指战场上受的伤。它可以指肉体上的伤害,也可指人们精神
上的创伤。
The soldier was wounded in the arm. (这个士兵的胳膊受伤
了。)
You gave a wound to her pride. (你伤了她的自尊心。)
have been to; have gone to
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都含有去的意思,后面都可以接地点。
1 have been to
“
”
表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那个地方,通常
可与表示次数的状语连用。
He has been to Korea for four times. (他去过韩国四次。)
Have you been to the Yellow River? (你们去过黄河吗?)
2 have gone to
“
”
表示到某地去了,强调说话的人现在不在这儿,
可能正在去某地的途中或已经到达某地。
He has gone to Canada. (他去加拿大了。)
Everyone has gone home. (大家都回家去了。)
have to; have got to; must
【词义辨析】
1 have to
“
”
的意思是不得不,必须,一般表示客观需要,它可用
于多种时态(一般不用于进行时态),且有人称和数的变化。
We have to complete the project before the flooding season. (我们
必须要在洪水季节到来之前完成这个工程。)
He has to admit his criminal behavior before the witness. (在证人
面前,他不得不承认他的犯罪行为。)
2 have got to
“
”
意思为就该,只好,是英式英语,有时和have to
可以互换,但have got to 较为通俗,一般不用于将来时态和条件从
句。
Tom is ill, so they have got to change their plans. (汤姆病了,所以
他们只好改变计划。)
3 must
“
”
意思为必须,一般表示主观需要和义务,主要用于肯定
句和疑问句,它无人称、数和时态的变化。
All the people must evacuate to a safe place before dark. (天黑前,
所有的人必须撤离到安全地带。)
We must find a good method to solve the problem. (我们必须找到
一个解决问题的好方法。)
He must speak English in the class. (在课堂上他必须讲英语。)
注意 1 对must 的疑问句作否定回答时,一般不用mustn't,而用
neednt 或don't have to。
—Must I finish the homework in the classroom? (我必须在教室完
成作业吗?)
—No, you needn't/ don't have to. (不,不必。)
2 have to 的否定形式是don't have to, 相当于needn't。
They don't have to buy a car at present. (他们目前没有必要买汽
车。)
have sb. do sth.; have sb./sth. doing; have sth. done
【词义辨析】
1 have sb. do sth.
“
”
的意思是让某人做某事,此结构中的have 是
使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的do sth.是省去to 的动词不定式作宾语
补足语。
The soldiers had the enemies put up their hands. (士兵让敌人举起
手来。)
The boss often has them work for 12 hours a day. (老板经常要他
们一天工作 12 个小时。)
I'll have someone clean the car for you. (我会让人为你清洗汽车
的。)
2 have sb./sth. doing
“
”
意思是听任或保持某人(某物)做某事,
现在分词作宾补,动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
He had us laughing all through the meal. (他使我们在吃饭时自始
至终笑个不停。)
Those people had the fire burning all night long. (那些人让火通宵
燃烧着。)
Don't have the dog barking!(不要让狗吠!)
3 have sth. done
“
”
意思是完成某件事,过去分词作宾补,强调这
件事并不是自己动手来完成,而是交由别人来做。
He is going to have his hair cut this afternoon. (下午他准备去理
发。)
He has just had his bike repaired. (他刚叫人把自行车修好了。)
I have my watch stolen. (我的手表被偷了。)
have; possess; own
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有拥有的意思,但用法有区别。
1 have
“
”
最常用,可指任何情况下的具有,包括物质上的或精神
上的。
I have no money. (我没有钱。)
I have no idea about this matter. (关于这件事,我一点主意都没
有。)
2 possess 用法较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调
其归属,也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
He possessed several houses. (他拥有几处房产。)
In the future a college student should possess at least two foreign
languages. (将来,一个大学生至少应该掌握两门外语。)
3 own 不及possess 正式,多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所
属物是否在物主手中。
He owns three cars. (他有三辆汽车。)
She owns nothing but a car. (除了一辆车外,她一无所有。)
healthy; fit; well
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有健康的意思,但用法有区别。
1 healthy 指有利于健康的条件,或健康的人的外部特征。
His inmost thoughts are not healthy. (他心灵深处的思想是不健康
的。)
Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy. (我的
叔叔虽然老了,但他看上去还是很健壮。)
It is healthy to eat fruit. (吃水果对身体有好处。)
2 fit 指通过体育锻炼,使体型变得好看,富有健康美,一般不用
作定语。
Exercise keeps you fit. (运动能使你保持健康。)
He runs ten kilometers every morning; that's why he is so fit. (他每
天早上跑十千米,这就是他那么健美的原因。)
3 well 一般指人在特定场合下身体良好,与fine 相似,通常作表
语,指的是健康,不得病以及身体从病痛中好转。
I got a bad stomachache last night, but I feel well today. (我昨天晚
上胃痛得厉害,但今天我感觉好些了。)
I don't feel well this morning. (今天早上我感觉不太舒服。)
hear; listen to
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都可表示听的意思,但各自的用法不同。
1 hear 表示声音传进耳朵,强调听的结果。
Did you hear what I said just now? (你听到我刚说什么了吗?)
I heard about your car accident. (我听说你出车祸的事了。)
2 listen to 强调听的动作。
The students are listening to the teacher. (学生们在听老师讲
话。)
We listened but heard nothing. (我们留心听,但什么也没听
清。)
hear about; hear of; hear from
【词义辨析】
1 hear about sb./sth.
“
”
的意思是听到关于某人或某物的消息。
Do you hear the latest about Lao Wang? (你听说过老王的近况
吗?)
We've just heard about his promotion. (我们刚听到了他升职的
事。)
2 hear of
“
”
的意思是听到,听说,强调从别人那里间接得知。
I've never heard of him. (我从来没有听说过他。)
I have never heard of him since he left. (自从他离开后,我再没听
到过他的消息。)
3 hear from
“
”
的意思是收到某人来信,得到某人的信息。
Have you heard from your old classmate? (你收到你的老同学的
信了吗?)
How often do you hear from your father? (你隔多久能收到你爸爸
的来信?)
hear sb. do sth.; hear sb. doing sth.
【词义辨析】
1 hear sb. do sth.
“
”
表示听到某人做了某事,强调听到了全过程,
也可指经常听到某人做某事。
I heard him shout out. (我听到他大喊一声。)
I like to hear you sing this song. (我喜欢听你唱这首歌。)
2 hear sb. doing sth.
“
”
表示听到某人正在做某事,强调动作的进
行。
I heard a boy reading English on the playground. (我听到一个男孩
正在操场上读英语。)
I heard someone singing in the classroom. (我听到教室里有人在
唱歌。)
historic; historical
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都可以表示历史的意思。
1 historic 通常用以表示具有重要历史意义,常用来修饰历史上著
名的事物、事件、人物。
Today is a historic occasion for our country. (今天是我国具有历史
意义的日子。)
Luoyang is a historic city. (洛阳是一座历史名城。)
2 historical
“
”
的意思是与历史有关的,历史上的,通常涉及历
史、史学、过去的事实。
This film is based on historical events. (这部影片是根据历史事件
拍摄的。)
I have been doing some historical research. (我一直在进行史学研
究。)
holiday; vacation; leave
【词义辨析】
1 holiday
“
”
一般指休假,假期,假日,一般指按规定不工作的各
种节假日,时间可长可短。在英国复数形式表示较长的假期。
I've already had my holidays this year. (我今年已经度过假了。)
We have had two holidays since the beginning of the year. (从年初
以来,我们已经休了两次假。)
2 vacation 通常指时间较长的假期,如学校的寒暑假和法庭的休
庭期。关于寒暑假,英国人喜欢用summer/winter holidays,美国人
喜欢用summer/winter vacation,区别不大。
I'll go to Japan for a summer vacation. (我要到日本去过暑假。)
The students spent their summer holidays/vacation in the barrack this
year. (学生们这个暑假是在军营里度过的。)
3 leave
“
”
意为请假,指被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间,
主要指政府机关工作人员或军队人员获准的休假、假期。
She stays at home on maternity leave. (她在家休产假。)
The man asked for leave for three days to see his mother. (那人请
了三天假去看他的母亲。)
注意 凡表示寒(暑)假等较长的假期时,vacation 要用单数形
式,不能像holiday 一样用复数形式。
Winter vacation (holidays) will begin tomorrow. (寒假明天就要开
始了。)
hope; wish
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都可表示希望,但在用法上有相同和不同之处,不能随意
互换。
1 两者都可接动词不定式作宾语。wish to do sth. 表达主观愿
望,没有考虑是否可能; hope to do sth. 表示对将来的希望,并相信
经过努力能实现。
The poor boy wishes to have a bike. (那个可怜的男孩希望有辆自
行车。)
She hopes to become a teacher. (她希望成为一名教师。)
You might tell them that I hope to become the president of the
company. (你可以告诉他 们,我希望成为公司的董事长。)
2 hope 后不能直接跟名词作宾语,可跟for +名词,表示可实现
“
”
的希望。wish 也可跟for +
“
”
名词,一般表示难实现的愿望。
I hope for success. (我希望成功。)
Everyone wishes for long life. (人人都想长寿。)
3 wish 后可接形容词(wish +宾语+adj.)或动词不定式(wish sb.
to do sth.)作宾语补足语,也可接双宾语表示祝愿,而hope 不能这样
用。
I wish you well and safe. (我希望你健康平安。)
I wish you not to go with him. (我希望你不要同他一道去。)
Why don't you wish your son to leave this post? (为什么你不希望
儿子离开这个职位?)
I wish you a good luck! (祝你走运!)
4 wish 和hope 都能接that 引导的从句,但意义和用法不同。从
用法上讲,hope 之后的宾语从句用陈述语气,表达与过去、现在或
未来有关的希望。从意义上说,hope 所表达的希望是能够实现的。
而wish 之后的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气,而所表达的愿望是无法
实现的或难以实现的。
I hope that he will solve the problem. (我希望他能解决这个问
题。)
I wish that I knew the truth. (我希望我知道这个事实。)
I wish I had passed the exam. (我希望我通过了考试。)
I wish I could have wings. (我希望我拥有翅膀。)
5 在简略答句中,hope 之后可接so
“
”
表示希望如此,接not 表示
“
”
希望别这样,而wish 不能这样用。
—Tomorrow it will rain, won't it? (明天会下雨,对吗?)
—I hope so. (希望如此。)
—Will the police take you to your mother? (警察会把你带到你妈
妈那里吗?)
—I hope not. (希望别这样。)
house; apartment; villa
【词义辨析】
1 house 一般是独幢的房子,是欧美比较普遍的住房。
They built a house by the seaside. (他们在海边盖了一栋房子。)
The children visited the panda house at the zoo. (孩子们参观了动
物园的熊猫馆。)
2 apartment 是公寓,是指一幢楼房中若干套房子中的一套,比较
普通。
My family is very lucky to have an apartment in this new building.
(我们家非常幸运,得到了新大楼里的一套住房。)
The young man is too poor to buy an apartment in the center of the
city. (年轻人太穷,在市中心买不起一套公寓。)
3 villa 是别墅,有较大的私家花园,比house 更豪华尊贵。
Only the rich can buy a villa in this country. (在这个国家只有富人
才能买得起一座别墅。)
hotel; inn; restaurant
【词义辨析】
1 hotel
“
”
的意思是宾馆,用法比较正式,一般指开设于城镇、有
一定设施、可提供食宿的旅馆。
There are many five-star hotels in Beijing. (北京有许多五星级宾
馆。)
Jinling Hotel is a very famous hotel in Nanjing. (金陵饭店在南京
很有名。)
2 inn
“
”
的意思是旅店,客栈,多指开设于乡间、路边,设施简
陋的小旅店。
They put up at an inn for the night. (他们在小旅馆过夜。)
Many farmers have set up some country inns after the earthquake.
(震后,许多农民都建起了乡村客栈。)
3 restaurant
“
”
的意思是餐馆,饭店,一般指以吃饭为主的地方,
不一定可以住宿。
My parents own a Japanese restaurant in Shanghai. (我父母在上海
经营一家日本料理店。)
I don't like to have dinners in restaurant. (我不喜欢在饭店用
餐。)
how many; how much
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都表示多少的意思,但用法不同。
1 how many 用来修饰可数名词的复数,对数量多少提问。
How many days are there in a year? (一年有多少天?)
How many houses do you have? (你有几套房子?)
2 how much 用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,可以用来询问事
物的数量,也可以用来询问事物的重量。
How much milk do you drink every day? (你每天喝多少牛奶?)
How much coffee is there in the kettle? (水壶里有多少咖啡?)
—How much does the vegetables weigh? (这些蔬菜多重?)
—One hundred kilos. (一百千克。)
注意 how much
“
”
还可以表示多少钱的意思,可单独使用,也可
构成词组how much money,但英语中常省略money,用来询问某物
的价钱、价格,也可以用来询问数字计算的结果。
—How much is the bread? (这块面包多少钱?)
—Three yuan. (3 元。)
—How much is three plus two? (3 加2 等于多少?)
—It's five. (等于5。)
how long; how often; how soon
【词义辨析】
1 how long
“
”
的意思是多久,多长,一般指时间多久或物体多长,
但在使用带有for 或since 等表示持续性的时间状语提问时,how
long 引导的疑问句中的谓语动词不能是终止性动词。
How long will you stay in Tianjin this year? (你今年准备在天津住
多久?)
How long have they lived here? (他们住在这里有多久了?)
I can't remember how long the Great Wall is exactly. (我记不清长
城具体有多长。)
2 how often
“
”
表示多长时间一次,每隔多久,是对频率时间状语
提问的词语。
How often do you see a dentist? (你隔多久去看一次牙医?)
—How often do you buy a computer? (你多久买一台电脑?)
—Once every three years. (每三年买一台。)
3 how soon
“
”
意为还要多久,主要用来询问某个动作在多久后的
将来会发生。
How soon will her son graduate? (她儿子多久毕业?)
—How soon can you finish the dinner? (还要多久你能吃完
饭?)
—In an hour. (一小时后。)
【正误比较】
【错误】 He has died for three years.
【正确】 He has been dead for three years. (他死了三年了。)
[die 是终止性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语for three years 连用。
]
huge; vast; massive; enormous; immense
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词均有很大的意思,但各自的用法不同。
1 huge 指体积和数量大得超过一定的标准,可用来形容物体、距
离、程度和声音等。
They spent a huge amount of money on that car. (他们花巨款买下
了那辆车。)
The TV play was a huge success. (这部电视剧取得了巨大的成
功。)
2 vast 着重空间、面积、范围的巨大,不涉及重量,用作比喻时
指阅历广、花费大等。
The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa. (狮子过去生活在非洲
广袤的地区。)
The Sahara is a vast desert. (撒哈拉沙漠非常辽阔。)
3 massive 指大的体积、数量和重量,侧重庞大而笨重。
Massive white chunks crowd this mountain for as long as three
months every year. (每年大量的积雪,覆盖在这座山上长达三个月
之久。)
We have seen massive changes in recent years. (这几年,我们经
历了巨大的变化。)
4 enormous 着重指体积庞大,常指硕大无比,令人咋舌的事物。
多用来形容形体、数量和程度,有时含有严重、紧急的意思。
The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long
ago. (恐龙是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型动物。)
An enormous boulder is falling down from a mountain. (一个巨大
的圆石正从山上滚下来。)
5 immense
“
”
有大到不能计算的含义,常用于形容空间,也可形
容程度。
This film was about the early explorers who got lost in the immense
Pacific. (这部电影描述的是迷失在浩瀚太平洋中的早期探险家的故
事。)
The sea was rolling in immense surges. (海面上波涛汹涌。)
human; human being; people; person; man; mankind
【词义辨析】
1 human
“
”
“
”
做名词时,表示人类的意思,多强调人群; 而human
being
“
”
则多强调个人。
The difference between human beings and the lower animals is that
human beings have their languages. (动物和人类的区别就是人类有
自己的语言。)
It's only human nature to want a comfortable life. (人的本性就是
要过舒服的生活。)
2 people
“
”
表示人,人们的意思,表单个人的时候,本身已有复
数含义,不需再加-s,如one people, three people。peoples 一般表示
“
”
民族,是可数名词。
The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working people. (中华民族
是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
We must serve the people heart and soul. (我们必须全心全意地为
人民服务。)
There are fifty-six peoples in China. (中国有56 个民族。)
3 person
“
”
表示一个人的意思,是可数名词。
There are three persons in my family. (我家有三口人。)
We need a person to help us. (我们需要有个人帮助我们。)
4 man
“
”
指人时,为可数名词,不分男女,与human being 相当。
“
”
指人类时,仅用单数形式,其前不用冠词,与mankind 相当。
Only man knows how to create and use tools. (只有人类知道怎样
制造和使用工具。)
Engels pointed out a hundred years ago that labour created man
himself. (恩格斯在一百多年以前就指出,劳动创造了人本身。)
A man can't live without air. (没有空气人就不能活。)
5 mankind 指人(类)的总称,为不可数名词,其前不用冠词。
Mankind is much cleverer than any animals. (人类比任何动物都
聪明很多。)
All progressive mankind is longing for peace. (所有的追求进步的
人们都渴望和平。)