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高考英语名词性从句详解及近五年高考真题汇编

发布时间：2026-10-14 13:52:48 最近访问：2026-10-14 13:52:49

高考英语名词性从句详解及近五年高考真题汇编（附答案）

在高考英语语法体系中，名词性从句是贯穿始终的核心重难点，也是新高考每年必考的高频考点！涵盖主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类型，稳定出现在语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解、书面表达四大题型中。
 很多高三同学刷题时总踩坑：分不清what/that用法、搞不懂从句成分、混淆whether/if使用场景、看不懂长难句从句结构。归根结底，是没有吃透高考真题的命题规律。
真题，是最高效的复习资料！
本篇专门整理近五年高考英语全套名词性从句真题，全部标注年份、卷别，纯原题无改编、无模拟题。排版分为「真题刷题区」和「答案解析区」，同学们可以独立刷题自测，做完再对照解析复盘，精准攻克名词性从句所有高考考点与设题陷阱，适配高三一轮专项突破！
一.名词性从句精讲
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
What truly defines a fulfilling life① is a question that has fascinated philosophers for centuries.Many people believe that happiness lies in continuous personal growth②.One undeniable fact is that we are the architects of our own future③.There is a growing consensus among psychologists that a sense of purpose is fundamental to our well-being④.
However，simply having a goal is not enough.We must also consider how we can achieve it②.Whether we succeed or not① often depends on our perseverance.The most valuable lesson I have learned is that failure is not the opposite of success，but a part of it③.We should hold onto the belief that every effort we make shapes our destiny④.
Therefore，let us not fear challenges.What we become① is ultimately the result of what we consistently do②.The key is that we dare to dream and have the courage to pursue it③.
[规则感悟]　①谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。此外，该从句可以用it作形式主语。②位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是宾语从句。③位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。

1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示

引导词 功能
从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
whether，if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
because，as if/though 在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”
连接代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；whose在从句中作定语
连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever) 在从句中作状语

2．名词性从句的语序是陈述语序

Do you know where will the party be held？(×)
Do you know where the party will be held？(√)

3．名词性从句的时态

(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。
It is profoundly disappointing to me that he broke my favourite vase，a cherished gift from my grandmother.
他打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，这个花瓶是我珍藏的来自祖母的礼物，这令我深感失望。
I have heard from a reliable source that our teacher，along with the other delegates，is scheduled to return tomorrow.据可靠消息，我们的老师以及其他代表已定于明日返回。
(2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也用某种过去时态。
I asked her if she would allow me to interview her，and she readily agreed.
我问她是否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。
My teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
老师说太阳从东方升起西方落下。 (客观真理)

4．what与that的用法

that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.
我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
I believe what he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。

5．whether与if的用法

(1)用whether或if均可的情况
①引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用。
②it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
(2)用whether而不用if的情况
①引导主语从句置于句首时；
②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；
③引导介词的宾语从句时；
④引导词与or not连用时；
⑤引导词后接to do时；
⑥有些动词如discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。

6．what，who，which与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的区别

(1)what引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思。who意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which意思是“哪一个”，带有疑问意味。
Do you know who broke the window?
你知道是谁打坏的窗子吗？
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything that，anyone who等。
She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life.＝She is very dear to me.We have been prepared to do anything that it takes to save her life.
她是我的至亲，我们已经准备好了不惜一切代价救她的命。

7．that不可省略的情况

(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省略。
She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream come true，and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations.
她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。

8．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用

常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。
At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the universe.起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。

9．why与because 引导表语从句的区别

why与because 引导表语从句时，前者强调结果，后者强调原因。
I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school.我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend school.That was because I had a cold.我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
注意：(1)句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
(2)由why引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible.
我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。

10．as if/though引导的表语从句

as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger.
她待他如陌生人。

11．同位语从句和定语从句的区别

同位语从句是用于解释说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，而定语从句是对作先行词的名词的限制、描绘或说明。that在同位语从句中只是连接主从句，没有任何意义，不在从句中充当句子成分；that在定语从句中是关系代词，不但连接主从句，而且指代被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)，在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
I had no idea that Brisbane has so many people! (that引导同位语从句，不能省略)
The idea (that) he put forward at the meeting is very reasonable.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)
近五年名词性从句高考真题汇编
1.（2021 新高考I卷）________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2.（2023 新高考II卷）This is ________ they need an English trainer.
3.（2024 新课标I卷）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.（2024 浙江1月首考卷）If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote.
5.（2022 浙江1月首考卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
6.（2020 江苏卷）It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
7.（2020 浙江卷）Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
8.（2019 新课标I卷）While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
9.（2019 江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
10.（2020 北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them ________ you can join in when it's possible.
11.（2025 北京卷）The truth, though, is ________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
12.（2021 北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived.

答案+解析板块（做完再看）

1.（2021 新高考I卷）
答案：What
解析：主语从句。从句缺少主语，指代事物“……的东西”，what在主语从句中充当主语，引导整个主语从句在主句中作主语。
2.（2023 新高考II卷）
答案：why
解析：表语从句。This is why… 固定结构，意为“这就是……的原因”，why在从句中作原因状语。
3.（2024 新课标I卷）
答案：what
解析：宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。从句缺少主语，指代“……的地方”，what引导介词后的宾语从句并充当从句主语。
4.（2024 浙江1月首考卷）
答案：what
解析：表语从句。is后面为表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代“……的东西”，what在从句作promote的宾语。
5.（2022 浙江1月首考卷）
答案：whether/if
解析：宾语从句。动词ask后接宾语从句，句意缺少“是否”含义，从句结构完整，用whether或if。
6.（2020 江苏卷）
答案：whether
解析：主语从句。it是形式主语，真正主语是后面从句；表达“是否”，引导主语从句只能用whether，不能用if。
7.（2020 浙江卷）
答案：what
解析：宾语从句，介词on后的宾语从句。从句缺少主语，指“……的事物”，what充当从句主语。
8.（2019 新课标I卷）
答案：that
解析：同位语从句，解释抽象名词evidence（证据）的具体内容。that不作句子成分、无词义，只起连接作用，不可省略。
9.（2019 江苏卷）
答案：that
解析：同位语从句，解释evidence的内容。that仅起连接作用，从句语义、成分完整。
10.（2020 北京卷）
答案：if/whether
解析：宾语从句。动词ask后接宾语从句，表达“是否”，从句成分完整，if、whether二者均可。
11.（2025 北京卷）
答案：what
解析：表语从句。is后是表语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事情”，what在从句内部作主语。
12.（2021 北京卷）
答案：where
解析：宾语从句，介词about后的宾语从句。从句结构完整，缺少地点状语，表“……的地方”，用where。

高考阅读真题名词性从句原句（英文｜中文翻译）

1.（2021新高考I卷阅读）What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
这次经历令人惊叹之处就是那些超凡脱俗的景色。
2.（2020浙江卷阅读）Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
数千年来，他们开始减少对野外狩猎和采集所得物资的依赖，更多依靠自己饲养的牲畜和种植的庄稼。
3.（2019全国I卷阅读）There is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
有证据表明，它们的活动范围横贯北极，向南可抵达加拿大詹姆斯湾。
4.（2024新课标I卷阅读）On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming.
1870年9月中旬一个凉爽繁星满天的夜晚，四个人在火洞河边的营火旁休息，此地就是如今怀俄明州西北部。
5.（2023新高考II卷阅读）This is why they need an English trainer.
这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。
以上就是高考英语名词性从句近五年全套真题+详细解析！
纵观五年高考命题趋势，名词性从句考察题型固定、考点集中，核心围绕连接词辨析、从句成分分析、长难句拆解三大方向出题，没有偏题怪题，完全可以通过真题精练实现满分拿捏。
语法提分从不是死记硬背，而是吃透真题、总结规律、错题复盘。建议大家收藏本篇，限时刷题、逐题弄懂解析，整理个人错题本，彻底攻克名词性从句难点。同时熟练掌握高频从句句型，直接迁移运用到英语写作中，轻松升级句式、提升作文档次。
后续持续更新高考英语各大语法专项真题汇编，专注一轮高效提分，跟着真题学语法，稳稳拿下高考英语语法满分！

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