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绝密★启用前
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项众
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束,•将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer, you'll find the time； and that
if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer.
For him, writing is a ] job—a job like any other. He has 2 it with
plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work
with pipes today.
3 , like most writers these days, you9re holding down a job to pay the
bills, it's not 4 to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires
determination and single-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began
writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even
writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to 7 their writing
income.
As Harlan Coben has suggested, ifs a 8 of priorities. To make writing
a priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some
things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might
mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some
people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the
amount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an 13
activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There'll probably have to be
less socialising with your friends and less time with your family. It's a 15
learning curve, and it won't always make you popular.
There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16
your writing—and that's reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely
as they can； ifs the one 17 supporter—something you can't do without.
Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to
use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising our activities
so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer,
that means— 20 —writing.
英语（二）试题.1.（共15页）c.
1. A. difficult B. normal steady D. pleasant
c.
2. A. combined B. compared confused D. confronted
c.
3. A. If B. Though Once D. Unless
c.
4. A. enough B. strange wrong D. easy
c.
5. A. Accept B. Explain Remember D. Suppose
c.
6. A. well-known B. well-advised well-informed D. well-chosen
c.
7. A. donate B. generate supplement D. calculate
c.
8. A. cause B. purpose question D. condition
c.
9. A. highlight B. sacrifice continue D. explore
c.
10. A. relations B. interests memories D. skills
c.
11. A. until B. because while D. before
c.
12. A. put up with B. make up for hang on to D. cut down on
c.
13. A. intelligent B. occasional intensive D. emotional
c.
14. A. habit B. test decision D. plan
c.
15. A. tough B. gentle rapid D. funny
c.
16. A. in place of B. in charge of in response to D. in addition to
c.
17. A. indispensable B. innovative invisible D. instant
c.
18. A. duller B. harder quieter D. quicker
c.
19. A. peacefully B. generously productively D. gratefully
c.
20. A. at most B. in turn on average D. above all
•蹬 f
Section H Reading Comprehension
整p 芸
:i d •.
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共15页）Text 1
On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40
windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others
drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it's by design, part of
what the $ 6. 1 billion U. S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate
friendly eggs.
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as
$ 8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from
birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture—special techniques to
cultivate rich soils that can trap green-house gases. Such eggs could be marketed
as helping to fight climate change.
"I'm excited about our progress,n says Brown, who is adding more cover
crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then
fertilizes fields. Such improvements allow our hens to forage for higher-quality
natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply
to our customers."
The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products
from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more
than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in
natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar
doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major
supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open
the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to
define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics
at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such fanning also brings minimal,
if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs
have more protein).
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium
attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace
sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about
climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to
shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults
"really care about the planet," says John Brunnquell, president of Egg
Innovations. "They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think
even they understand what they're doing. ”
英语（二）试题.3.（共15页）21. The climate-friendly eggs are produced.
A. at a considerably low cost
B. at the demand of regular shoppers
C. as a replacement for organic eggs
D. on specially designed farms
22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in.
A. reducing the damage of worms
B. accelerating the disposal of waste
C. creating a sustainable system
D. attracting customers to his products
23. The example of organic eggs is used in Paragraph 4 to suggest.
A. the doubts over natural foods
B. the setbacks in the egg industry
C. the potential of regenerative products
D. the promotional success of supermarkets
24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people.
A. are reluctant to change their diet
B. are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs
C. are curious about new foods
D. are amazed at agricultural advances
sX：； /
25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative
products* .
A. market prospects
B. standard definition
C. nutritional value
D. moral implications
英语（二）试题.4.（共15页）Text 2
More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend
that threatens to upend the old workforce model.
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in
retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris
Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of
"unretirees"—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after
retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough
money to settle down, the survey showed.
Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the u unretirementM trend. Other
reasons, according to the 如dy, include personal fulfillment such as staying
mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.
“The concept of retirement is evolving,n said Christine Russell, senior
manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value
of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."
One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living
longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U. S.
workforce. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has
doubled over the past three decides. About 20% of people 65 and older were in
the workforce in February 2019, up from an all-time low of 10% in January
1985, according to money manager United Income.
Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to
preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000
adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees” are increasing their savings in
anticipation of a longer life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this,
the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance
or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are
preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later
years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm
Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial advisor
to set long-term financial goals.
英语（二）试题.5.（共15页）"The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family
and ultimately retiring,M Weiss said. "It's not just a financial decision, but an
emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire."
26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that.
A. over half of the retirees are physically fit for work
B. the old workforce is as active as the younger one
C. one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement
D. more Americans are willing to work in retirement
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that.
A. retirement may cause problems for them
B. boredom can be relieved after retirement
C. the mental health of retirees is overlooked
D. u unretirementM contributes to the economy
28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to.
A. labor shortages
B. population growth
C. longer life expectancy
D. rising living costs
29. Many “unretirees" are increasing their savings by.
A. investing more in stocks
B. taking up odd jobs
C. getting well-paid work
<■ r
D. spending less
30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are.
A. unprepared
B. unafraid
C. disappointed
D. enthusiastic
英语（二）试题.6.（共15页）Text 3
We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives.
Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or
subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel.
Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated,
intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are
examples of dark patterns.
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark
pattems,^ is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to
influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of
common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach
motel," where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns
difficult when the user tries to get out.
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers
found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely
prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and
nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas
they engender.
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns?
Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal
teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/
user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface,
as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout
baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in
creating or avoiding u digital deception."
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity
around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California
Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that " ensure that consumers will not
be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. " The
regulations aim to ban dark patterns—this means prohibiting companies from
using w confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click
through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out."
As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need
for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also
can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold
themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best
practices and standards.
英语（二）试题.7.（共15页）31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns.
A. improve user experiences
B. leak user information for profit
C. undermine users' decision-making
D. remind users of hidden costs
32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show.
A. their major flaws
B. their complex designs
C. their severe damage
D. their strong presence
33. To handle digital deception, businesses should.
A. listen to customer feedback
B. talk with relevant teams
C. turn to independent agencies
D. rely on professional training
34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to.
A. guide users through opt-out processes
B. protect consumers from being tricked
C. grant companies data privacy rights
D. restrict access to problematic content
35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns
is.
A. new legal requirements
B. businesses5 self-discipline
C. strict regulatory standards
D. consumers5 safety awareness
英语（二）试题.8.（共15页）Text 4
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure
if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak,
relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a
new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation,
a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They
chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric
Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students'
attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable,
and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces
environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large
philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally
watched an 11 -minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The
other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students,
the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester—
nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had
previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a
range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library
books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases
containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent—and this effect held steady for
the study*s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at
52 percent.
“That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,n
Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of
Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be
real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she
notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—
classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their
own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the
video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational
argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the
researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants,
eating habits and students* video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel—who had
predicted no effect—will be eating his words.
英语（二）试题.9.（共15页）36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are.
A. hard to determine
B. narrowly interpreted
C. difficult to ignore
D. poorly summarized
37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat-eating?
A. It is common among students.
B. It is a behavior easy to measure.
C. It is important to students, health.
D. It is a hot topic in ethics classes.
38. Eric SchwitzgebeFs previous findings suggest that ethics professors.
A. are seldom critical of their students
B. are less sociable than other professors
C. are not sensitive to political issues
D. are not necessarily ethically better
39. Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is.
A. permanent
B. predictable
C. uncertain
m
D. unrepeatable :
40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students* change in behavior.
A. can bring psychological benefits
B. can be analyzed statistically
C. is a result of multiple factors
D. is a sign of self-development
英语（二）试题.10.（共15页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).
There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Make it a habit ；
B. Don't go it alone
C. Start low, go slow
D. Talk with your doctor
E. Listen to your body
F. Go through the motions
G. Round out your routine
How to Get Active Again
Getting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of
times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people
these days, it can be tricky to know where tojstart. And it is important to get the
right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,
says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at
Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you
return to exercise safely after a break.
41._____________________
Don't try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were
walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-
pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every
英语（二）试题.11.（共15页）other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or
use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and
intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do overnight,M says Keri L.
Denay, MD, lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine
advisory that encourages Americans to not overlook the benefits of activity during
the pandemic. But you'll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep
right away.
42. _____________________
If you're breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you
feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go
easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or
pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical
attention immediately.
43. _____________________
Consistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and
stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz,
DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we
spoke with highly recommend walking because ifs the easiest, most accessible
form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get
back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a
great first step.
44. • > W .
Even if you can't yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves.
With or without a club or racket, swing like you're hitting the ball. Paddle like
you're in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action
will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for
when you can get out there again.
英语（二）试题.12.（共15页）45._____________________
Exercising with others " can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so
you're more likely to do it again,M Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as
golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when
you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a
friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as
you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-
demand exercise class.
Section DI Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as
originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting
materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out
trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.
Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can
actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty
quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes,
another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative
solutions to the problems the painting presents, and thinking outside the box will
become your second nature.
In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with
which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.
英语（二）试题.13.（共15页）Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to the
international students in your university to
1) introduce the food festival, and
2) invite them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
90
80
70
60
50
4O
3O
2O,
1OO
2018 年 2019 年 202许
2018—2020年我国快递业务量变动情况（单位：十亿件）
英语（二）试题.14.（共15页）2022年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 BBADC 6~10 ACCBB 11 ~15 CDBAA
16~20 DADCD 21 ~25 DCCBA 26~30 DACDA
31 ~35 CDBBB 36~40 ABDCC 41 ~45 CEAFB
Section in Translation
尽管我们尽了自己最大的努力，但有时我们的绘画很少能达到预期的效果。光线的变
化、绘画材料的局限以及经验和技能的缺乏，都意味着你最初想要呈觌的效果也许并不会如
你所愿那样生动逼真。
虽然这可能令人沮丧和失望，但事实证明，这实际上可能对你有好处。意想不到的结果
有两个好处:你很快就能学会处理失望情绪，并意识到当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门就会打开。
你也能很快学会适应并想出创造性的办法来解决绘画中出现的问题，而且跳出固有思维模式
将成为你的第二天性。
实际上，创造性地解决问题的技能在日常生活中十分有用，掌握这种技能,你就更有可能
在问题出现时找到解决办法。
英语（二）试题.15.（共15页）
