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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 22 词汇 O-P
词汇O
object; oppose
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有反对的意思,但用法有区别。
1 object
“
”
的意思是反对,不赞成,不同意,指因厌恶或反感而
反对,但不一定明显地表露出来,常用的词组为object to。
My mother doesn't object if you give up your plan. (如果你放弃你
的计划,我妈妈不会反对。)
Many people object to experimentation on animals. (许多人反对用
动物做实验。)
2 oppose
“
”
的意思是反对,抵抗,为普通用词,含义广,语气强
于object。
The children opposed going shopping on weekends. (孩子们反对
周末购物。)
He is opposed to my suggestion. (他反对我的建议。)
The nomination was opposed by a lot of people. (提名遭到许多人
的反对。)
observe; watch; see; look; notice
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这几个词都有看的意思,用法有一定的区别。
1 observe
“
”
较为正式,意思是观察,强调从不同的角度长时间地
看。
They carefully observed the behavior of tigers. (他们仔细观察了
老虎的生活习性。)
I observed him stop his car at the gate. (我看到他在门口把车停了
下来。)
2 watch
“
”
的意思是看着,注视,强调所看事物的变化、移动和
发展的过程。
Do you often watch television? (你常看电视吗?)
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. (他们注
视着火车,直到它消失在远方。)
3 see
“
”
表示看见,看到,强调看的结果。
I saw an old friend of mine yesterday. (昨天我看到了一位老朋
友。)
I looked but saw nothing. (我看了,但什么也没看见。)
4 look
“
”
意思是看,瞧,强调集中注意力地看,有意识地看,强
调看的动作,常用词组为look at。
He is looking at the stranger. (他正盯着这个陌生人看。)
Look at the man! He is beating his son with a long stick. (瞧那个
人!他正在用一根长棍子打他的儿子。)
5 notice
“
”
的意思是注意到,留心,看到,强调无意中看到细小
的但可能重要的事情。
No one noticed the girl as she fell off. (女孩滑倒时谁也没有察觉
到。)
Did you notice him leave the house? (你看到他离开房间了吗?)
of one's own; one's own
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都表示自己的意思,强调所属关系,修饰名词,可作定
语。
1 of one's own
“
”
的意思是属于某人自己的。
I want a car of my own. (我想要一辆属于自己的车。)
The little girl has a mind of her own. (那个小女孩颇有主见。)
2 one's own
“
”
的意思是自己的,一般作前置定语。
He planted some flowers in his own backyard. (他在自己的后院种
了许多花。)
I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. (我亲眼看到这起事
故的全过程。)
officer; official
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有官员的意思。
1 officer 一般用于军方或警方官员。
The officers are well paid, and the soldiers earn only a little. (军官
薪水很高,而士兵挣得却很少。)
A police officer's duty is to protect people's lives. (保护人民的生
命是警官的职责。)
2 official 一般用于政府官员或文职官员,如公务员,公司职员
等。
A public official should serve the people heart and soul. (公务员应
该全心全意为人民服务。)
He is an official at the local security company. (他是这家地方证券
公司的高级职员。)
on behalf of; stand for; represent
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有代表的意思。
1 on behalf of
“
”
的意思是代表某人(的言论,行为,利益等)。
He went to the party on behalf of his family. (他代表他全家参加
了聚会。)
My boss can't be here today, so I'm going to speak on behalf of him. 
(我的老板今天不能来,所以我要代表他讲话。)
2 stand for
“
”
的意思是代表,象征,表示,一般代表具体的事
物。
What does the WTO stand for? (WTO 代表什么?)
What do the five stars stand for in our national flag? (我国国旗上
的五颗星星代表什么?)
3 represent 一般代表抽象的东西。
He represents our team. (他代表我们团队。)
The picture represents an artistic conception. (他的画代表了一种
意境。)
on earth; on the earth
【词义辨析】 
1 on earth
“
”
的意思是究竟,到底。
What on earth do you mean? (你究竟是什么意思? )
Why on earth did you do such silly things? (你到底为什么要做这
样的傻事?)
2 on the earth
“
”
的意思是在地球上。
People, animals and plants on the earth depend on the sun. (地球上
的人、动物和植物都依靠太阳。)
Everyone should try to fulfill his mission on the earth. (在地球上,
每个人都应该试着履行他的使命。)
one by one; one after another
【词义辨析】 
1 one by one
“
”
的意思是一个接一个地,陆续地,通常强调的是
按照顺序做某事。
Please sign your name on the list one by one. (请逐个在单子上签
字。)
One by one the workers started out. (工人们一个个地出发了。)
2 one after another
“
”
的意思也是一个接一个地,陆续,通常强调
的是数量的多少,一般用于三者或三者以上的场合。
We visited the lab one after another. (我们一个接一个地参观实验
室。)
Many representatives of the National People's Congress, one after 
another,stood up and expressed their opinions. (许多全国人大代表
一个接一个地站起来发表意见。)
one day; some day; someday
【词义辨析】 
1 one day
“
”
的意思是一天,某一天,通常用于一般过去时及一般
将来时的句子,指将来时可以与some day 互换。
May I visit your home one day/some day? (我可以哪一天来拜访
你家吗?)
One day he got a summon from a local court. (一天,他收到了当
地法院的传票。)
2 some day
“
”
的意思是将来某一天。
Believe him, he'll succeed some day. (相信他,有朝一日他会成
功的。)
Everyone will die some day. (人人都会有死的那一天。)
3 someday 和some day
“
”
的用法几乎相同,指将来的某天,也可
与one day 互换。
Someday/Some day/One day I will beat them. (总有一天我会战胜
他们。)
You'll become old one day/some day. (总有一天你会变老的。)
operate; run
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有经营,管理的意思。
1 operate
“
”
的意思是经营,管理,强调的是管理工作,也可表示
“
”
开动或操作机器等,较抽象。
Can you operate this computer? (你会操作这台电脑吗?)
He operates several big companies. (他负责运营好几家大公
司。)
He is operating the crane. (他正在操作起重机。)
2 run
“
”
也有经营,营运的意思,但强调的是公司等一般性团体
的营业工作,较具体。
He is running a small restaurant nearby a school. (他在学校附近经
营着一家小餐馆。)
The machine runs smoothly. (这台机器运转正常。)
opinion; view; idea
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有意见,观点的意思。
1 opinion
“
”
是常用词,意思是意见,看法,主张,是对一般性事
物初步的、不成熟的或不十分肯定的看法。
He asked his teacher's opinion about his plans. (他征求老师对他的
计划的意见。)
Public opinion was against the old administrative system. (公众舆
论反对旧的管理制度。)
What is your opinion of the accident? (你对这起事故的看法是什
么?)
2 view
“
”
的意思是见解,观点,侧重对广泛、重大的问题或公众
 
问题所采取的态度,比opinion 更为肯定、全面、系统。
His view of life is different from yours. (他的人生观与你的不
同。)
May I know your views on this matter? (我可以知道你对这件事
情的看法吗?)
3 idea 为一般用语,指由于理解、思索、推理、幻想而产生于脑
中的思想念头、主意、想法。
Do you have any ideas for the future? (你对未来有任何打算
吗?)
That at least is my idea about love. (至少那是我对爱情的理
解。)
out of; outside
【词义辨析】 
1 out of
“
……
……
”
表示从
出来(去),在
范围外,着重于动作,
前面多与一些动词连用。
They come out of the hall. (他们从大厅里走出来。)
I looked out of the window. (我向窗外望去。)
2 outside
“
……
”
可以用作介词和副词,意思是在
外面(部),指
在某物体的外侧、外部,反义词是inside,也可用作形容词和名词。
Let's meet outside the school gate. (咱们在校门外边集合吧。)
[介词]
It's cold outside. (外面很冷。)[副词]
Outside trees are very green. (户外的树很绿。)[副词]
Outside is so dark. (外面很黑。)[名词]
ought to; should
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有应该的意思,均为情态动词。
1 ought to 表示客观要求,语气更强一些,含有法律上或道义上
的责任。
There ought to be more hospitals in such a large city. (在这样一个
大城市应该多一些医院。)
You ought to do the exercises a bit more carefully. (你作业应该做
得更认真点。)
2 should 往往表示说话者的主观意见,表明一种必要性。
You should study hard and make good progress every day. (你应该
努力学习,天天向上。)
You should not treat her like this. (你不该这么对她。)
注意 should 还有下列用法:
1 表示劝告或建议。
He should learn how to draw a picture. (他应该学学怎样画画。)
2 表示预测或可能。
This kind of mushroom should be in the deep mountain. (这种蘑菇
应该在深山里才有。)
3 表示惊奇、愤怒、失望等感情。
Why should I buy his goods? (我干吗要买他的东西?)
4 should +动词的完成形式,表示本该已经做完某事。
I should have thought of that result. (我应该想到那个结果。)
5 should +动词的进行形式,表示应该正在做某事。
You should be reading a textbook instead of the novel. (你现在读
的应当是一本教科书而不是那本小说。)
6 表示说话人的猜测、估计、判断。
That should be your father coming upstairs now. (正在上楼的准是
你爸爸。)
out of question; out of the question
【词义辨析】 
1 out of question
“
”
的意思是毫无问题,没有问题的。
His courage and integrity are out of question. (他的勇气和正直是
不容怀疑的。)
Starting over is out of question. (从头开始是没有问题的。)
2 out of the question
“
”
的意思是根本不可能,不在考虑之内。
It is out of the question for him to be having a bath so late. (他不可
能这么晚还在洗澡。)
But I knew it was out of the question for her to pass the examination. 
(但我明白,她是不可能通过考试的。)
outdoor; outdoors
【词义辨析】 
1 outdoor
“
”
是形容词,意思是室外的,户外的,野外的。
These students do some outdoor exercises every day. (学生们每天
做一些户外运动。)
The outdoor training is their obligatory course. (户外训练是他们
的必修课程。)
2 outdoors
“
”
是副词,意思是在户外,在野外,也可作名词。
I love the great outdoors. (我热爱野外。)[名词]
It's raining outdoors. (外面下着雨。)[副词]
词汇P
packet; parcel; package
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都有包裹的意思。
1 packet
“
”
的意思是小包裹,小捆,一般指小件行李、邮包,还
可指更小一些的包。
He smokes three packets of cigarettes. (他每天抽三包烟。)
He bought his girlfriend a packet of chocolate as a birthday present. 
(他给女朋友买了一包巧克力作为生日礼物。)
2 parcel
“
”
着重指邮包。
His mother sends him a parcel every month. (他妈妈每个月都给他
寄一个包裹。)
Terrorists often use parcel bombs to make a horrific activity. (恐怖
分子经常使用包裹炸弹制造恐怖活动。)
3 package 指比parcel 更大一些的包裹,着重指包装整齐严密的
包裹或一包、一捆、一盒东西。
He undid the package. (他解开了那个包裹。)
We have a Fuji Mountain Vacation Package. (我们有富士山旅游
度假套餐。)
pair; couple
【词义辨析】 
1 pair
“
”
的意思是一对,一双,多指由两部分组成的东西。
He bought a pair of shoes for his son yesterday. (他昨天为儿子买
了一双鞋。)
She sewed a pair of trousers by herself. (她自己缝制了一条裤
子。)
2 couple
“
”
的意思是一对,一双,主要指人或动物的成双成对。
A couple can only have one child in China. (在中国,一对夫妻只
能生一个孩子。)
A couple of swallow are feeding their children. (一对燕子夫妇正
在哺育它们的后代。)
particular; special
【词义辨析】 
1 particular
“
”
的意思是特殊的,特定的,是相对一般而言的,强
调与众不同。
If she doesn't have any particular reason, she should come here at 3 
o'clock this afternoon. (如果没有什么特殊的原因,她应当在今天下
午3 点到这里来。)
The teacher showed particular concern for the disabled child. (老师
特别关心那个残疾儿童。)
2 special 指的是人或物所具有的可以明辨的独有的特性,强调独
有性,一般不可与其他的词混淆,尤其是指为了某一专门的目的进
行的某一动作或设立的物品。
Yun Brocade is a special product of Nanjing. (云锦是南京的特
产。)
He never becomes angry except for some special reasons. (除非有
一些特殊原因,他一般从不发火。)
park; garden
【词义辨析】 
1 park
“
”
的意思是公园,侧重于公共的城市花园。
There are many beautiful parks in this city. (这个城市有许多漂亮
的公园。)
The bottom of our garden verges on the park. (我们花园的尾部与
那座公园相邻。)
2 garden
“
”
的意思是花园,侧重于私家的花园。
He bought a villa with a beautiful garden. (他买了一栋带有漂亮花
园的别墅。)
They will go to visit a botanical garden this morning. (今天上午他
们打算去植物园参观。)
pass by; pass through; pass away
【词义辨析】 
1 pass by
“
”
“
”
的意思是通过,经过,也指(时间)经过,一般指
从表面或旁边通过。
Nobody passed by while the car accident happened. (车祸发生时
没有人经过。)
Several people passed by the church. (很多人从教堂旁边走
过。)
2 pass through
“
……
……”
的意思是穿过
,经历
,一般指从里面穿
过。
I must pass through several residences before I get to the office. (我
要走过好几个居民小区才能到办公室。)
He had passed through many difficulties during the experiments. 
(在试验时他经历了许多困难。)
3 pass away
“
”
的意思是消失,去世。
As soon as the sun comes out, the mist will pass away. (太阳一出
来,雾就会消失。)
The old man passed away peacefully. (老人安详地去世了。)
pause; prevent; stop; cease
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这四个词都含有停止的意思。
1 pause
“
”
“
”
的意思是中止,暂停,暗含动作会继续进行。
The basketball match paused for a while, and then continued. (篮球
比赛暂停了一会儿,然后又继续进行。)
After a brief pause the speaker continued. (稍稍停顿一下后,演
讲者继续讲下去。)
2 prevent
“
”
的意思是阻止,防止,指用防御或制止性的方法来阻
止或反对某事,常与from 连用。
We'll come tomorrow if nothing prevents. (如果没有什么阻碍的
话,我们明天来。)
Who prevents their plans from being carried out? (谁阻止他们的
计划不让实施? )
3 stop
“
”
的意思是停止,用法最广。常用的词组为stop doing 
sth.
“
”
,意思为停下正在做的事;stop to do sth.
“
,意思为停下来去做
”
另外一件事情。
Hearing the doorbell, she stopped washing the dishes. (听见门铃
声,她停止了洗碗。)
He stopped to talk with me. (他停下来跟我说话。)
4 cease 一般用于停止看不见摸不着的抽象的活动。
The nuclear experiments have ceased. (核试验已经停止。)
The noise outside has ceased. (外面的噪声停止了。)
pay; pay for; pay... for
【词义辨析】 
1 pay
“
”
的意思是付款,交纳,支付,可作及物动词和不及物动
 
词。表示支付金钱、账单、税收、债务以及各种费用。
I'll pay by check. (我将用支票付款。)
She paid the servant 800 dollars a month. (她每月付给仆人800 美
元。)
2 pay for
“
……
……
”
的意思是付
的钱,赔偿,为
付出代价。pay for
中的pay 为不及物动词,其宾语多为物,即pay for sth.
“
,意为付款
”
买某物;其宾语为人时,即pay for sb.
“
”
,意为替某人付款。
He can't pay for the house now. (他现在还不能为这座房子付
款。)
You'll have to pay for your selfishness some day. (总有一天你会为
你的自私付出代价。)
3 pay... for
“
……
……
”
的意思是对
付款,支付给
的费用,表示为了
得到某物或某事而付给某人钱。
I paid him 100 yuan for the old watch. (我向他付了100 元钱买这
块老手表。)
I have to pay the house-owner 20 pounds for this room each month. 
(我每个月要付20 英镑的房租给房东。)
pay back; pay off
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都可以表示偿还的意思。
1 pay back
“
”
意思是归还,指偿还所借的钱、物品等。
He didn't pay back his debts. (他还没有偿还借款。)
May I borrow 100 yuan from you? I'll pay it back tomorrow. (你
能借给我100 块钱吗?我明天还你。)
2 pay off
“
”
的意思是偿还掉,付掉,指还清欠款或欠债。
During the next five years I worked day and night, and finally I paid 
off the money I borrowed. (在之后的五年里,我夜以继日地工作,
最后终于还清了借款。)
All the debts have been paid off. (所有的债务都还清了。)
people; the people
【词义辨析】 
1 people
“
”
的意思是人,人们,是集体名词,表示复数含义。
There are six people in the room. (房间里有六个人。)
People were dancing in the street. (人们在街上跳舞。)
2 the people
“
”
 
的意思是人民,但有时the people 是特指,并不
“
”
“
”
表示人民,而是人,人们。
We serve the people. (我们为人民服务。)
The people of Beijing like Peking opera very much. (北京人很喜
欢京剧。)
personal; private
【词义辨析】 
1 personal
“
”
的意思是私人的,个人的,亲自的,多强调精神上
的个人因素。
Our parents teach us personal tidiness. (我们的父母教育我们注意
个人整洁。)
The policy was drawn up under Chairman Mao's personal guidance. 
(这一政策是在毛主席的亲自指导下制定的。)
2 private
“
”
的意思是私人的,私有的,私营的,秘密的,多强调
物质上的个人因素。
Many Chinese people have bought private cars. (许多中国人已经
购买了私家车。)
The President is paying a private visit to his neighboring country. 
(总统正在对邻国作非 官方的访问。)
pick; pick out; pick up
【词义辨析】 
1 pick
“
”
的意思是采,摘,挑选。
We picked apples from the tree. (我们从树上摘了苹果。)
I picked a bicycle to ride. (我选了一辆自行车骑。)
2 pick out
“
”
的意思是挑出,选出,分辨出。
Can you pick out which one is your mobile? (你能分清哪部手机
是你的吗?)
He picked out five best horses from the twenty horses. (他从那20
匹马中挑出5 匹最好的马。)
3 pick up
“
”
的意思是接收,收听,拣起,(用车)接送。
I will pick you up at 5 o'clock this afternoon at the school gate. (今
天下午5 点钟,我将开车到学校门口接你。)
The boy picked up a five-cent coin. (男孩拾到了一枚5 分硬
币。)
play a part in; play the part of
【词义辨析】 
1 play a part in
“
……
”
的意思是在
方面起作用,part 前面可以有修
饰词。
The computers have played an important part in our daily life. (电
脑在我们日常生活中起着重要的作用。)
Exercise plays a major part in preventing disease. (锻炼对于预防
疾病有重要作用。)
2 play the part of
“
……
”
的意思是在剧(电影等)中扮演
角色,也
可省去the part of。
She played the part of a teacher in this film. (她在这部影片中扮演
一个老师的角色。)
I'd love to play the part of the shop assistant. (我想扮演商店服务
员。)
pleasant; pleased; pleasing; pleasure
【词义辨析】 
1 pleasant
“
是形容词,意思是令人愉快的,舒畅的,非常好的,
”
讨人喜欢的,一般作定语,当主语是物时,也可作表语。
This is a pleasant journey. (这是一趟令人愉快的旅行。)
We spent a pleasant day in the country. (我们在乡下度过了愉快的
一天。)
2 pleased
 “
……
”
的意思是
对
感到满意,侧重客观、总体地描述事
物,常见的结构为:be pleased+不定式或从句,be pleased with, be 
pleased at (about)。
I'm pleased to meet you in this country. (在这个国家见到你很高
兴。)
He is very pleased with his speech. (他对自己的演讲很满意。)
I am pleased that you have got a new job. (我很高兴你有了一份新
工作。)
3 pleasing
“
”
表示令人欣喜的,令人高兴的,侧重于表示接受对
象的情感,传递主观感受。
These flowers are very pleasing. (这些花使人赏心悦目。)
The clothes is pleasing to my body. (这衣服正合我身。)
4 pleasure
“
”
“
作高兴,快乐,娱乐讲时,是不可数名词,表示乐
”
趣,高兴的事时是可数名词。在口语中,常用It's a pleasure.作回答
感谢的客套语。
It's a pleasure for us to visit your city. (参观你们的城市对我们来
说是件愉快的事情。)
May I have the pleasure of dancing with you? (我可以和你一起跳
舞吗?)
plenty of; in plenty
【词义辨析】 
1 plenty of
“
”
的意思是足够,许多,大量,是个形容词性词组,
它既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词,谓语动词的数根据 
plenty of 后面名词的数来定。
I didn't hurry because I had plenty of time. (我没有匆忙,因为我
有足够的时间。)
There are plenty of books on the desk. (桌上有许多书。)
2 in plenty
“
”
的意思是充足,大量,很多,是副词词组。
There is food and drink in plenty now. (现在有充足的食品和饮
料。)
Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat. (一
些人过着丰衣足食的生活,而另一些人却食不果腹。)
point at; point to; point out
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者的意思都与指有关,但有一定区别。
1 point at
“
”
的意思是指着,一般表示指向离说话人较近的事物或
人。
Don't point at the person directly while you are talking to him. (说
话时不要用手直接指着谈话对象。)
Don't point your gun at me. (别把你的枪对准我。)
It's rude to point your fingers at others. (用手指别人是不礼貌
的。)
2 point to
“
……”
的意思是指向
,多用于表示指向离说话人较远的
事物。to 是介词,着重于指的方向。
He pointed to the house on the other side of the street and said, 
“That's my school.” (他指着街对面的房子说:“ 那是我的学
校。”)
As he was born, the hour hand of the clock pointed to 12. (他出生
时,时针正好指向12 点。)
3 point out
“
”
的意思是指出,一般表示的是给某人指示方向、要
点或者错误等,out 是副词。
The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. (老师指
出了我作业里的许多错误。)
The professor pointed out an error in their reasoning. (教授指出了
他们在推理中的一处失误。)
注意 一般情况下,point at 和point to 可互换,但是事物名词作
主语时,用point to 要常见些,point at 可以分开使用,point 后直接
跟名词或者代词作宾语,at 表示方向,而point to 却没有这种用法,
“
”
但是它还表示显示,说明的意思。
His house points to the south. (他的房子朝南。)
They pointed their water pipe at her head. (他们用水管指着她的
头。)
All the calculations point to the same result. (所有计算都得出同样
的结果。)
power; force; strength
【词义辨析】 
1 power
“
”
的意思是能力,力量,权力等,是力量的总称,如电
力、动力及人具有的能量等。
I did all in my power to save the boy from drowning. (我尽全力去
救那个男孩使他免于溺水。)
This large-scale power plant produces half of the country's electric 
power. (这家大型电 厂发电量占全国总量的一半。)
2 force
“
”
的意思是力量,武力,精力等,主要指外力,是推动人
或物朝着所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。
He pushed the door with a great force. (他用力推门。)
The moral force is not on their side. (道义的力量没在他们一
边。)
3 strength
“
”
“
”
原是物理学上的术语能量,用于人时则指精力。
He is a man full of strength and he can do as much work as two men 
do. (他体力非常好,一个人可以干两个人的活。)
I don't have the strength to move the stone. (我没有力气搬这块石
头。)
prefer... to...; prefer to... rather than...
【词义辨析】 
1 
“
……
……”
“
……
……”
两个动词短语均有喜欢
而不喜欢
或偏爱
胜过
的意思,其后均可接名词。
I prefer table tennis to badminton.
=I prefer to table tennis rather than badminton. (我喜欢乒乓球,
不喜欢羽毛球。)
2 prefer... to...之后接动词时,均用-ing 形式;而prefer to... rather 
than...之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。
He prefers swimming to running. (他宁愿游泳而不愿跑步。)
I prefer to go to work rather than stay home. (我宁愿去工作而不
愿待在家里。)
He prefers to eat apples rather than drink water. (他喜欢吃苹果而
不喜欢喝水。)
price; prize
【词义辨析】 
1 price
“
”
的意思是价格,价钱,代价。
What is the price of the tomato? (西红柿的价格是多少?)
The prices of all the vegetables are falling. (所有蔬菜的价格都在
回落。)
2 prize
“
”
的意思是奖赏,奖金,奖品。
He won the 1,000 yuan prize in the math contest. (在数学竞赛中他
获得了1 000 奖金。)
A prize will be given to the person who has made great progress in 
study. (在学习上取得很大进步的人将会获得奖金。)
problem; question; matter
【词义辨析】 
“
”
三者都可以翻译成问题,但用法有区别。
1 problem 指客观存在的和遇到的疑难问题,有时指较严重的问
题,解决问题一般用solve the problem。
The problem was how to move the heavy machinery. (问题是怎样
移动沉重的机器。)
This thorny problem on the environmental protection floored the new 
mayor. (这个关于环境保护的棘手难题把新任市长难住了。)
2 question
“
”
“
的意思是问题,疑问,多指主观存在的疑惑、疑
”
问。
She has a question to ask. (她有个问题要问。)
Nobody can answer this question. (没有人能回答这个问题。)
3 matter
“
”
的意思是事件,问题,多指具有某种特征的事例。
What's the matter with you? (你怎么了?)
Everything we can see and touch is made up of matter. (我们能看
见和摸到的每件东西都由物质组成。)
produce; product; production
【词义辨析】 
“
”
这几个词,如果作名词使用,都有产品的意思,但指的范围不
一样。
1 produce
“
”
的意思是农产品,自然产品,是不可数名词。
We can buy some fresh farm produce in this small market. (我们在
这个小市场上能买到新鲜的农产品。)
The price of field produce is becoming higher and higher. (农产品
的价格变得越来越高。)
2 product
“
”
的意思是产物,产品,是可数名词,一般指工业产
品。
The poor quality of your products will make you lose many 
customers. (质量糟糕的产品将使你们失去许多顾客。)
Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-east countries. 
(石油是许多中东国家最重要的产品。)
3 production
“
”
的意思是生产,制造,产量,是抽象的不可数名
词,指生产的行为。
The company is famous for the production of small cars. (那家公司
以生产小型汽车闻名。)
Production of iron has increased in the last 20 years. (最近20 年来
钢产量增加了。)
provide; supply
【词义辨析】 
1 provide
“
指为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而供给,提
”
 
供,可用于provide sb. (with sth.)或provide sth. (for sb.)结构。
He persuaded some businessmen to provide money for the affected 
area. (他说服一些商人为灾区捐款。)
The school provided food for the students. (学校为学生提供伙
食。)
2 supply
“
”
通常指定期供应,强调替代或补充所需物品,常用于
supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.结构。
The cars will be supplied to people all over the country. (这些汽车
将供应给全国各地的人们。)
Nature supplies us with fresh air. (大自然供给我们新鲜空气。)
pupil; student
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有学生的意思,但用法有区别。
1 pupil 特指中小学生,尤其是小学生。
To be a good teacher, one must first be a good pupil. (要做好老
师,首先要做好学生。)
The primary school has 1,000 pupils. (这所小学有1 000 名小学
生。)
2 student 为普通用词,可指中学生,但主要指高等学校或专科学
校的学生。
How many students do you have in your school? (你们学校有多少
学生?)
No students in this class like their dean. (这个班级的学生都不喜
欢他们的系主任。)
put out; go out
【词义辨析】 
“
”
两者都有熄灭的意思。
1 put out 
“
”
的意思是熄灭,用作及物动词,后面可带宾语。
Put out the fire before going to bed. (睡觉之前先熄掉炉火。)
Don't forget to put out the candle before leaving the house. (离开家
之前别忘了熄灭蜡烛。)
2 go out
“
”
的意思是熄灭,但用作不及物动词,主语一般是燃烧
的物体。
His cigarette has gone out. (他的香烟灭了。)
The cauldron has gone out after 16 days. (16 天后,主火炬熄灭
了。)