考点 35 语法填空之有提示词（核心考点精讲精
练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
有提示词 无提示词
年份 卷别 词数
形容词
谓语 非谓语 名词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词
副词
新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
2023
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
2022
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近3年命题上看，考查形式包括有提示词(6～7个)和无提示词(3～4个)两种。有提示词的考向主要
有：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词性转换等；
无提示词的考向主要有；介词、冠词、连接词、代词等：且每空只能填一个单词。
【备考策略】
1．利用体裁特点解题
快速通读整篇文章，了解其体裁特征，理清其逻辑关系，初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、写法等，
给分析句子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。
2．利用句法分析解题
语法填空主要是从语法角度入手，对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整；每种成分由
什么样的词性来充当；复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系；特殊句式要分析是否符合其
固定的格式。
3．利用习惯搭配解题
英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型，在通读全文的基础上，认真分析句子结构，准确辨识句子中
的这些固定搭配，利用平时的积累，基本上凭语感就可以解题。
4．利用语篇标志解题
语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体，其中各成分之间，在形式上是衔接的，在语义上是连贯的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如：firstly、secondly、next等表示次序和列举；
again、moreover、what is more 等表示递进：similarly、equally、as with 等表示相似；so、altogether、
thus、in short等表示总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系，弄清文章的来龙去
脉。
3.【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考语法填空长难句进一步增加，强化考生英语的实际运
用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综合考查。另外，语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、
篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。
必备基础知识：
01 考点一 提示词为动词原形
一 考查谓语动词
I 解题步骤
1.分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语动词，如果缺少谓语，则应填谓语动词:
1. 根据时间标志词、并列谓语、上下文语境或固定句式确定用哪种时态
2.根据主语和谓语之间的主动、被动关系确定是否用被动语态;
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，即要符合主谓一致原则。
II 解题技巧考虑时态 根据关键词答题
(1)看到often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
查找
(3)看到tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
时态
(4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
标志
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever
词
since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
(1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式
查找
确定所填谓语动词的时态。
连词
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
(1) sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
(2) This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
查找常
(3) This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
用句式
(4) sb +had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时
(5) 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
语境暗 分析句子结构，没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解
示 题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
考虑语态 关键步骤
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动
根据逻辑辨
关系则考虑用被动语态。
别主动或被
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
动关系
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
主动表被动 (1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；(2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
考虑主谓一致 根据关键词答题
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(2)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词
表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along
语法一致
with，rather than，including，in addition to等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(4)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词
作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
(5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词
就近一致 的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是集体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group等。
意义一致
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
1.（2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____ 5 7____ (bite) a small hole in it
first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____ 5 8 or____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,
letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
1.（2024年辽宁省东北育才学校一模试题）Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to
create a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside (do).
2.（河北省唐山市2024年高三演练试题） It (design) to allow in light, improve ventilation (通
风), and harvest rainwater.
二 考查非谓语动词1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh
air.
2.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
1.（广东省深圳市2024年高三试题）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in
1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
2.（辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷）Shyness is a force which prevents us from realizing our potential
and (enjoy) the company of other people.
三 考查词性转换
当所给动词既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时，考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词，偶有
变形容词或副词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
下面为常考词形转换（具体参考本专辑第01讲构词法）
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情
况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56engineering____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective
____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass
and aluminium (铝).
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
02 考点二、提示词为名词
名词在语法填空中主要的考查方式为：名词单复数的变化以及名词所有格的变化，也有考到构词法中的知
识。（详见本专辑第01讲构词法）
做题的时候要注意联系上下文，观察此处该填入的是否为名词复数或者是名词所有格。
Tips：做题步骤1——先确定这个空填入的是名词。语法填空想让我们填名词的时候，一般该横线处如
果是在冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或者指示代词后面时，则考虑填入的是名词。
做题步骤2——确定该空填的是名词之后，就要考虑该空是否填入的是名词复数。当提示词前面有
some，many，a lot of，lots of，few,a few, 2以上的基数词等词修饰时，我们要知道此处需要填入名词复数
形式。
做题步骤3——名词所有格相对于名词复数来说，考的频率没有名词复数高，但是同样也需要掌握。
做题时，注意理解句子意思，当句子意思中明确含有“某人的，谁谁谁的”，要变名词所有格。（注：当
给出的提示词为名词，而横线后的词也是一个名词时，注意判断此处横线内要填的词基本可以判断为起的
是形容词的作用，即填入名词所有格形式。）
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender
and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
2.【2024全国甲卷】They are ____42____（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）.（河北省衡水市第二中学 2023-2024 学年高三检测试题）“They showed me what it’s like to be____
(passion) about something,” he said.
03 考点三、提示词为形容词
形容词与副词一般放一起考。给形容词我们考虑填其副词形式，或者考查形容词、副词的比较级和最
高级。做题时候要注意看此处缺形容词还是副词，注意看是否考查词的等级。
时刻记住：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子。
Tips1：做题步骤1——当横线后（或者横线前）的词为动词，或者横线后的词为形容词，而给出的提
示词又是形容词时，该横线处填入的是副词；
做题步骤2——当给出的提示词为形容词，而横线处是修饰整个句子的，横线内也填入副词；
做题步骤3——当给出的提示词为形容词，而句中有more, than, much,even 等词时提示我们此空要用比
较级；如果有the，most等词，填入最高级。有时要先变副词再变副词最高级，做题时注意看被修饰的是
名词还是动词等。【比较级特殊句式： the +比较级… the +比较级…（越……越……）；最高级特殊句式：
one of+the +最高级+名词复数“最…其中之一】
Tips2：常考的副词还有一个是在没有给出提示词时的表示句子逻辑关系的，经常出现在句首。表转折
关系的however就经常考。
比较级与最高级的结构：
1. 单音节形容词：比较级在形容词词尾+er, 最高级+est。（注意特殊情况，如以不发音字母e结尾的
直接词尾加上r或者st； 以辅音字母+y结尾的，将y改为i再加er或者est, 重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾的
字母再加er/est。）；
2. 多音节形容词：比较级在词的前面+more, 最高级+est；
3. 不规则变形：
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
1.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_ means ____ (mean) there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___43___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
（江苏省苏州中学校2024年高三试题）The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes
even (popular) among tourists.
04 考点四、提示词为代词
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下所填代词是否与上文提
到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语：人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语：形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物，用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
【温馨提示】
代词解题注意事项
1．通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况，则用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句，此时需先用it作形式宾语，然后接从句，有此用法的动词
(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2．理清范围，看清句式，确定不定代词
(1)两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both；
(2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以
上都选用all；
(3)其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the
other；若表示“其余的，另外的”，在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数， 用others。
3．通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，若指代复数形式用those；
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one，若指代复数形式用ones。
,
【2022全国乙卷】The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening
_____ _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.（2024九省联考卷）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write
faster, and they can feel proud of (they).
05 考点五、提示词为数词
根据句子结构和逻辑意思及基数词变序数词的规律解题。变化规律详见本专辑考点01名词和数词。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables
date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
2.（2021新高考II卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
【2024届湖南省邵阳市高三下学期第三次联考】The abacus (算盘), a manually operated counting aid that
originated in China, was known as the 21 (five) great invention in China by Joseph Needham, a well-
known British biochemist and historian. Before the advent of Arabic numerals, the abacus was a widely used
counting tool globally.
（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Distracted driving is an ongoing problem. A new poll by State Farm, 11 insurance company, proves
once again that the roads are full of fools. One in five of the 912 drivers 12 (survey) last November
admitted accessing the Internet on their smartphones while driving. Over the past several months, the company 13
(conduct) a deeper study. 14 (teenager) and young adults are more addicted to their phones, and they’re
also less experienced drivers, a reason for danger on the roads with a likely 15 (high) percentage of
smartphone use while driving.
Despite 16 (acknowledge) the dangers, none of the guilty drivers seems to be ashamed of 17
(them). “I’m not saying it’s the smartest thing in the world,” says Sean Black, a 38-year-old Illinois resident, “but I
guess I just do it anyway.”Maybe, to a certain degree, this behavior will never change 18 a near-accident
or actual crash doesn’t take place. Even then, the change will only happen 19 the basis of each individual case,
and it puts the lives and well-being of innocents at the mercy of those 20 are too lazy to change theirhabits.
Passage 2（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking along the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, but Jim Spear has taken it one step
21 (far), spending the last 18 years living in a village beneath the ancient wonder.
22 68-year-old, a self-taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to
move to China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 23 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today,
Spear calls Mutianyu village home. In this quiet place, 24 (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of
the Great Wall, he lives with his dog in a home with a courtyard garden he tended 25 (he).
As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house, 26 comes with multiple
views of the Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents. Over the
years, the architect 27 (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate
28 hotels or restaurants, while 29 (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as
possible.
In 30 (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in
2014.
Passage 1（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianshui in Northwest China’s Gansu Province is sweeping social media with one of its unique dishes. This
city is stepping into the spotlight now that its local street dish malatang has become increasingly 1 (influence)
on social media.
According to the China News Agency, one restaurant owner in Tianshui 2 (note), “we have been
serving at least 400 customers a day, as people from other provinces drive to the city to get 3 taste of the
local cuisine.” “There has been a long queue outside my restaurant even on weekdays,” said the shop owner. The
growing 4 (popular) of this kind of street food can also be reflected in its main ingredient, the Gangu chili
pepper, or lamb’s horn pepper, grown in Gangu county, a place well-known 5 the “Hometown of Chili
Peppers” in China.
The sales of products such as the broth for Tianshui malatang and Gangu chili peppers have been surging
recently. In some places, the sales of Gangu chili peppers 6 (increase) tenfold in the past two weeks. Young
customers born in the 1990s have become the leading force for its consumption, 7 (account) for 40
percent of chili pepper product sales. At the same time, related hashtags such as “going for malatang in Gansu by
high-speed train” have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo, 8 on the short video platform Douyin, the
topic Tianshui has been viewed more than 12 billion times.
The successful tourism experience 9 (earn) by the cities of Zibo and Harbin has paved the way for
Tianshui, 10 the culinary dish is becoming a main force for the city to stand out.
