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绝密★启用前
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
☆考生注意事项女
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in
areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically
] outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by
governments or 2
This word " Caravanserais" is a 3 of the Persian word " karvan",
which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and " seray" , a palace or
enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who
travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5
merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes became
more developed, the 6 of the caravanserais increased and they served as a
safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road 7
possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather
conditions. For this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they
could be reached in a day's travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who
travelled the Silk Road. 11 , these structures became important centers for
cultural 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and
beliefs, 13 taking knowledge with them, greatly 14 the development of
several civilisations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and
15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the
first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their
own journeys. It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were
built along the Silk Road, 19 only about 3 ,000 are known to remain today,
many of which are in 20 .
英语（一）试题.1.（共15页）1. A. displayed B. occupied C. located D. equipped
2. A. privately B. regularly C. respectively D. permanently
3. A. definition B. transition C. substitution D. combination
4. A. classify B. record C. describe D. connect
5. A. apart from B. instead of C.such as D. along with
6. A. construction B. restoration C. impression D. evaluation
7. A. doubted B. faced C. accepted D. reduced
8. A. assigned B. subjected C. accustomed D. opposed
9. A. so that B. even if C. now that D. in case
10. A. talking B. starting C. breaking D. meeting
11. A. By the way B. On occasion C. In comparison D. As a result
12. A. heritage B. revival C.exchange D. status
13. A. with regard to B. in spite of C. as well as D. in line with
14. A. completing B. influencing C. resuming D. pioneering
15. A. aided B. invested C. failed D. competed
16. A. Rather B.Indeed C. Otherwise D. However
17. A. go in for B. stand up for C. close in on D. stock up on
18. A. believed B. predicted C. recalled D. implied
19. A. until B. because C. unless D. although
20. A. ruins B. debt C. fashion D. series
Section U Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（一）试题.2.（共15页）Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but
the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin
this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.
Pat Hardy, who sympathises with the views of the energy sector, is
resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would
emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage
discussion of mitigation measures.
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views. "They casually
dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided
opinion. " says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas
Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. "What
millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by
the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound
scholarship."
Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,
as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a
greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non
profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across
the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US
states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the
most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F)
and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold
elsewhere.
Glenn Branch, the centre's deputy director, cautions that setting state-level
science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises
decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer
in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taughtn , he says.
Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some
subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it
is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that
are more widely taught. such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent
in many social studies courses.
Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and
textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational
materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to
teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy
industry associations.
英语（一）试题.3.（共15页）21. In Paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to.
A. forecast a policy shift in Texas schools
tc
B. stress the consequences of climate change
C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
D. draw the public's attention to energy shortages
22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?
A. She exaggerates the existing panic.
B. She denies the value of scientific work.
C. She shows no concern for pre-teens.
D. She expresses self-contradictory views.
23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that.
A. climate education is insufficient at state public schools
B. policymakers have little drive for science education
C. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks
D. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision
24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US.
A. call for regular revision
B. require urgent application
C. have limited influence
D. cater to local needs
25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some
schools.
A. agrees to major public demands
B. reflects teachers' personal biases
C. may misrepresent the energy sector
D. can be swayed by external forces
英语（一）试题.4.（共15页）Text 2
Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate
short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with
record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there*s an increased
urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers
will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term
rental market.
In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below
1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further
pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted
against a bill that would've made it illegal for towns to create legislation
restricting short-term rentals.
"We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,M said Nick
Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater
Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire
towns, u employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers
are having a hard time finding a place to live," Taylor said.
However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out
Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realtor. " A lot of workers are
servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those
people coming in short term,M Castle said, "and so it's a cyclical effect."
Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren
Hom, an expert on affordable housing policy. "I think individuals being able to
rent out their second home is a good thing. If it's their vacation home anyway,
and it's just empty, why can't you make money off it?" Hom said. Issues
arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental
facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. " I think the
question is, shouldn't a developer who's really building a hotel, but disguising
it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?" Hom said.
At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill
to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to
register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential
for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further,
requiring renters to register with the city's Inspectional Services Department.
Hom said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities
and towns, but "if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main
one is we have to build a lot more. ”
英语（一）试题.5.（共15页）26. Which of the following is true of New England?
A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.
B. Its communities are in need of funding.
C. Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.
D. Its home prices are under strict control.
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to
A. curb short-term rental speculation
B. ensure the supply of cheap housing
C. punish illegal dealings in housing
D. allow a free short-term rental market
28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support
A. further investment in local tourism
B. an increase in affordable housing
C. strict management of real estate agents
D. a favorable policy for short-term workers
29. What does Hom emphasize in Paragraph 5?
A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
B. The efficient operation of the local housing market.
C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.
D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
30. Hom holds that imposing registration requirements is
A. an irrational decision
B. an unfeasible proposal
C. an unnecessary measure
D. an inadequate solution
英语（一）试题.6.（共15页）Text 3
If you're heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book
retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex's new children's book
The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit ； the same may
be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James
Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random
House (PRH) , a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.
The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had
introduced a credit limit with Waterstones "at a very significant levelM. The
trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were
being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display
spaces and windows, and were " quietly retiring them to their relevant
sections v.
PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones
told me： u Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from
PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to
trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure
that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of
stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return
and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are
exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any
month since 2018."
In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH
authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on
Waterstones staffs passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who
will be praying for an end to the dispute.
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences
of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon &
Schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to
lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of
what is published.
"This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and
cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better
terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,M says
Lownie. u The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and
staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,
choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in
recent years have come from small publishers."
We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among
publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
英语（一）试题.7.（共15页）31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present.
A. an ongoing conflict
B. an intellectual concept
C. a prevailing sentiment
D. a literary phenomenon
32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
A. To make them easily noticeable.
B. To comply with PRH's requirement.
C. To respond to PRH's business move.
D. To arrange them in a systematic way.
33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?
A. Their customers remain loyal.
B. The credit limit will be removed.
C. Thei . r stock i . s underesti . m J a ted. t
D. The book market is rather slack.
34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?
A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B. Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors' books.
D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?
r A. Small publishers ought to stick together.
B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.
C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.
D. The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
英语（一）试题.8.（共15页）Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year
researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30, 000 journals. The
scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,
including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title's impact
factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of
scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and
prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted
by these papers.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to
inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers
developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including
groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals
that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their
publications. Recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has
emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other
editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise
contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.
The advent of electronic publishing and authors * need to find outlets for
their papers resulted in thousands of new journals. The birth of predatory
journals wasn't far behind. These journals can act as milk cows where every
single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some
instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article
and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is
supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to
other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than
150 citations in the same year that it was published.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an
individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least
15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three
universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which
includes a high number of the new MinternationalM journals. In fact, a listing in
Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation
manipulation.
Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags
include a large number of citations to an article within the first year. And for
authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an editor, a
reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not
oblige and do report the request to the journal.
英语（一）试题.9.（共15页）36. According to Paragraph 1 , the careers of scientists can be determined
by.
A. how many citations their works contain
B. how many times their papers are cited
C. the prestige of the people they work with
D. the status they have in scientific circles
37. The support service consultancies tend to.
A. recommend journals to their clients
B. list citation patterns their clients
C. ask authors to include extra citations
D. advise contributors to cite each other
38. The function of the “milk cow" journals is to.
A. boost citation counts for certain authors
B. help scholars publish articles at low cost
C. instruct first-time contributors in citation
D. increase the readership of new journals
39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
A. It fosters competition among citation providers.
B. It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.
C. It hinders the growth of internationalM journals.
•-
D. It is established to prevent citation manipulation.
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
A. Take legal action.
B. Demand an apology.
C. Seek professional advice.
D. Reveal their misconduct.
英语（一）试题・10・（共15页）Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41 — 45,
you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing
from the list A—H and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A, E
and H have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
A. Last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone
photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry
Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the
Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies. Jackson snapped them on a
late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was
conducted by the head of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of
the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a
zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural statistician.
B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it,
was a novel one to many U. S. settlers. One of the turning points in public
support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of
the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.
C. As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize
on the expedition's stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large
copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran's paintings,
to each member of Congress. " The visualization, particularly those
photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,"
says Murphy.
D. Throughout the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using
the u collodion processM that required him to coat the plates with a chemical
mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable
darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure
times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist
in its transportation. Despite these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of
striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot
英语（一）试题.11 .（共15页）of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.
While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail
sights, these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.
E. The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah on June 8, 1871. Over nearly
four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and
traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake. That
fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.
F. Though Native Americans ( and later miners and fur trappers) had long
recognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. That's why Hayden's
expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River
region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In
addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter
Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with
capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
G. The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large
majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed
legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March, President
Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the
world's first national park. Soon, some locals opposed the designation. Still,
the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson's photos played a key role in
the fight to protect the area. "I don't believe that the legal protection would
have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images,M says
Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and
Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100 Years of the National Park Service.
H. Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that
later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the
expedition, Hayden collected his team's observations into an extensive report
aimed at convincing Senators and Representatives, along with colleagues at
government agencies like the Department of the Interior that Yellowstone
ought to be preserved.
英语（一）试题• 12.（共15页）Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
There has been some exploration around the use of Al in digital marketing.
For example, Al can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy
would be appropriate to ' speak* to a specific target customer group by revealing
information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46) Al
can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their
hobbies, favourite celebrities, music choices, and fashions to provide unique
content in marketing messages put out through social media. At the same time Al
can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. Al can
also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally
with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.
The main disadvantage of using Al to respond to customers is that there are
concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines, which could lead not
only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections, but also to a decrease
in marketing personnel. (47) Some believe that Al is negatively impacting nn
the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware
that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing Al
to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control
over the brand narrative. (48) Algorithms that are used to simulate human
interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no・one is quite
sure what the outcomes of using Al to interact with customers will be.
For Al to be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal
data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming
more difficult. (49) If customers are not willing to share data, Al will be starved
of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ
machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
Therefore, unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements, the use of
Al may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not only can Al help to create
the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering
the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer
英语（一）试题・13・（共15页）can be engaged, such as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites
visited, to display marketing messages in appropriate forms, including emails,
social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an appropriate
frequency. (50) The rum-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way
that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges
to the digital marketer.
Section ID Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith's research project on
campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in the notice. Use "Li Ming" instead. ( 10
points)
Part B
52. Directions:
)
Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the picture below. In your
essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
英语（一）试题・14.（共15页）2023年考研英语（一）真题答案速查表
1 ~5 CADCC 6 ~ 10 ABBAD 11-15 DCCBA 16-20 BDADA 21-25 CBACD
26 - 30 ADBCD 31-35 ACAAD 36-40 BCABD 41 ~45 BFDCG
46. 就客户的爱好、最喜欢的名人、音乐选择和服装款式而言，人工智能还可以用来识别
客户生活方式的选择，从而在社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供有针对性的内容。
47. 有些人认为，人工智能通过降低创造性和减少工作岗位正在对营销人员的角色产生
负面影响，但他们也意识到这是一种降低成本和创建新信息的方式。
48. 用于模拟人类互动行为的算法正在引发许多这样的担忧，在无人十分确定运用人工
智能和客户互动将会产生何种结果的情况下更是如此。
49. 倘若客户不愿共享数据，人工智能就会缺乏必要的信息，从而无法有效运转，亦无法
利用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播效果。
50. 以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入性传递营销信息，这对数字营销人员而言
是重大挑战之一。
英语（一）试题.15.（共15页）
