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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 24 词汇 S1
safety; security
【词义辨析】
1 safety 是指人体健康、家庭财产和生产技术活动的安全问
题,如生产安全、劳动安全、使用安全、技术安全、产品安
全、设施安全等;
Husband should be responsible for the safety of his family. (丈
夫应该对他家人的安全负责任。)
You had better lock the door for the sake of safety. (为了安全
起见,你最好把门锁上。)
The soldiers broke through the enemy's line of defence in safety.
(战士们安全顺利地突破了敌人的防线。)
2 security 常指社会政治性的安全问题。如社会安全、国家安
全、国际安全等,还可以指普通人的安全感。
For security reasons, everybody has to go through the checking
point. (为了安全起见,每个人都必须通过安检处。)
The National Security Ministry is responsible for the security of
the whole nation. (国家安全部是负责整个国家安全的部门。)
same; similar
【词义辨析】
1 same
“
”
的意思是同一的,同样的,相同的,完全一样的,
作形容词时,用于所修饰的名词前; 作代词时,表示同样的人或
事物,要和定冠词the 连用。
The children in this country get the same opportunity to go to
college. (这个国家的孩子们拥有上大学的同等机会。)
We have the same opinion on this matter. (在这件事上我们有
着同样的观点。)
The man over there is very ugly, but his wife loves him all the
same. (那边的那个男人很丑,可是他的妻子仍然很爱他。)
2 similar
“
”
的意思是相似的,类似的,相像的,相近的,表
示有一定的相同之处,但又不完全相同。
My new dress is similar to the one you have. (我的新衣服和
你的那件相似。)
All big cities are quite similar. (所有的大城市都大同小
异。)
The two signatures are so similar that it's very difficult to tell
them apart. (这两个签名非常相似,很难区别。)
satisfactory; satisfied; satisfying
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有满意的意思,但具体含义和用法不同。
1 satisfactory
“
”
的意思是令人满意的,指某事物或某事情令
人满意,能满足一定的要求,达到一定的目的。
Of the three answers, only the first one was satisfactory. (在三
个答案中,只有第一个是令人满意的。)
His composition is satisfactory, but he could do even better.
(他的作文写得不错,不过他还能做得更好。)
2 satisfied
“
”
的意思是感到满意的,感到满足的,指某人对某
件事情或事物感到满意。
He felt very satisfied when he heard that his son got a promotion.
(他听到儿子得到了提升,感觉非常满意。)
Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result.
(大多数人对结果都非常满意。)
3 satisfying
“
”
的意思是令人满意的,指某事物或事情给人一
种满足感。
Everybody is expecting a satisfying result. (每个人都在期盼
着一个令人满意的结果。)
His answer is satisfying, and I feel greatly satisfied. (他的答案
令人满意,我感到非常满意。)
save; rescue
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有救的意思,但用法有区别。
1 save
“
”
的意思是救,抢救,挽救,通常指帮助某人或事物
脱离险境或从不利局面中解脱出来,使之获得安全,能继续生
存或存在。此外,save
“
”
还有节省,节约的意思。
The boy saved a baby from a burning house. (男孩从着火的
房子中抢救出了一个婴儿。)
It was the soldier who saved my life. (是那位战士挽救了我的
生命。)
This can save a lot of time. (这可以节省很多时间。)
2 rescue 通常指采取迅速行动从直接和迫切的危险或祸患中
“
”
将某人或某物抢救出来,意思是营救,解救,援救,救出,既
可以作动词,也可以作名词。
They rushed into the building on fire and rescued many official
papers. (他们冲进失火的大楼,抢救出许多官方文件。)
The soldier rescued a man from drowning last night. (这个战
士昨晚救出了一个溺水的人。)
The government has refused to rescue the company from
bankruptcy. (政府拒绝对这家公司的破产予以援救。)
The rescue attempt was impeded by bad weather. (恶劣的天气给
营救工作带来很多困难。)
say; speak; talk; tell
【词义辨析】
“
”
四者都与说话有关。
1 say
“
”
的意思是说,讲,多指用语言表达自己的思想,强调
说话的内容,一般是作及物动词,它的宾语可以是名词、代词
或者从句,常用于直接引述所说的话或间接叙述所说的话。
I said goodbye to my mother when I left home. (我离开家时
跟妈妈说了再见。)
She says that she will never come back to see him. (她说,她
再也不会回来看他了。)
I woke up early and said to myself, “Shall I get up
”
?
(我醒得
“
”
很早,对自己说:我要起床吗?)
2 speak
“
”
的意思是说话,讲话,主要指说话的动作,而不是
说话的内容,常用作不及物动词,须用介词about, of, on, out
等。当speak 作及物动词时,其后的宾语是表示语言的名词,如
speak Chinese(说汉语),speak French(说法语)。
He spoke on behalf of the entire staff. (他代表全体同仁发
言。)
The biography speaks of great loneliness. (该传记表达了一种
极度的孤独。)
Try to speak out your point of view freely and fearlessly. (坦
率勇敢地说出你的观点。)
I have never spoken ill of you behind you. (我从未在背后说过你
的坏话。)
3 talk
“
”
的意思是谈话,谈论,说话,指相互之间的交流,一
般作不及物动词,与介词to 或者with
“
……
”
连用表示与
交谈,要
谈到关于某人某事时,后面接介词of 或者about。
Are you talking about the football match? (你是在说足球赛
吗?)
The teacher is talking with his students. (老师正在同他的学
生交谈。)
Everyone feels terrible when talking of the earthquake. (提及
地震人人都感到恐惧。)
The patient can talk. (这个病人能说话了。)
4 tell
“
……
……”
的意思是告诉,讲述,吩咐,对
说,讲
等,作
及物动词,常用作tell sb. sth.
或tell sth. to sb.或tell sb. to do sth.
结构。
Tell me what happened. (告诉我发生了什么事。)
Tell me not to do that again. (告诉我,不要再那样做了。)
Nobody can tell them apart. (没有人能把他们区分开来。)
The old lady is telling a story. (老奶奶正在讲故事。)
scene; scenery; sight; view
【词义辨析】
“
”
这四个词都与风景,景色有关,但含义有所不同。
1 scene
“
”
为可数名词,意思是景色,景象,场面,可指看到
的远近各处的景象以及人物的活动场面,还可以表示戏剧、电
“
”
“
”
影中的场景,情景,也可用来表示(犯罪的)地点,现场
等。
The scene represents the city's street. (这个场景代表了这座
城市的街道风格。)
The sunrise is a beautiful scene. (日出是一道美丽的风
景。)
It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the
crime scene. (显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指
纹。)
2 scenery
“
”
为不可数名词,意思是风景,景色,舞台布景,
尤指某一地区的自然景物或自然风光。
Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the
scenery. (我们每年到山区度假,欣赏那里的风光。)
The road passes through the most charming scenery. (这条大
路穿过极为迷人的风景区。)
The scenery of this country is unparalleled. (这个国家的风景
无与伦比。)
3 sight
“
”
的意思是景色,作可数名词时,往往指眼见的景
“
”
“
”
色,如供人游览的景和名胜等。
The waterfall is a beautiful sight. (瀑布是一道美丽的风
景。)
The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China. (故宫是中
国名胜之一。)
4 view
“
”
的意思是观点,看法,风景,视野。
The aircraft has disappeared from view. (飞机从视野中消失
了。)
The house has a very good view over the sea. (这座房子面向
大海,视野开阔。)
What's your point of view about it? (你对这件事有什么看
法?)
search; search for; search... for; in search of
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词都与寻找有关,但意义不同。
1 search
“
”
的意思是搜寻,查找,寻找,搜查,可作动词,
也可作名词。
He searched the room, but found nothing. (他搜查了房间,但
什么也没找到。)
The search for the missing panda is still going on. (搜寻失踪
大熊猫的工作仍然在继续。)
2 search for
“
”
的意思是到处寻找某人或某物,搜寻,为及物
动词短语。
All the people in this village were searching for the criminal.
(村庄里所有的人都在搜寻罪犯。)
Scientists are still searching for a cure for the common cold.
(科学家们仍在寻找治疗普通感冒的方法。)
3 search... for
“
……
……
的意思是在
里面搜寻,为了找出
而搜
”
查、搜索。
They searched the forest for the lost watch. (他们在森林里寻
找那块丢失的手表。)
The police searched the rooms for the missing boy. (警察搜查
房间,寻找那个失踪的男孩。)
4 in search of
“
”
的意思是寻找,寻求,of
“
后的名词是寻找的
”
目标。
The boy went to the kitchen in search of something to eat. (男
孩走进厨房找东西吃。)
They started off at once in search of the missing child. (他们
立即出发去寻找失踪的孩子。)
seat; sit
【词义辨析】
1 seat
“
常常作名词,但作动词时,它的意思是使就座,使坐
”
下,be seated
“
”
表示坐着的状态,seat oneself
“
的意思是就
”
座。
They seated themselves at the table and began to eat. (他们在
桌子旁坐了下来,开始吃东西。)
She seated the guests at the table. (她请客人就座用餐。)
The officer was seated behind his desk. (这个官员坐在他的
桌后。)
Please be seated. (请坐。)
2 sit
“
”
“
”
表示坐,就座时,为不及物动词;表示使就座时,
为及物动词,常与down 搭配使用。sit
“
还有一层意思是坐落,
”
容纳。
Who is the man sitting on the chair over there? (坐在那边椅
子上的那个男人是谁?)
The girl sat her doll down on the shelf. (那女孩把洋娃娃摆在
架子上。)
My house sits on a hill. (我的房子坐落在山上。)
The theater can sit 2,000 people. (这个剧场能容纳2 000 人。)
section; sector; part
【词义辨析】
1 section
“
”
“
的意思是部分,主要强调整体当中的一段,一
”
节。
A section of the railway is going to be closed. (铁路的一段将
要被封闭。)
The smoking section of the theater is in the balcony. (剧院的
吸烟处在楼座。)
2 sector
“
”
“
”
的意思是部分,部门,常指部门,也指军事上划
“
”
分的区。
Which sector of the government is the most powerful? (政府
的哪个部门最有权?)
After World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors. (第
二次世界大战后,柏林被划成四个区。)
3 part
“
”
的意思是部分,部件,相对于整体而言,几乎在任
何情况下都可以使用。
Parts of the book were interesting. (这本书其中的一些部分很
有趣。)
It is a difficult machine to manufacture because it has so many
parts. (这台机器很难造,因为它有很多部件。)
see... doing; see... do
【词义辨析】
1 see... doing
“
表示看到某件事情正在发生,或看到某人正在
”
做某事,强调动作正在进行当中。
I saw them dancing in the center of the hall. (我看到他们在大
厅中间跳舞。)
A plane was seen taking off. (有人看到一架飞机正在起
飞。)
2 see... do
“
表示看到某件事情发生的过程,或看到某人做了
”
某事,看到了动作全过程,强调动作已经完成,在被动语态中
要加上to。
I saw him wave to a lady. (我看到他朝一位女士挥手。)
He saw a car pass by. (他看到一辆小汽车从身边穿过。)
She was seen to give a book to a little boy. (有人看到她给了
一个小男孩一本书。)
seek; search
1 seek
“
”
的意思是寻找,寻求,比较正式,指寻找人或事
物,后面直接接宾语。
You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter. (就
这件事,你应该寻求律师的建议。)
He is going to New Zealand to seek his fortune. (他将去新西
兰追寻自己的发财梦。)
2 search
“
”
也有寻找的意思,通常加介词for
“
,表示寻找某人
”
或某物。但search
“
直接接宾语时,通常的意思是搜查,搜
”
寻。
The police are searching the house. (警察正在搜查房子。)
All the villagers are searching for the missing girl. (所有的村
民都在寻找失踪的女孩。)
seize; snatch; take
【词义辨析】
1 seize 通常表示突然地、强行地用力抓住不使其逃脱,指
“
”
抓住(时机),夺取等。
The policeman seized the thief. (警察抓住了小偷。)
Time is limited. Let's seize the opportunity. (时间有限,让我
们抓住机会。)
She seized hold of the old man when the train was coming. (当
火车呼啸而来时,她抓住了那位老人。)
2 snatch
“
”
的意思是夺,夺得,抓住,表示迅速的拉扯动
作,语气最强。
He snatched the book from my hands. (他从我的手里抢走了
书。)
The thief snatched her handbag and ran off. (小偷抢了她的手
提包就跑了。)
3 take
“
”
最为常见,意思是拿,取,带,表示用手去抓住或
伸出胳膊和手去抓。一般情况下,尤其在涉及具体事物时,它
可以表示用手取物的动作。
He took a book from the bookshelf. (他从书架上取了一本
书。)
She took an umbrella with her when she left. (她离开时带了
一把雨伞。)
send away; send for; send off; send out; send up
【词义辨析】
1 send away
“
……
”
的意思是赶走,把
送往远处。
He sent his son away to school in France. (他把儿子送到法国
念书。)
If the boy comes round again, send him away and tell him not to
come back. (如果小男孩再过来,把他赶走,并告诉他别再回
来了。)
2 send for
“
”
的意思是派人去请(取),叫。
Have you sent for the doctor? (你请医生了吗?)
One of our pipes has burst. We must send for a repairman. (我
们的一根水管裂了,得请修理工来。)
3 send off
“
……
”
的意思是寄出,给
送行。
I would like to send the parcel off. (我想把这个包裹寄出
去。)
The whole family went to the station to send him off. (全家人
都去车站为他送行。)
4 send out
“
”
意思是长出(芽、叶),发出(光、信号等)。
The sun sends out light and heat. (太阳发光发热。)
The ship sent out a message for help. (这艘船发出了求救信
号。)
5 send up
“
”
的意思是使上涨,发射,发出。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many
countries. (许多国家都发射过人造卫星。)
Any increase in production costs is bound to send prices up.
(生产成本的任何提高都必将导致价格上涨。)
set; sink
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都有下落,落下的意思,但用法有一定的区别。
1 set 主要指太阳、月亮、星星等的沉落或下落。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (太阳东升西
落。)
The moon is setting. (月亮正在下落。)
2 sink 指太阳、月亮等下落时,可以与set
“
互换,但表示物
”
体下沉到水中或泥土下面,沉没时,需使用sink。
The paper ship gradually sank to the bottom of river. (纸船渐
渐地沉到了河底。)
The Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg. (泰坦尼克号撞到冰
山后沉没了。)
set about; set aside; set off; set out; set up
【词义辨析】
1 set about
“
”
的意思是着手,开始(做)某事,后面可以接
名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
After breakfast, mother set about her household duties. (早餐
后,妈妈开始做家务活了。)
As soon as she arrived at home, she set about cleaning the room.
(她一到家就开始着手打扫房间。)
2 set aside
“
”
的意思是放置一边,搁置。
Smith set aside his papers and began to smoke. (史密斯把论
文放在了一边,开始抽烟。)
Henry set his new book aside for a year while he wrote some
articles to make some money. (亨利把自己要写的新书放在一边
有一年时间了,他用这段时间来写文章赚钱。)
3 set off
“
的意思是动身,出发,开始跑(行驶),使(装
”
置、机器)开动。
After I had finished eating, he proposed to set off at once. (我
吃完了后,他建议马上出发。)
He went out to set off firecrackers. (他到外边放鞭炮。)
He accidentally set off the fire alarm. (他无意中触动了火灾
警报器。)
4 set out
“
”
的意思是开始,出发,陈列等。
She set out on a trip to Europe. (她开始了欧洲之旅。)
They are setting out on a new experiment. (他们正在着手进
行一项新的试验。)
They set out to build a new house. (他们着手建造一座新房
子。)
5 set up
“
”
的意思是建立,创立,竖立起来。
They set up a First Aid Post on the beach. (他们在海边建立起
了救护站。)
Let's set up the tent first, and then make the fire. (让我们先把
帐篷支起来,然后再生火。)
settle down; settle for; settle on/upon; settle up
1 settle down
“
”
的意思是安顿下来,定居下来,安静下来。
My wife will come over as soon as I settle down. (我一安顿下
来,我妻子就过来。)
The teacher asked the students to settle down and study the
lesson. (老师让学生安静下来学习。)
2 settle for
“
……”
的意思是同意接受,甘心
。
She will not settle for being an ordinary housewife. (她不甘心
做一名家庭主妇。)
He wants to make a quick sale, so he will settle for a low price.
(他想快点把货卖掉,所以甘愿接受低价。)
3 settle on/upon
“
……
的意思是就
达成协议,最后决定/
”
选定。
We finally settled on the blue vase. (我们最后决定选蓝色的
花瓶。)
After some discussion, we settled on a date in early July. (经过
讨论之后,我们达成了一致意见,把日期定在7 月初。)
4 settle up
“
”
的意思是结账,把钱付清。
Please leave the bill with me. I will settle up. (请把账单留给
我,我来结账。)
You bought the tickets, and I paid for the meal. Shall we settle
up now? (你买票,我付餐费。我们现在就把账算清,如何?)
shake; tremble; shiver
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都有抖动的意思,但用法不同。
1 shake
“
”
的意思是摇动,抖动,晃动,震动。
The trees are shaking in the wind. (树在风中摇动。)
Shake the medicine before taking it. (服前将药摇匀。)
The old man shook his head to indicate that he didn't agree.
(老人摇头以示他不同意这件事。)
2 tremble
“
”
的意思是发抖,打战,通常是因为寒冷、劳累、
恐惧等而不由自主地发出的动作。
Mary is trembling from head to foot. (玛丽浑身发抖。)
People tremble when they are cold, excited or full of fear. (人
们会在感到冷、兴奋或者恐惧的时候打战。)
3 shiver
“
”
的意思是由寒冷或恐惧引起的颤抖,打哆嗦,特别
指身体轻微的颤抖。
He was shivering all over. (他浑身哆嗦。)
Smith was shivering with cold so that his teeth are chattering.
(史密斯冻得直哆嗦,牙齿也跟着打战。)
shame sb. into doing; shame sb. out of doing
【词义辨析】
1 shame sb. into doing
“
的意思是使某人感到羞愧而去做某
”
事,使某人感到难为情只好去做某事。
I stared at her hard and eventually shamed her into giving up her
seat to an old lady. (我狠狠地盯着她,最后让她感到很羞愧,
只好把座位让给了老妇人。)
They shamed me into returning the stolen money. (他们让我
感到羞愧,我只好把偷来的钱还了回去。)
2 shame sb. out of doing
“
的意思是使某人感到羞愧/难为情而
”
不去做某事或停止做某事。
They finally shamed her out of driving so fast. (他们最终让她
感到很难为情,不再把车开得那么快了。)
What his friends said shamed him out of stealing. (朋友的话
让他很惭愧,不再偷东西了。)
shoot; shoot at
【词义辨析】
1 shoot
“
作及物动词时,意思是(用枪)射中,击中,打死
”
(伤),后面直接接宾语。
He made up his mind to shoot the bear if it came again. (如果
熊再来,他决心用枪把它打死。)
He shot himself yesterday. (昨日他饮弹自杀。)
2 shoot at
“
”
的意思是瞄准,把枪口对准,是以某人或某物为
目标进行射击,不一定射中。
I asked my soldiers to shoot at the building. (我让我的士兵朝
大楼开枪。)
She shot at that target but missed it. (她向靶射击,但没有命
中。)
shut down; shut off; shut up
【词义辨析】
1 shut down
“
”
的意思是停业,关闭,停工。
I shut down my factory. (我把工厂关闭了。)
The whole factory shuts down for two weeks' summer holiday.
(整个工厂停工,放两个星期的暑假。)
2 shut off
“
”
的意思是关掉,断掉,堵塞。
I shut off the gas and electricity before leaving on holiday. (休
假前,我关掉煤气和电。)
All the little leaks were shut off. (所有的小漏洞都被堵上
了。)
3 shut up
“
……
的意思是关上,把
关(锁)在里面,闭嘴(不
”
讲话)。
The shop was shut up. (商店关门了。)
She shut the boy up in the room. (她把男孩锁在了房间
里。)
Shut up! I don't want to listen. (闭嘴,我不想听。)
sign for; sign in; sign out; sign up
【词义辨析】
“
”
这些词组都与签字有关,但具体意义不同。
1 sign for
“
”
的意思是签字领取(签收),签字表示收到。
This kind of mail must be signed for. (这种邮件必须签
收。)
There is a letter for Mary to sign for. (有一封需要玛丽签收的
信。)
2 sign in
“
”
的意思是签到,签名表示已经到了。
Every morning I sign in first and then go to my own office. (每
天早上,我先签到,然后去自己的办公室。)
Every student must sign in when they come back to the
dormitory. (每个学生回到宿舍都要签到。)
3 sign out
“
”
的意思是登记离开。
All my students sign out for home on Friday. (我所有的学生都在
周五登记离校回家。)
I will not dine in college tonight. Would you mind signing me out?
(我今晚不在学院吃饭,你介意我登记离开吗?)
4 sign up
“
”
的意思是报名(签字)参加,招收。
We will not throw the party unless more people sign up. (我们
将不举办这场聚会,除非有更多的人报名参加。)
The government wanted to sign up more men for the police
force, but few signed up. (政府想多招收一些警察,但没有什么
人报名参加。)
since; when
【词义辨析】
1 since 除了引导时间状语从句外,还可以引导原因状语从
句,表示事物的原因或解释说明,常位于句首。
Since I no longer love you, I have to say goodbye to you. (既
然我不再爱你了,我得跟你说再见了。)
Since I put on weight easily, I'm forever on a diet. (既然我容
易发胖,我要永远节食了。)
2 when 除了引导时间状语从句外,也可以引导原因状语从
句,表示看法、评论或问题的原因,所引导的从句常常位于主
句之后。
Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one
already? (既然你已经有了这么好的工作,为什么还要找新的工
作?)
It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these
cheaper ones are just as good. (既然这些便宜的大衣也不错,买
那件昂贵的就没有意义了。)