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绝密★启用前
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（-）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项众
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷
条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由
考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂
写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy,
the symbol of American military adventurism, but that's not how it used to be.
To the men and women who ] in World War II and the people they liberated,
the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid tom away from
his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold
foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and
drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone
well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped,
fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name isn't much. G. L is just a military abbreviation 7 Government
Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common
name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe
Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or
vice-president or secretary of state Joe.
G. I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean
troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the
1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent
Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.
Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the
dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns
were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “ Willie" cartoons of famed
Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of
war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the
civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and
a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most
important person in their lives.
英语（二）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. served B. performed C. rebelled D. betrayed
2. A. actual B. common C. special D. normal
3. A. loaded B. eased C. removed D. bore
4. A. necessities B. facilities C. commodities D. properties
5. A. and B. nor C. but D. hence
6. A. for B. into C. from D. against
7. A. implying B. meaning C. symbolizing D. claiming
8. A. handed out B. turned over C. brought back D. passed down
9. A. pushed B.got C. made D. managed
10. A. ever B. never C. either D. neither
11. A. disguised B. disturbed C. disputed D. distinguished
12. A. company B. community C. collection D. colony
13. A. employed B. appointed C. interviewed D. questioned
14. A. human B. military C. political D. ethical
15. A. ruined B. commuted C. patrolled D. gained
16. A. paralleled B. counteracted C. duplicated D. contradicted
17. A. neglected B. emphasized C. avoided D. admired
18. A. stages B. illusions C. fragments D. advances
19. A. With B.To C. Among D. Beyond
20. A. on the contrary B. by this means C. from the outset D. at that point
Section n Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many
parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts
across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking
on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L. A. Unified has produced an inflexible
policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,
homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student's academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or
chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is
unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that
students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive
equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not
do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close
to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling ；
teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework
counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their
homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do
well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students
who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the
homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for
their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions
about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students'
academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,
not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it
should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does
nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate
to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are
willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is
responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts
public hearings. It is not too late for L. A. Unified to do homework right.
英语（二）试题.3.（共14页）21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework.
A. is receiving more criticism
B. is gaining more preferences
C. is no longer an educational ritual
D. is not required for advanced courses
22. L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor
students.
A. tend to have moderate expectations for their education
B. have asked for a different educational standard
C. may have problems finishing their homework
D. have voiced their complaints about homework
23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may.
A. result in students5 indifference to their report cards
B. undermine the authority of state tests
C. restrict teachers5 power in education
D. discourage students from doing homework
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is
whether.
A. it should be eliminated
B. it counts much in schooling
C. it places extra burdens on teachers
D. it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be.
A. A Faulty Approach to Homework
B. A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
C. Thomy Questions about Homework
D. Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
英语（二）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
Pretty in pink： adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the
colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically
bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in
one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it
presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only
innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular
lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their
DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is
not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era
before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since
the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and
girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were
introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version
of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin
Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the
mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant
children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to
seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least
for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of
what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological
development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts
developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,
according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was
popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase
sales, they should create a uthird stepping stone” between infant wear and older
kids' clothes. It was only after “toddler" became a common shoppers9 term that
it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,
into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of
the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent
them where they did not previously exist.
英语（二）试题.5.（共14页）26. By saying “it is ... the rainbown ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) , the author means
pink.
A. cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
B. should not be associated with girls' innocence
C. should not be the sole representation of girlhood
D. cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?
A. Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
B. Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
C. White is preferred by babies.
D. Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development
was much influenced by.
A. the observation of children's nature
B. the marketing of products for children
C. researches into children's behaviour
D. studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to .
A. classify consumers into smaller groups
B. attach equal importance to different genders
C. focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
D. create some common shoppers5 terms
30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be.
A. fully understood by clothing manufacturers
B. clearly explained by their inborn tendency
C. mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
D. well interpreted by psychological experts
英语（二）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of
human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were
unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry
Organisation (BIO) , a trade group, assured members that this was just a
u preliminary step” in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals
court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold
patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief
executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms
and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts
will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make
three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it
may not be patented ； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it ； and
patents9 monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing
number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents
related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the
Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of
nature...than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For
example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the
patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.
As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater
impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA
molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now
studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to
determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy. Companies are eager
to win patents for " connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for
the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by
the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO
recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the
shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
英语（二）试题.7.（共14页）31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like.
A. genes to be patentable
B. the BIO to issue a warning
C. their executives to be active
D. judges to rule out gene patenting
32. Those who are against gene patents believe that.
A. genetic tests are not reliable
B. only man-made products are patentable
C. patents on genes depend much on innovation
D. courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for.
A. discovering gene interactions
B. establishing disease correlations
C. drawing pictures of genes
D. identifying human DNA
34. By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Line 4, Para. 6) , the author means
that.
A. the supreme court was authoritative
B. the BIO was a powerful organisation
C. gene patenting was a great concern
D. lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is.
A. critical
B. supportive
C. scornful
D. objective
英语（二）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably
beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a
generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,
our culture, and the character of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national
economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had
improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more
financially prudent ； they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited
respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it
has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,
and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In
The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin
Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of
economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited
and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and
freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between
races and classes.
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in
this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,
and decrease opportunities to cross them一especially for young people. The
research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests
that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed:
those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they
otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times ； it is the masses
beneath them that are left behind.
In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has
always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is
discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character. In
many respects, the U. S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at
any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then
have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard
times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the
more so the longer they extend.
英语（二）试题.9.（共14页）36. By saying “to find silver linings” (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the
jobless try to.
A. seek subsidies from the government
B. make profits from the troubled economy
C. explore reasons for the unemployment
D. look on the bright side of the recession
37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people.
A. struggle against each other
B. realize the national dream
C. challenge their prudence
D. reconsider their lifestyle
38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may.
A. impose a heavier burden on immigrants
B. bring out more evils of human nature
C. promote the advance of rights and freedoms
D. ease conflicts between races and classes
39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from
elite universities tend to.
A. lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
B. catch up quickly with experienced employees
C. see their life chances as dimmed as the others'
D. recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is.
A. trivial
B. positive
C. certain
D. destructive
英语（二）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the
left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right
column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world,
is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the
Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form.
This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader
truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our
forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy,
not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant
recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on
his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the
virtus ( or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in
conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition
which Niccold Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed
cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the
skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated
the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the
artist5s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian
author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of
engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of
the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working, and steadfast integrity,
issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit,n wrote
Smiles, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. " His biographies
of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as
beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his
biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and
英语(二)试题.11.(共14页)Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but
to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. " The history of all hitherto
existing society is the history of class struggles, ” wrote Marx and Engels in The
Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense
wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that. ” And
history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it
needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power
relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they
do not make it just as they please ； they do not make it under circumstances
chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and
transmitted from the past. ”
This was the tradition which revolutionised our appreciation of the past. In
place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and
Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.
Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—
were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it
transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
A. emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. Petrarch B. highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
C. focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to
42. Niccold Machiavelli
imitate.
D. opened up new realms of understanding the great
43. Samuel Smiles
men in history.
E. held that history should be the story of the masses
44. Thomas Carlyle
and their record of struggle.
F. dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful
45. Marx and Engels
leaders.
G. depicted the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists
and explorers.
英语（二）试题.12.（共14页）Section HI Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on
ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually
concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or
to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers
that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration
rules that privilege college graduates.
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries
are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004
found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education,
compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This ubrain drain”
has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their
economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have
taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new
products for their factories to make.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that
you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer
service center to
1) make a complaint, and
2) demand a prompt solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use uZhang Wei" instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
英语（二）试题.13.（共14页）Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should
1) describe the table, and
2) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
满意度
满意 不清楚 不满意
年龄组
W40岁 16.7% 50.0% 33.3%
41〜50岁 0.0% 36.0% 64.0%
>50岁 40.0% 50.0% 10.0%
2012年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1〜5 ABDAC 6〜10 DBACB 11 ~15 DCCAD
16 〜20 ABCBD 21 ~25 ACDBA 26 〜30 CBBAC
31 〜35 ABACD 36 〜40 DDBDC 41 〜45 AFGCE
Section HI Translation
当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时，他们通常担心的是本国最优秀、最聪明的那类人
可能会前往硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学这些地方工作。而这类工作者正是诸如英国、加拿
大和澳大利亚这样的国家通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民政策来设法吸引的人才。
大量研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人更可能移民。在2004年，对印度家庭开展
的一项大规模调查表明，将近40%移居国外的人接受过高中以上教育，相比之下，全印度
25岁以上的人中接受过高中以上教育的大约占3.3%。这种“人才流失”现象长期以来困扰
着贫困国家的决策者。他们担心这种情况会损害本国经济发展，使他们失去急需的技术人
才，而这些人才本可以在国内的大学任教、在国内的医院工作或设计新奇产品供本国工厂
生产。
英语（二）试题.14.（共14页）故事情节纯属虚构，仅为逗您一乐，不要“入戏”哦！
真
叫井 相
只
有
一
个
！
清晨8点，
为何飘出阵阵奇香？
下午3点，
为何有滚轮的声音？
深夜11点，
图书馆竟出现围观现象！
这背后究竟是“人性的扭曲” ？
还是“道德的沦丧”？ >
考研直播哥
每天自习室直播
学习15小时,万
千粉丝追捧，自
习室红人一枚。
嘘~ “闪过”也找到了快记单词的真相一划重点！ |
收词全,还划重点
背单词就是快!
