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高中英语重难点词汇辨析汇总(讲义)
Lesson 13 词汇 E2
examination; test; quiz
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都是表示考试的名词,但三者的用法有一定的区别。
1 examination 用法比较正规,通常指比较正式的考试,如学期考
试、入学考试等。
He passed the college entrance examination and became the first
college student in the village in 1977. (1977 年,他通过了高考,成
为村子里第一个大学生。)
We will have a final examination in English tomorrow. (我们明天
将要进行英语期末考试。)
2 test 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。
The teacher gave us a test in words spelling. (老师对我们进行了
单词拼写测验。)
We are to have a physics test next week. (下周我们有物理测
验。)
3 quiz 表示小考、测验,指事先无准备,时间较短,随时进行的
口头或书面的非正式测验。
They had a quiz in running this morning. (今天上午他们进行了长
跑测验。)
The teacher gave us a quiz in oral English in class. (老师在课堂上
测验了我们的英语口语。)
examine; check; test
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都是动词,都有检查的意思。
1 examine 指仔细检查或审查某物,侧重看人或事物存在的问题
“
”
或毛病,还有考试之意。
All the luggage is to be examined when you enter the customs. (进
入海关时所有的行李都要检查。)
The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong. (医生给她
作了检查,但没发现什么问题。)
All the subjects will be examined by the end of this semester. (这学
期末每门课都要考试。)
2 check 表示逐一核对内容是否有遗漏,侧重比较仔细地核对检
查。
Check the money before you put them into your bag. (把钱放进包
里前,你要核对一下。)
You'd better check your answers before you hand in your paper. (交
卷前你最好再检查一遍答案。)
3 test 指检查身体的某个部位或体检,也可指测试或检查学生对
“
”
某一科目的掌握情况,还有试验,检验等意思。
The experts are testing the degree of water pollution. (专家正在测
验水污染的程度。)
Our medicine is not tested on animals. (我们的药物没有进行动物
试验。)
The military training will test our powers of strength and endurance.
(这次军训将考验我们的体力和耐力。)
excellent; good; fine; nice; well
【词义辨析】
“
”
这组词都是形容词,都有好的意思,但是用法不同。
1 excellent
“
”
指出色的,优秀的,卓越的。
She is an excellent actress. (她是一名优秀的演员。)
The boy is excellent in math. (这个男孩在数学方面有出色的天
分。)
2 good
“
是通用词,使用范围甚广,可译成优良的,上等的,好
”
的,有益的等,可以用来说明人或事物。
David is a good boy. (大卫是个好孩子。)
The New Year is coming; I wish all of you good health. (新年就要
到了,我希望大家身体健康。)
This is a good book. (这是一本好书。)
3 fine
“
”
“
”
“
表示上好的,精细的,也可以表示美好的,天气晴朗
”
的。
She always wears fine clothes. (她总穿着好衣服。)
This is a fine jade. (这是块上等的玉。)
It is a fine day today. (今天天气真好。)
4 nice
“
”
含有美好的,美妙的,美味的,漂亮的等意思,也可以
“
”
表示对人友好和蔼的意思。
She is a nice girl. (她是个好姑娘。)
It's nice to meet you. (见到你很高兴。)
5 well
“
”
“
”
作形容词时指身体状况良好,作副词时表示好,用来
修饰形容词。
He cannot speak Chinese well. (他汉语说得不好。)
The old teacher is quite well. (那个老教师身体很健康。)
except; except for; except that; except when
【词义辨析】
1 except
“
”
“
”
表示除去,不包括,强调所排除的不包括在内,后
面的词同句中的主语是一致的。
Everybody came to the class yesterday except Xiao Wang. (昨天,
除了小王以外,大家都来上课了。)
I can take my holidays at any time except in July. (除了7 月以外,
我可以在任何时间休假。)
She had been to everywhere except Tibet. (除了西藏以外,她去
过其他任何地方。)
2 except for
“
……
”
表示除
以外,用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对
局部的否定,它不表示同类事物之间的关系,后接的词同句子中的
“
”
主语不是同类的。另外还有如果不是,若非的意思。
I can help you to solve all the problems except for the last one. (我
可以帮你解决所有的问题,但最后一个问题除外。)
Now all the students are quiet except for Tom. (除了汤姆以外,所
有的学生都安静了。)
Except for you, I would pass the exam. (如果不是你,我就会通过
考试。)
3 except that 后接从句,与except for 意思一样,可以互换。
This will do except for the length. (如果不是它太长的话,这会很
好。)
=This will do except that it is too long.
All are here except for the absence of my elder sister. (除了我姐姐
以外,大家都在这儿。)
=All are here except that my elder sister is absent.
4 except when 后可加时间状语从句,when
“
……
”
有当
时之意。
I like him except when he is mean. (除了他吝啬的时候,我还是
喜欢他的。)
Except when I'm running, Im just working. (除了在跑步外,我
都在工作。)
exchange; change
【词义辨析】
1 exchange
“
”
的意思是交换,兑换,可作名词也可作动词。
They exchanged hostages with each other. (他们相互交换了人
质。)
What is the exchange rate for the dollar? (美元的汇率是多少?)
We exchanged our opinions about the event at the meeting. (在会
上,我们就此事交换了意见。)
2 change
“
”
“
”
的意思是改变,也可作名词,意思为零钱。
Our plans have changed. (我们的计划已经改变了。)
Everything has been changed for 30 years reform. (改革30 年来一
切都发生了变化。)
How much have you got in change? (你有多少零钱?)
excited; exciting
【词义辨析】
两者都是形容词,但用法和含义不同。
1 excited
“
”
意为兴奋的,激昂的,表示某人因某事而兴奋、激
动。
She's so excited about the upcoming holiday. (对即将来到的假
日,她兴奋不已。)
He was excited at the news. (他对那个消息感到兴奋。)
The excited old lady got died because of that exciting news. (那个
激动的老太太由于那个激动人心的消息而去世。)
2 exciting
“
”
意为令人兴奋的,使人激动的,常用物作主语。
Most people like watching football games because they are very
exciting. (许多人喜欢看足球赛,因为足球比赛让人激动。)
The pictures in the book are exciting. (这本书里面的图画都引人
入胜。)
The news is exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)
excuse me; sorry; pardon
【词义辨析】
“
”
三者都含有对不起,请原谅的意思。
1 excuse me
“
”
的意思是对不起,劳驾,可用于引起别人注意、道
歉、向别人借东西、问路、询问时间以及请求帮助等。
Excuse me, can you tell me where the school is? (劳驾,请问学校
在哪里?)
Excuse me, may I use your pen? (对不起,我能用你的钢笔
吗?)
Excuse me!Are you from China? (请问你来自中国吗?)
2 sorry
“
”
“
”
常用于表示对不起和遗憾两种意思,往往是因为做错
“
”
“
”
了事情或打扰了别人而向人赔不是或道歉。
【例句】
I'm sorry I broke your mirror. (很抱歉,我把你的镜子打碎
了。)
I was sorry to hear that Chinese Basketball Team lost the game. (我
很遗憾听到中国篮球队输球的消息。)
I'm sorry, but you can't bring your bicycle into the cabin. (抱歉,
你不能把自行车带进车厢。)
3 I beg your pardon.
“
”
的意思为请原谅,可用于做错事道歉,谈话
中提出异议以前,希望重复一遍时等。
I beg your pardon for disturbing you. (请原谅,打扰了。)
—Have you finished reading the book? (——你看完那本书了
吗?)
—Beg your pardon? (——对不起,你说什么?)
expect; wait
【词义辨析】
“
”
两者都和等待有关。
1 expect
“
”
是盼望,期待的意思。
I'm expecting the day when we meet again. (我在期待着和你重逢
的那一天。)
We expected that you would succeed. (我们预计你会成功的。)
2 wait 用法比较通俗,后面不能直接接名词,常跟介词for 连
用。
She was waiting for the bus. (她正在等公共汽车。)
Time waits for no man. (岁月不等人。)