ARTICLE · 1053086
小学英语期中复习清单①:单词、句型、语法一次整理
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期中考试前，英语到底该复习什么？
单词、句型、语法都是重点，但很多孩子复习时只是把课本重新读一遍，真正考试时，还是容易在单词变形、句型转换、动词用法这些基础题上丢分。
这篇把小学英语期中考试中比较常见的基础知识整理出来，家长可以直接带孩子逐项检查。
期中复习单词时，建议重点检查三件事：
会不会拼、会不会变、会不会放进句子里。
这些动词在课本、句型和阅读中都很常见：
be —— 是
have —— 有
do —— 做
go —— 去
come —— 来
get —— 得到；到达
make —— 制作
take —— 拿；带
give —— 给
get up —— 起床
eat —— 吃
drink —— 喝
play —— 玩；参加运动
read —— 阅读
write —— 写
draw —— 画
sing —— 唱歌
dance —— 跳舞
swim —— 游泳
run —— 跑
walk —— 走
jump —— 跳
help —— 帮助
like —— 喜欢
love —— 喜爱
want —— 想要
need —— 需要
know —— 知道
think —— 想；认为
see —— 看见
look —— 看
watch —— 观看
listen —— 听
speak —— 说
say —— 说
tell —— 告诉
ask —— 问
answer —— 回答
buy —— 买
find —— 找到
live —— 居住
visit —— 拜访；参观
learn —— 学习
study —— 学习
teach —— 教
start —— 开始
finish —— 完成
2. 常见形容词
big —— 大的
small —— 小的
tall —— 高的
short —— 矮的；短的
long —— 长的
young —— 年轻的
old —— 老的；旧的
new —— 新的
good —— 好的
bad —— 坏的
happy —— 开心的
sad —— 难过的
tired —— 疲倦的
hungry —— 饥饿的
thirsty —— 口渴的
busy —— 忙碌的
easy —— 容易的
difficult —— 困难的
interesting —— 有趣的
important —— 重要的
beautiful —— 漂亮的
clean —— 干净的
dirty —— 脏的
fast —— 快的
slow —— 慢的
这些词看起来简单，却是阅读和句型题中的高频词。
today —— 今天
yesterday —— 昨天
tomorrow —— 明天
morning —— 早上
afternoon —— 下午
evening —— 晚上
night —— 夜晚
day —— 天
week —— 周
month —— 月
year —— 年
weekend —— 周末
holiday —— 假期
birthday —— 生日
重点短语：
every day —— 每天
every week —— 每周
last week —— 上周
next week —— 下周
last year —— 去年
next year —— 明年
two days ago —— 两天前
yesterday morning —— 昨天早上
看到 yesterday、last、ago，要特别注意动词形式。
school —— 学校
classroom —— 教室
library —— 图书馆
playground —— 操场
park —— 公园
hospital —— 医院
supermarket —— 超市
shop —— 商店
restaurant —— 餐馆
museum —— 博物馆
zoo —— 动物园
farm —— 农场
city —— 城市
town —— 城镇
village —— 村庄
street —— 街道
station —— 车站
cinema —— 电影院
home —— 家
常见表达：
at school —— 在学校
in the classroom —— 在教室里
go to the park —— 去公园
go home —— 回家
注意：
go home
而不是 go to home。
father —— 父亲
mother —— 母亲
parent —— 父母之一
brother —— 兄弟
sister —— 姐妹
grandfather —— 祖父；外祖父
grandmother —— 祖母；外祖母
uncle —— 叔叔；舅舅等
aunt —— 姑姑；阿姨等
cousin —— 堂/表兄弟姐妹
friend —— 朋友
classmate —— 同学
teacher —— 老师
student —— 学生
child —— 孩子
children —— 孩子们
重点：
child → children
不是 childs。
1. What —— 什么
What is this?
这是什么？
2. Who —— 谁
Who is that boy?
那个男孩是谁？
3. Whose —— 谁的
Whose book is this?
这是谁的书？
4. Where —— 哪里
Where do you live?
你住在哪里？
5. When —— 什么时候
When do you get up?
你什么时候起床？
6. Why —— 为什么
Why are you late?
你为什么迟到？
Because I got up late.
因为我起晚了。
7. Which —— 哪一个
Which book do you like?
你喜欢哪本书？
8. How —— 怎样
How are you?
你好吗？
这些组合建议单独记。
how many —— 多少（可数）
how much —— 多少；多少钱
how old —— 多大
how long —— 多长；多久
how often —— 多久一次
how far —— 多远
what time —— 几点
what color —— 什么颜色
what day —— 星期几
what kind of —— 什么种类的
例如：
How many books do you have?
你有多少本书？
How much is the bag?
这个书包多少钱？
How old are you?
你多大？
1. What's...?
What's your name?
你叫什么名字？
My name is Tom.
2. What's this/that?
What's this?
It's a pencil.
3. Who is...?
Who is she?
She is my sister.
4. Where is...?
Where is my schoolbag?
It's under the desk.
5. Where are...?
Where are my books?
They are on the desk.
注意：
一个用 is，多个用 are。
6. What do you...?
What do you do after school?
你放学后做什么？
I play football.
7. What does he/she...?
What does he do on Sundays?
他星期日做什么？
He plays football.
注意：
does后面用动词原形。
Be动词开头
Are you a student?
Yes, I am.
No, I'm not.
Do开头
Do you like apples?
Yes, I do.
No, I don't.
Does开头
Does she like music?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn't.
Can开头
Can you swim?
Yes, I can.
No, I can't.
一个非常重要的规律
看到：
Does + 主语 + 动词？
后面的动词必须用原形。
例如：
Does he like football?
不能写：
Does he likes football?
以：
She likes apples.
为例。
肯定句
She likes apples.
否定句
She doesn't like apples.
一般疑问句
Does she like apples?
肯定回答
Yes, she does.
否定回答
No, she doesn't.
重点：
does出现以后，likes要变回like。
最基础，也最容易丢分。
I → am
I am a student.
I am happy.
he / she / it → is
He is tall.
She is my friend.
It is a dog.
you / we / they → are
You are right.
We are students.
They are happy.
可以记成：
I am
单数第三人称 is
you和复数 are
I / you / we / they → have
I have a book.
We have two dogs.
They have a new teacher.
he / she / it → has
He has a bike.
She has a cat.
It has four legs.
重点：
第三人称单数：have → has
一般现在时中，主语是：
he / she / it / 单数人名
动词通常要变化。
例如：
I play football.
They play football.
He plays football.
再看：
I like apples.
She likes apples.
We go to school.
Tom goes to school.
They watch TV.
Amy watches TV.
常见第三人称单数变化
play → plays
like → likes
read → reads
help → helps
go → goes
do → does
watch → watches
wash → washes
teach → teaches
study → studies
fly → flies
特别注意
He goes to school.
不是：
He go to school.
基本结构：
主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
例如：
I am reading.
She is singing.
He is running.
They are playing.
常见提示词：
now —— 现在
look —— 看
listen —— 听
at the moment —— 此刻
例如：
Look! The boy is running.
看！这个男孩正在跑步。
动词-ing常见变化
直接加-ing：
play → playing
read → reading
eat → eating
go → going
去掉e再加-ing：
make → making
write → writing
dance → dancing
双写最后一个字母：
run → running
swim → swimming
sit → sitting
yesterday —— 昨天
last week —— 上周
last month —— 上个月
last year —— 去年
ago —— ……以前
just now —— 刚才
例如：
I played football yesterday.
我昨天踢足球了。
go → went
come → came
see → saw
eat → ate
have → had
do → did
get → got
buy → bought
take → took
make → made
give → gave
write → wrote
read → read
复习时，不要只背中文意思，最好一起记：
go → went —— 去
eat → ate —— 吃
buy → bought —— 买
一个：
a book
多个：
two books
book → books
apple → apples
bag → bags
class → classes
box → boxes
watch → watches
bus → buses
baby → babies
child → children
man → men
woman → women
foot → feet
tooth → teeth
注意：
two books
不能写成：
two book
some
通常用于肯定句：
I have some apples.
any
通常用于否定句和疑问句：
I don't have any apples.
Do you have any apples?
简单记：
肯定句常用some
否定句、疑问句常用any
many + 可数名词
many books
many students
many apples
much + 不可数名词
much water
much milk
much money
记忆：
many看“个数”
much看“量”
一个
There is a book on the desk.
桌子上有一本书。
多个
There are three books on the desk.
桌子上有三本书。
记住：
There is + 单数
There are + 复数
in —— 在……里面
The books are in the bag.
on —— 在……上面
The book is on the desk.
under —— 在……下面
The cat is under the chair.
behind —— 在……后面
The boy is behind the door.
in front of —— 在……前面
The school is in front of the park.
next to —— 紧挨着
The library is next to the classroom.
between —— 在两者之间
The school is between the library and the park.
下一篇继续整理：易错点、阅读理解和考前自测。
