文档内容
关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
专 题 三
中考题型 语法知语法知识识
第 15 讲 任务型阅读题型
要点归纳思维导图
解题口诀及母题典例
任务型阅读题型高频考点实用解题口诀
考向1：阅读填表
高频考点1：横纵表头
解题口诀：横纵表头
表格式阅读横向表头是中心，主旨看首尾；纵向表头是结构，重点需提炼。
口诀识别
表格式任务型阅读中，在表头位置填空时，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例：
1关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Hello, everyone. I'm Jill Green. I'm a middle school student. It's nice to meet you here. First, let me tell you
something about my family. There are five people in my family.They are my mother, my father, my sister, my
brother and me.
My father is a driver. My mother is a teacher of English at my school. My sister is sixteen and my brother is
sixteen, too. They are twins. I am twelve. We all enjoy watching football games.
My home is on West Street. There is a big tree and a lot of small trees around my house. The big one is a pear
tree and the small ones are apple trees. But there aren't any pears or apples on therm. There is a photo of my house.
In the photo, you can see a cat in my house. It's black and white. We like it very much.
Jill's
There are... people in her family.They are her parents, her brother, her sister and...
Her father is a driver.
...
People Her mother is... English teacher at her school.
Her brother and sister are the same(相同的)..
Children
They all... watching football games.
口诀解题答案解析
根据原文首段中的“let me tell you something about my family”可知，表头应该填family。
解题坑点
常见的概括类表头词
原因：reason/cause;方法：way /means/method;观点：opinion /view
介绍：introduction;举例：example;种类/类型：types /kinds /sorts
优缺点：advantages /disadvantages;建议/提示：advice / suggestion /tip
目的：purpose/aim/goal;影响/结果：effect/ result
问题/解决方法：problem /solution;措施/行动：measure / action
个人信息：age/name/hobbies/personality;总结：conclusion /summary
特性/特点：characteristics /features;相似/不同：similarity /difference
主题/话题：theme/topic/subject;重要性/意义：importance /meaning
母题 1
（2023·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容完成短文后的图表。
2关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
You may always pay attention to hunger(饥饿). Hunger has many different causes, according to Dr. Monique
Tello, from Harvard Medical School.
The first cause may be a medical problem. “If a person always feels hungry and can’t put on weight or even
loses weight, he should go to the hospital. For people with Type I diabetes(糖尿病), their body isn’t able to process
sugar. They eat a lot, but still lose weight and they feel terrible.” Tello said.
If it isn’t a medical cause, the problems could be in the head. It’s reasonable to be hungry every three to five
hours. However, it’s possible for you to eat often and a lot after watching food advertisements on TV or social
media(媒体). Also, the more you eat, the larger your stomach gets, and the more you want to eat. A person’s
state(状态) of mind can play a role. too. Research has shown that stress can increase levels of hunger hormones(激
素) Pressure and worry drive people to look for food in the fridge when they’re no truly hungry.
Another reason may be the lifestyle. Sometimes the reason why a person is always hungry is that he eats too
little, exercises too much, or both.
So, how to solve the problem? There are three ways to solve it. First, reduce(减少) your time on watching
food advertisements on TV and social media. In addition, say no to food if you’re not really hungry. Finally, change
your diet by eating more food high in fiber(纤维), protein(蛋白质) and healthy fats.
Topic: Paying attention to 1
Fact Some people always feel hungry.
A medical problem *Eating a lot, but still 2 weight.
*Watching food advertisements on TV or social media.
Causes The problems in the 3 *Eating so much food that your stomach gets larger.
*Increasing levels of hunger hormones because of stress.
The lifestyle *Eating too little, exercising too much, or both.
*Spending 5 time on watching food advertisements.
4 *Saying no to food when you’re not hungry.
*Changing your diet.
【答案】1．hunger 2．losing 3．head 4．Ways 5．less
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饥饿的原因及解决的方法。
1．根据“You may always pay attention to hunger(饥饿).”可知，你可以注意饥饿。故填hunger。
2．根据“If a person always feels hungry and can’t put on weight or even loses weight”可知，如果一个人总是
3关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
感到饥饿，不能增加体重，甚至减肥。此处与Eating并列，故填losing。
3．根据“If it isn’t a medical cause, the problems could be in the head.”可知，如果不是医学原因，问题可能出
在头部。故填head。
4．根据“So, how to solve the problem? There are three ways to solve it.”可知，介绍解决问题的方法，故填
Ways。
5．根据“reduce(减少) your time on watching food advertisements on TV and social media”可知，减少在电视
和社交媒体上看食品广告的时间，即花费更少的时间，故填less。
高频考点2：画定抄
解题口诀:画定抄
画：画空前空后关键词；
定：定位原文；
抄：对比信息、抄写答案。
口诀识别
在表格式任务型阅读中，非纵横表头位置出现填空题，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
Hello, everyone. I'm Jill Green. I'm a middle school student. It's nice to meet you here.First, let me tell you
something about my family. There are five people in my family.They are my mother, my father, my sister, my
brother and me.
My father is a driver. My mother is a teacher of English at my school. My sister is sixteen and my brother is
sixteen, too. They are twins. I am twelve. We all enjoy watching football games
My home is on West Street. There is a big tree and a lot of small trees around my house. The big one is a pear
tree and the small ones are apple trees. But there aren't any pears or apples on them. There is a photo of my house.
In the photo, you can see a cat in
my house. It's black and white. We like it very much.
Jill's family
People There are people in her family
口诀解题答案解析
4关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
根据题干画出关键词people in her family,回到原文中定位"There are five people in my family.",可知答案为
five。
解题坑点
在表格式任务型阅读中，答案并不一定是文中的原文原词，时常需要对原文信息进行同义改写或归纳整合。
母题 2
（2023·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容完成短文后的思维导图。
The Difficult Search for American Products in the US
If you go to another country, what kind of things would you buy? Would you buy a camera in Japan, some
beautiful clothes in France, or a watch in Switzerland? No matter what you may buy, you might probably think
those products were made in those countries. However, you could be wrong. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student
from Shanghai. Last year he went to visit his aunt and uncle in San Francisco. He found it interesting that so many
products in the local shops were made in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of
the toys had American brands, they were made in China.”
Toys are not the only things made in China. “I wanted to buy a pair of basketball shoes,” he explains, “but I
had to visit five or six stores before finding a pair made in America!” He realized that Americans can hardly avoid
buying products made in China. “In fact,” he continues, “there are so many things made in China—footballs,
handbags, pet food, mobile phones. Even American flags are made in China!” Kang Jian thinks it’s great that China
is so good at making these everyday things. However, he wishes that in the future China will also get better at
making high-technology products that people can buy in all parts of the world.
●Who: Kang Jian Trip
●Where: San Francisco in the US
Trip
●Want to buy: a toy car for 6 and a pair of
basketball shoes for himself
●He found most toys were American brands, but they were
Difficult search for “Made made in China.
7
in the US”
●He couldn’t find a pair of shoes made in America 8
he visited 5 or 6 stores.
Reason China is so good at making these 9 things.
In the future, China will do better in 10 high-
Hope
technology products.
5关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
【答案】6．cousin 7．Fact 8．until 9．everyday 10．making
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国制造的相关内容。
6．根据“I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin”可知，想给表弟买一辆玩具车，故填cousin。
7．根据表格右栏介绍可知，是事实，用fact，故填Fact。
8．根据“but I had to visit five or six stores before finding a pair made in America”可知，在去了五六家店才找
到一双美国制造的。not...until“直到……才”，故填until。
9．根据“Kang Jian thinks it’s great that China is so good at making these everyday things.”可知，中国很擅长
制造这些日常用品，故填everyday。
10．根据“he wishes that in the future China will also get better at making high-technology products that people
can buy in all parts of the world”可知，希望未来中国在制造人们可以在世界各地买到的高科技产品方面也能
做得更好，故填making。
考向2：阅读还原
高频考点3：段落标题
解题口诀：段落标题段首段尾优先读，高频词常入标题。
口诀识别
阅读还原中在一个段落前挖空，需要匹配到体现此段主旨的小标题时，可用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例：
Allowing pet cats to go outside is not just bad for birds and wildlife, it's also bad for the cats themselves.
Outdoor cats can get sick very easily. They are in danger from traffic and attacks(攻击) from other animals. In fact,
outdoor cats usually don't live past the age of five, while indoor cats often live to be 17 or older.
A.Cats can bring illness.
B. Keeping a cat is good for you.
C.You should let your cat inside.
D.Going outside is bad for cats. too.
E.The birds are fewer and fewer in America.
E. Cats kill many birds and small animals every year.
口诀解题答案解析
根据"Allowing pet cats to go outside is not just bad for birds and wildlife. it's also bad for the cats themselves."可
知，本段围绕“让猫咪外出对它们产生的危害”展开论述，故选D。
6关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
解题坑点：
段落首尾句通常不和选择项完全重合，可能以同义转换的方式出现。
母题 3
（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The sun is out. The weather is cool. It’s a great day for running. 11
Be safe
12 So pay attention to what is happening around you while you run. If you are running along a road,
wear light-colored clothes so that drivers can see you clearly.
Listen to your body
Running is tiring and can hurt. But continuous (持续的) pain means something is wrong. Maybe you need to
change the way you move to put less pressure on certain joints (关节). 13 Having a rest when necessary
will help you get back to running as soon as possible.
14
Pick out comfortable shoes that fit your feet. This will stop strain (拉紧) on your feet, legs and back.
Mix it up
Some experts suggest doing other physical activities besides running. 15 By doing different kinds
of exercise, you keep away injuries (伤害) caused by repeated actions.
A．Choose good shoes
B．Always remember safety comes first.
C．Or maybe you are too tired and need a day off.
D．That could mean biking, swimming or playing a sport.
E．But before you start running, here is some advice for you.
【答案】11．E 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍跑步前的一些建议。
11．根据后文介绍可知，给出跑步前的一些建议，选项E“但在你开始跑步之前，这里有一些建议给你。”
符合语境，故选E。
12．根据“Be safe”可知，本条建议要注意安全，选项B“永远记住安全第一。”符合语境，故选B。
13．根据“Having a rest when necessary will help you get back to running as soon as possible.”可知，必要的时
7关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
候休息一下会帮助你尽快恢复跑步。选项C“或者你太累了，需要休息一天。”符合语境，故选C。
14．根据“Pick out comfortable shoes that fit your feet.”可知，挑选适合你脚的舒适的鞋子。选项A“选择好
鞋”符合语境，故选A。
15．根据“Some experts suggest doing other physical activities besides running.”可知，一些专家建议除了跑步
外还做其他的体育活动。选项D“这可能意味着骑自行车、游泳或做运动。”符合语境，故选D。
高频考点4：指代法
解题口诀：代词指代代词指代在前方，看人称、验单复。
口诀识别
选项中出现代词，需注意代词指代，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
One day, the emperor(皇帝), Qin Shi Huang, ordered his soldiers to capture (俘虏)some young men. He sent
the young men to build the Great Wall of China.
A young man named Fan Xiliang didn't want to get captured.____He had nowhere to go and didn't know
where to hide. When he heard the soldiers coming towards
him, he was terrified (感到恐惧的).
A.Lady Meng Jiang stayed by the wall and kept crying day and night.
B.They fell in love with each other.
C.He ran away from his home and planned to hide somewhere.
D.It was a moving love story.
E.Lady Meng Jiang prepared some warm clothes for her husband.
口诀解题答案解析
根据空前"A young man named Fan Xiliang didn't want to get captured."可知，所填句的主语是a young man,C
选项中的He指代a young man,故C正确。
解题坑点
如果上文中出现多人或者多物，需要分清指代关系。
母题 4
（2023·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）还原句子。根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能够填入短文空
白处的最佳选项。
8关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
It is 600 years old and has become a popular snack around China. You can buy it every morning at small street
stalls(摊位) for around 5 to 10 yuan in most Chinese cities. 16
But it is cooked in many different ways. 17 The Tianjin Catering Industry Association(天津餐饮行业
协会) made standards for jianbing guozi to keep the traditional taste on May 25, 2018. 18 According to
the new rules, jianbing guozi should be made of ingredients(原料) that include green bean flour(面粉) and eggs. It
should be 38 to 40 centimeters in diameter(直径).
19 They have pointed out that everyone has different tastes and that it is useless to create the standards
for food. “The jianbing guozi with no standard is the one I like eating.” One Sina Weibo user wrote.
The association has explained that it doesn’t want to make everyone cook the snack the same way every time.
20 It just aims to better regulate(规范) the cooking process, techniques(做法) and food safety than before.
A．It depends on where you buy it.
B．The reason of making standards is to pass down the cooking skills.
C．The snack is called jianbing guozi.
D．It’s not its aim(目标) to make it standard.
E．But some people are wondering if it’s necessary to create such standards.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．E 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍煎饼果子的新规范。
16．根据“It is 600 years old and has become a popular snack around China. You can buy it every morning at
small street stalls(摊位) for around 5 to 10 yuan in most Chinese cities.”可知，它有600年的历史，在中国已经
成为一种受欢迎的小吃。在中国大多数城市，每天早上你都可以在街边小摊上花 5到10元买到它。此处介
绍一种小吃，选项C“这种小吃被称为煎饼果子。”符合语境，故选C。
17．根据“But it is cooked in many different ways.”可知，它有很多不同的烹饪方法，选项A“这取决于你在
哪里买。”符合语境，故选A。
18．根据“The Tianjin Catering Industry Association(天津餐饮行业协会) made standards for jianbing guozi to
keep the traditional taste on May 25, 2018.”可知，2018年5月25日，天津餐饮行业协会制定了煎饼果子保持
传统味道的标准。此处介绍该规范，选项B“制定标准的原因是为了传承烹饪技术。”符合语境，故选B。
19．根据“They have pointed out that everyone has different tastes and that it is useless to create the standards for
food.”可知，他们指出，每个人都有不同的口味，制定食品标准是没有用的。所以有些人认为这种标准是
没用的，选项E“但一些人怀疑是否有必要制定这样的标准。”符合语境，故选E。
9关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
20．根据“It just aims to better regulate(规范) the cooking process, techniques(做法) and food safety than
before.”可知，它只是为了更好地规范烹饪过程、技术和食品安全。此处介绍的是该标准的目的，选项
D“它的目的不是使它成为标准。”符合语境，故选D。
高频考点5：逻辑词
解题口诀：逻辑词句意前后有逻辑、注意转折和顺序。
口诀识别
阅读还原中前后文或选项中出现顺序词或逻辑词，需根据顺序及逻辑关系进行判断，可用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
First, exercise can help your mind. People who get plenty of physical activities might worry less and sleep
better at night. You may even learn better in school. Physical activities can make your body strong. It can
also keep you at a healthy weight. But how can teens be encouraged to do more exercise? Here are some good
suggestions.
A.Second, exercise helps your body.
B. Step away from the screen.
C. Exercise with others together.
D. Exercise helps in two ways.
E.Find a sport you are interested in.
口诀解题答案解析
上文中的“First, exercise can help your mind."和选项中出现的"Second,exercise helps your
body."构成第一第二的顺序关系，故选A。
解题坑点
转折和顺序是最容易辨认的逻辑关系，但除此之外还可能会出现因果、让步、条件等其他逻辑关系，需要
仔细观察文章上下文来进行判断。
母题 5
（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Choosing a job—something you’re thinking of doing for the rest of your
working life—isn’t always easy but necessary. Plans for your future job will have a great influence on your whole
life. 2 1
Know yourself well.
It’s true that things like pay are important, but don’t let money lead you in the wrong direction. Firstly, follow
10关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
your heart and your personality—if you’re not very outgoing, don’t go for a sales job, even if the pay’s good.
2 2 If you do well in getting along with children, to be a teacher may be a fantastic choice.
2 3
Generally speaking, people get more satisfaction out of their jobs if they feel they are doing something
valuable for others. It doesn’t have to be charity work—it could be a job that helps other people, like being a
cleaner. Just imagine what our city would be like without cleaners?
Your first decision isn’t forever.
Some lucky people get it right first time—they choose a job, find they love it and stick at it. 2 4 So
remember—you’re allowed to change your mind! There’s no need to let it worry you for years: maybe you’ve got
three or four possible things you’d like to do, so come to a decision and try one—and if you don’t like it, try
another one.
2 5 The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. Remember to be responsible for
yourself when you are young.
阅读短文，把A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整。
A．Do something of value.
B．But it isn’t always like that.
C．Here are some suggestions for you.
D．Secondly, think about what you are good at.
E．Making a clear plan for your future job is meaningful.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．E
【导语】本文就如何选择工作给出了一些建议。
21．根据“Know yourself well.”及“Your first decision isn’t forever.”可知文中给出了一些建议，C项“这里
有一些建议给你。”符合语境。故选C。
22．根据“Firstly”可知此处要讲其次做什么，D项“其次，想想你擅长什么。”符合语境。故选D。
23．根据“Generally speaking, people get more satisfaction out of their jobs if they feel they are doing something
valuable for others.”可知可以做有价值的工作，A项“做一些有价值的事情。”符合语境。故选A。
24．根据“So remember—you’re allowed to change your mind!”可知并非所有人都能一次选对工作，B项
“但情况并非总是如此。”符合语境。故选B。
25．根据“The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.”可知此处提到了为明天做准备，E项
“为你未来的工作制定一个明确的计划是有意义的。”符合语境。故选E。
11关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
考向3：阅读回答问题
高频考点6：特疑回答
任务型阅读·问答式阅读
Why问 Because /To do答 How many问 数量答
What/Which问 名词/句子答 How much问 数量/价格答
Who问 人答 How often问 频率答
When问 “介词+时间”答 How far问 距离答
Where问 “介词+地点”答 How long问 长度/“for+时间段”答
How问 By sth./ doing答 How soon问 “in+时间段”答
方法识别
在问答式阅读理解中，回答特殊疑问句时用此方法解题。
解题典例
We have got two children. Jack is seven, and his little brother Nick is four. They're quite close and play a lot
together. They quarrel quite a lot, too, but they enjoy each other's company.
Jack reads well, but he didn't start to read for pleasure. He thinks reading is only something you have to do at
school. I think the main problem is: he always watches TV.He also likes playing cards and computer games and
riding his bike. I don't let him ride it on the street, but we often go to the park, where it's safer.
根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。
Where does Jack often go to ride his bike?
问答式解题答案解析
根据口诀"Where问→(介词+)地点答"并结合文中"I don't let him ride it on the street, but we often go to the park,
where it's safer."可知，Jack经常在公园骑自行车。故答案为"In the park."。
解题坑点
注意此类特殊疑问词提问时的回答规范，切勿添词少词，并在作答前确认题目是否有词数要求。
母题 6
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）阅读短文，回答短文后的五个问题。
12关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Before 1970, few laws protected the environment. Then on April 22 that year, Earth Day was created to
celebrate our planet, tell people about environmental problems, and encourage them to take action. Now Earth Day
is celebrated all around the world. We still face many challenges, such as climate（气候） change, plastic
pollution, and deforestation（毁林）. But we can make a difference. Here is an Earth-helping hero.
Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was twelve when her family’s home flooded. Indonesia, her island nation in South-
east Asia, is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters.
Adeline wanted to help. Studying the problem, she learned that mangrove trees play an important role in flood
protection. Their big, tangled（缠结的）roots slow floodwaters and keep soil from washing away. But the trees
were being cut down.
Adeline gathered her classmates to plant 200 mangrove young trees during a school break. They started a
group called Friends of Nature, which works to keep the area’s biodiversity（生物多样性）, fight against climate
change, and help people realize the importance of the environment. They even started a project to get clean energy
to remote villages.
Today, Adeline attends college, studying how businesses can help the environment.
Remember: every one of us can be a hero for the environment!
注：每题答案不超过5个词。
26．What do the underlined words “our planet” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
27．What happened to Adeline’s home when she was twelve?
28．How many things did Adeline and her classmates do to help with the environment?
29．What does Adeline do now?
30．What is the proper title for the passage?
【答案】26．The Earth. 27． Her family’s home flooded. 28．Three. 29．She is a college student.
13关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
30．An Earth-helping hero.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位保护地球环境的英雄Adeline Tiffanie Suwana。文章介绍了她为保
护地球环境所付出的行动和努力。
26．根据“Then on April 22 that year, Earth Day was created to celebrate our planet”可知，人们创造地球日来
庆祝我们的星球，划线部分指代的是地球。故填The Earth.
27．根据“Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was twelve when her family’s home flooded.”可知，Adeline12岁时，她的
家被洪水淹没。故填Her family’s home flooded.
28．根据“Adeline gathered her classmates to plant 200 mangrove young trees…They started a group called
Friends of Nature…They even started a project to get clean energy to remote villages.”可知，Adeline和同学们为
保护环境做了三件事，包括：种植树木、成立环境保护组织、开发向偏远村庄提供清洁能源的项目。故填
Three.
29．根据“Today, Adeline attends college”可知，她现在是一名大学生。故填She is a college student.
30．根据“Here is an Earth-helping hero.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了一位保护环境，拯救地球的英雄，
故An Earth-helping hero可作为文章标题。故填An Earth-helping hero.
高频考点7：自拟大意
解题口诀：自拟大意文首文尾优先读.能抄就抄首尾句。不符就得换说法，余段首尾要考虑。全文提炼是挑
战，概括名词或从句。
口诀识别
题干为"What's the main idea of the passage?""What's the passage mainly about?""What does the passage mainly
talk about?"等时，考查文章大意，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
Do you know what people eat on New Year's Day? It's one of the most important festivals all over the world.
People in the world eat something special for good luck on New Year's Day.
In Spain(西班牙) and some Latin American countries, people eat twelve grapes at midnight on New Year's
Eve.One grape means good luck in each month of the coming new year.
Chinese people eat dumplings. People usually put some coins(硬币) inside them.Everyone wants to find the
coin and they think it can bring people good luck and money in the coming new year. Of course they don't eat the
coin.
Japanese people eat noodles on New Year's Eve and their birthdays. It is said that eating noodles may bring
14关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
them good luck and long life.
What's the main idea of the passage?
口诀解题答案解析
根据首段中的"People in the world eat something special for good luck on New Year's Day."以及下文内容可知，
本文主要讲述了不同国家的人们在庆祝新年时会吃什么，结合解题口诀“要抄就抄首尾句”可知，此句可
作为此题答案。
解题坑点
当首尾句中没有出现可作为主旨句的原文原句时，需要换说法，或用名词或从句提炼全文主旨，另外注意
字数限制。
母题 7
（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）根据短文内容，回答下列各题
You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”?
A British survey shows that there are many electronic products in teenagers’ bedrooms. They are influencing
teenagers’ sleep badly.
The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It is found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7
hours’ sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.
Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or using
other electronic products.
“This is very worrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British professor (教授), “We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means you don’t
get enough sleep and the quality (质量) of the sleep is low, too.” The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt
tired each day because of the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone,
music player or TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them even have all the three.
Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and that
teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products.
31．How many of the 1, 000 British kids from 12 to 16 get only 4 to 7 hours’ sleep a day in the survey?
32．According to the passage, what were 25% of the kids doing when they fell asleep?
33．What does “junk sleep” mean in the passage?
15关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
34．In Dr. Chris’ opinion, what should teenagers do?
35．What does this passage mainly talk about?
【答案】31．500/Five hundred (kids).
32．They were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products. 33．It/“Junk sleep”
means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality of the sleep is low, too. 34．They/Teenagers should spend
less time on the electronic products./They/Teenagers should keep away from electronic products and spend less
time on the electronic products.
35．The/This passage/It is (mainly) about “junk sleep”./The/This passage/It (mainly) talks about “junk
sleep”./Junk sleep.
【导语】本文主要介绍了“垃圾睡眠”，调查显示，青少年的卧室里有很多电子产品，它们严重影响了青
少年的睡眠。
31．根据“The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It is found that 50% of them got just 4 to
7 hours’ sleep every day”可知50%的人每天只睡4到7个小时，即500个孩子。故填500/Five hundred (kids).
32．根据“Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or
using other electronic products.”可知近25%的孩子表示，他们经常在看电视、听音乐或使用其他电子产品时
睡着。故填They were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.
33．根据“It means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality (质量) of the sleep is low, too”可知“垃圾睡眠”
意味着你睡眠不足，睡眠质量也很低。故填It/“Junk sleep” means you don’t get enough sleep and the quality of
the sleep is low, too.
34．根据“Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and
that teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products.”可知他建议青少年应该少花时间在电子产品上
远离电子产品。故填 They/Teenagers should spend less time on the electronic products./They/Teenagers should
keep away from electronic products and spend less time on the electronic products.
35．通读全文可知，本文围绕“垃圾睡眠”展开。故填 The/This passage/It is (mainly) about “junk
sleep”./The/This passage/It (mainly) talks about “junk sleep”./Junk sleep.
16关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
名校新优子题高分必刷
任务型阅读
一、阅读还原5选5
名校新优子题必刷 1
（2023·河南焦作·统考一模）Resilience (韧性) means how well you can deal with and return to normal
from the difficulties of life. Research has shown that although some people seem to come by resilience naturally,
the behavior can also be learned. 1
Find a Sense of Goal
Finding a sense of goal can help you find meanings in life’s challenges. 2
Believe in Your Abilities
It is common to hear some bad words about your work. 3 For example, you can say “I can do this”,
“I’m a great friend” or “I’m good at my job”. Just believe in yourself that you can get the job well done.
Develop a Strong Social Network
4 Simply talking about a situation with a friend or loved one may not make your troubles go away.
But it allows you to share your feelings, get support and come up with possible ways to solve your problems.
Be Positive (积极的)
Staying positive during dark periods may be difficult, but being hopeful about the future is an important part
of resilience. What you are dealing with may be difficult, but it’s important to remain hopeful and positive about a
better future. 5 It means understanding that difficulties are temporary (暂时的) and that you have the
skills and abilities to deal with the challenges you face.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Here are some ways to build resilience.
B．It’s important to have people you can trust.
C．When you hear them, replace them with good ones at once.
D．Positive thinking doesn’t mean paying no attention to the problems.
E．With a clear goal, you’ll learn from past experiences and keep going.
名校新优子题必刷 2
（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）阅读下面短文。从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选
项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。
17关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Many of us think that flowers are just there to add beauty to our life and sometimes a sweet smell. 6
Beauty strengthener(增强剂).
Flowers have many beautiful colors as well as interesting shapes and sizes. Their beauty is likely to inspire(启
发) creative thinkers so that flowers can be seen in many works of art, such as paintings.
Natural Air Freshener.
Besides the fact that plants are known to remove dust from the air, there are flowers that have natural sweet
smells. 7
Mood Enhancer(调节剂).
Flowers are natural mood enhancers for they pass on good spirits. 8 The flowers always put smiles
on the faces of those who receive them, increasing positive thinking. People who receive flowers are likely to
perform better in social situations.
9
Have you ever under a lot of pressure? Flowers are also likely to cut down on stress because the flowers make
us get the positive moods.
Flowers have many advantages, which is why we should start considering growing them. 10 Maybe
we can try growing flowers we like.
A．Stress Reducer.
B．They can be grown indoors or outdoors, and it’s our choice.
C．The truth is that they are not just used for decorating a space.
D．Their natural sweet smells can make the air fresh.
E．Giving flowers out as gifts is always the better choice.
二、阅读还原7选5
名校新优子题必刷 3
（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项
18关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
中有两项为多余项。
Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy. 11 . Money and success alone do
not bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. 12 Here are a few ways to help you be
happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking
about the future. 13 Therefore, we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy simple pleasures in life, such
as spending time with close friends.
14 Many people experience this by dancing, or playing a sport. You can forget about your problems,
and just think about the activity.
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they
volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for others. 15 You can help your classmates with their
studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor. Just try!
A．For example, we want to make more money or get a better job.
B．Happiness is in your own hands.
C．The second secret to leading a happy life is to be active.
D．However, few of them know how to find happiness.
E．Every day is a new day. Forget unhappy moments.
F．So if you want to feel happier, try to do something meaningful for people.
G．In other words, we make our own happiness.
三、阅读填表
名校新优子题必刷 4
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）阅读短文，根据其内容填写信息，完成表格。每空不超过三个单词。
It’s said that in some parts of the world, people are facing the problem of hunger. So what can we do to help
them? Here are some suggestions.
Cook from the fridge
Start with the fresh foods. If you have some in the fridge, use them first. Make a meal with what you have got
instead of running out to the supermarket for something else.
Learn to read the labels
“Best-before” and “use-by” dates are more important. Learn to know the different periods of foods and know
19关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
how to cook them in the right way. For example, black bananas are proper for baking, fresh vegetables are good in
soups, and bread that is not fresh can be turned into small pieces.
Use the freezer (冷冻室)
The freezer can keep foods fresh until you are ready to cook them, and store the cooked foods until you’re
ready to eat them. It’s also the best place for the remaining food. Mark the date of the food nearby, so it’s easy to
find the foods you need to eat first and you will never leave them there for too long.
Shop with a list
Plan meals ahead of time so that you know exactly what to buy. Doing this helps reduce food waste because
it’s possible to buy too much of a certain food and then forget to eat or cook it later.
Keep More Food on the Table
Why Some people are facing the problem of 16 .
Cook from the It’s a good idea to use the foods that you have first, especially the fresh
fridge foods 17 .
Learn to read It’s important to know “best-before” and “use-by” dates of different
the labels foods and 18 them in the right way.
How
The freezer should be used to keep foods fresh and stop them from going
19
bad.
It’s necessary to plan meals ahead of time and shop with a list to reduce
Shop with a list
food 20 .
名校新优子题必刷 5
（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨风华中学校考三模）Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then
given up? If your answer is yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise
is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool! It is better
for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through
the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里).
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make
them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.
But what if you are afraid of water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is not
dangerous or hard to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic
20关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
exercise is for everyone.
根据短文内容完成表格，每空一词。
A 21 Kind of Exercise—Aquatic Exercise
Why people feel easier? Having less 22 in the pool.
What result people can get 23 more calories
What makes people feel good The cool, 24 environment
What feature (特点) it has Being 25 and easy to learn
名校新优子题必刷 6
（2023·江苏泰州·校考三模）阅读下面短文，请根据短文内容，在文后表格中填入恰当的单词，每空一词。
Most people have the good fortune to be raised by caring parents, who give them not only their love but also
their time spent in doing various things for them. However, many who love their parents have trouble finding the
time to spend with them that they know they deserve(值得). Well, here are some ideas.
●A family meal
For those who live within less than an hour’s travelling distance from their parents, a weekly get together
around the dinner table is really not too much to ask. It can be at your place or theirs, or you can have other choices.
Take the chance to chat about daily happenings, and repay just a little of the time they gladly spent on you. If they
live really close by, you could even drop in on the way home from work at times.
●A weekly planned phone call
For those who live at a greater distance from their parents, there is no possibility of regular contact in person,
but this does not mean an end to personal contact. Your parents will be glad to hear the sound of your voice, so plan
to call them on the telephone at least once a week. If possible, choose a proper time when everyone is more likely
to be at home. Your parents will be even happier if this could be a video call.
●E-mail, text and social networks
If your parents feel quite comfortable in the cyber world, well, spend some time with them in that location.
Exchange e-mails, photos, and even Facebook friends with them. You don’t have to share every detail of your life
with them, just the bits you know they will have interest in.
●Ask for your parents’ advice
Whatever problems you may be having, large or small, it’s a safe bet that your parents have been through it all
before. So talk to them and ask for their advice, and if they make the way clearer for you, it might just turn out to be
21关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
the best few minutes you ever spent.
●Share relaxation time
That is, plan time together doing something you both enjoy. Women preparing for a shopping trip or to take in
a film could easily do the same thing together with Mum. Sometimes fathers and sons could enjoy golf or fishing
together. Going out for a meal can be a time for everyone to have fun, or you can get together for a weekend once
or twice a year if distance separates you.
Though most parents do not expect to play a lead role in the lives of their adult children, their years of love
and gladly-given time deserve a few thoughtful minutes in return. So spend time with your parents and make them
closer to you.
Find 26 for Parents
Problem ● Most people brought up by caring parents find it 27 to pay back their parents.
● Get together to have meals weekly 28 at your places or
Have dinner
other places.
together
● Chat about what has happened in the past few days.
● When regular contact in person is 29 because of the great
distance, make sure your parents can hear your voice as 30 as
Make a phone
possible.
call
● Choose a time 31 for both of you. This will greatly make
your parents happy.
Ways
● Share something interesting with your parents through e-mail, text
Contact 32
or social networks.
●Your parents can help you with different 33 of problems,
Turn to your
because they are more experienced than you in one way or another.
parents for advice
● Sharing your troubles and plans is a great way to show your love.
Share your spare
● 34 time together and do things you both enjoy.
time
Conclusion ● Spending time with your parents is a good way to 35 them for their devotion.
四、阅读回答问题
名校新优子题必刷 7
（2023·广东东莞·统考三模）请按要求阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写
22关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
答案语法正确，语义完整。
No Chinese festival is complete without a dragon dance. It is believed that traditional art like this can bring
people power and good luck. One place to look for excellent dragon dancers in Shanghai is Sanlin Town, Pudong.
As a traditional sports activity in China, dragon dance has a long history. As early as in the Shang Dynasty,
there were records that ancient people dressed up as dragons to pray(祈求) for rain. Nowadays, the form and
meaning of dragon dance have made great progress. It also carries the task of spreading Chinese culture.
★Origin (起源) and Development
Dated back to: the Song and Yuan Dynasties
Became popular: the Ming and Qing Dynasties
★Representative (代表人物) and Sanlin Dragon Dance Team
.Representative: Lu Dajie, a 72-year-old man
.Birthplace: Sanlin Town, Pudong
.Time of setting up the team: In 1994
.Members of the team: 18 people for two full-length dragons, both men and women
.Training of the team: Train for at least two hours every two weeks; run 1,500 meters in six minutes and
practice many different movements
★The Teaching of Sanlin Dragon Dance
.Purpose: To pass down the tradition of the dragon dance
.Place: Sanlin’s Lianfeng Elementary School
.Form: Dragon dance has been part of P.E.classes for more than ten years
.Exam: Students usually spend a year or two mastering the basic skills
.Influence: Young Sanlin locals are able to find their own roots by taking part in dragon dance
36．What task does the dragon dance carry?
37．When did the dragon dance become popular?
38．How old is the representative Lu Dajie?
39．How often does the team train?
40．What should you master in the exam if you are a student from Sanlin’s Lianfeng Elementary School?
名校新优子题必刷 8
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）阅读并回答问题。
23关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
The story behind “Bro Shank You”
Row Row Row Your Boat, a traditional English nursery rhyme, which is still popular today, has enjoyed a
second wave of popularity because of a Chinese farmer.
Liu Tao, a middle-aged farmer from Yangshuo, Guilin, South China’s Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region,
loves English and nicknames himself “Teacher Liu” on a short video platform (平台). Netizens (网友) are amused
by his funny accent, and tease him calling him “Bro Shank You”.
“In the 1980s, so many international friends came to visit Yangshuo that they even outnumbered the Chinese
people on the street. When seeing me, they would say hello.” Liu said. From then on, he dreamed of being an
English tour guide.
He then returned home to do farm work, but he never stopped learning English. Borrowing textbooks from
friends, Liu began homeschooling.
“Practice makes perfect. Only when I repeat one sentence several times, can I remember it.” Liu even has a
diary of oral English where he wrote down many dialogues used in different occasions.
Though the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the local tourism, Liu remains true to his original aspiration.
He turned to a short-video platform to introduce his hometown in both Chinese and English.
Some people laugh at Liu’s accent, but most of them show their support for him after hearing his story. “If you
had been him, most of you might have given up.” “He is pretty good at self-learning!” “I do admire his thought of
introducing his hometown.”
Liu doesn’t feel lost in people’s attention, as he knows too well how transient (转瞬即逝的) people’s attention
can be. But he does hope that the audience can get happiness and enjoy the beautiful views of his hometown from
his videos.
回答下面5个问题， 每题答案不超过 6 个词 。
41．Why has Row Row Row Your Boat enjoyed a second wave of popularity?
42．What are netizens amused by?
43．When did he dream of being an English tour guide?
24关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
44．What did Liu Tao do after he borrowed textbooks from friends?
45．What do you think of Liu Tao?
五、阅读匹配
名校新优子题必刷 9
（2023·广东东莞·统考三模）阅读I栏中几个人物的信息，并从Ⅱ栏中选出适合他们的最佳选项。
Ⅱ
I
A．Watch Your Neck: This modern ballet(芭蕾) is telling the
46 Mrs. Li wants to send her story of “Dracula” which is the classic novel by Irish playwright
daughter to take some piano lessons during the Bram Stoker. Time: 8: 30 p.m. February 2—9. Tel: 98558588
coming summer holiday.
B．Children’s Activity Center: Tel: 66589982. Add: No. 2
47 Betty and her boyfriend want to Zhongshan Road (Singing lessons, piano lessons and dancing
spend the weekend watching something new. lessons)
They both like dancing.
C．Art Show: A total of 10 artists living close to each other are
48 Da Ming wants to buy some joining giving an art exhibition.
newspapers to read so that he can improve his
D．Peking Opera: Mei Lanfang’s brave fighting against the
English.
Japanese during the War of Resistance against Japanese will
49 Mr. Black wants to come to open your mind.
Beijing for the first time in August. He wants to
E.Foreign Book Center: More and more interesting learning
enjoy the real Beijing Opera very much.
English books and newspapers, CDs, etc.
50 Tony and his colleagues will have
F.The Changcheng Hotel: Five star hotel.Looking for much
a trip in Guangzhou next week. They need to
experienced receptionists. Tel: (010)55883326
rent a car and a driver who understands
English. G.Car-Hire Service: 12-seat cars for hire in Zhujiang Business
and Private Hire. We have English-speaking drivers.
六、阅读信息摘录
名校新优子题必刷 10
（2023·浙江湖州·校考三模）请阅读文章，完成人物档案。每空不多于三个词。
In 2015, US actress Brie Larson took home the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the movie
Room. These days, the 33-year-old is standing her ground as a superhero.
25关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
Larson plays Carol Danvers, also known as Captain Marvel, in the movie of the same name. As a superhero,
she has many superpowers, such as being able to fly as fast as the speed of light.
When Larson was offered the role, she didn’t accept it at the beginning. “I am not a person with much
confidence. So, I needed a little bit of time to see if I could do it,” she said. She had no idea about playing a
superhero. There would be lots of promotional (推广) interviews. Facing all of these things, she decided to go out
of her comfort zone(舒适区). “I was going to push myself to do things that I never thought I could do. I challenged
myself,” she said.
Larson trained for nine months. She learned kungfu, practiced weightlifting and so on. But the biggest
challenge was that she had to work with a cat—an animal that she was afraid of. “I was sick the whole time, but I
insisted to work with it by myself. I was fine.”
The movie has become a huge success. Variety Magazine spoke highly of her acting. By playing Captain
Marvel, Larson discovered her own weaknesses and turned them into strengths.
Brie Larson and her latest movie
The movie name: 51 .
Her role: Carol Danvers
Abilities: can 52 at the speed of light
Before taking the role:
*At the beginning Brie Larson refused the role.
*She wasn’t sure how to play a 53 .
*But she pushed herself forward.
54 she experienced:
*She trained for nine months.
*She learned new skills and even worked with an animal she was afraid
of.
Achievements:
* Variety Magazine spoke highly of her acting.
*She has become more powerful.
七、阅读补全句子
名校新优子题必刷 11
（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Some people succeed, while others may not. This is because some people own
26关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
certain qualities, which others don’t have. If you want to be successful, you should have the following qualities at
least.
The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic(乐观的). If you do not
expect to win, you will not try as hard as those who do expect to win. You also need to have a clear purpose and a
reason for doing something. If you do not have a purpose, you will not do your best to work hard and make sure
that every detail you have done is right.
Reading is another thing to success, as it will help you learn about how other people have achieved success. If
you want to learn how to set up a successful business, you should read books about like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang,
who have achieved amazing success in their areas of business.
Another quality that helps people succeed is creativity—thinking about things differently and wondering how
others will do the same thing. Think about some successful people you know. They might be successful with a little
creativity, but the most successful people are the most creative ones.
Practicing is equally important if you want to succeed because practice makes perfect. Practice every day at
any career you are in, and by doing so, you will see yourself, your business and your self-confidence begin to grow.
If you feel confident about what you do, this confidence will make other people believe in you more as well. Your
workmates will be happy to work with you, and your boss will give you more important things to do. Finally if you
succeed, you can look people in the eye and smile confidently.
Success is yours for the taking! Cheers!
根据上面的短文内容填空。
55．Some people can succeed because they own , while others have.
56．To be is the first thing you must remember in order to succeed. People who expect to win will try
than those who don’t.
57． is another thing to success. You should read books about people like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang to
learn how to set up .
58．Creativity means people should wonder how the same thing by others. And the more successful
people are, they are.
59．A man who succeeds should have at least qualities and if you are confident, you will also get
others you more.
27关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载
八、阅读补全短文
名校新优子题必刷 12
（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）Space exploration is getting more and more popular and more money is spent
on it. So what do you think—is space exploration a waste of money or is it worth it?
Yes—exploring space brings many advantages
It might sound very expensive but space exploration only takes up a tiny part of government spending in the
case of US space agency NASA, about 0.4%. Space exploration has helped us to learn more about the universe and
brought different countries together. Space programmes actually help create jobs and drive the inventions of new
technologies. Above all, space encourages special feelings of awe（敬畏） and satisfies human curiosity. Climate
change（气候变化） makes it necessary for people to find another planet to live on instead of depending only on
the Earth.
No—it wastes much-needed resources
The cost of space exploration can only be described as huge. The cost of NASA may have gone down since
the 1960s, when humans landed on the Moon, but it’s still not exactly small—＄24 billion for 2022. It’s not wise to
spend billions on space when there are still many people without enough money to live on. Moreover, new
inventions of technologies surely would have been invented no matter what happens. The best way to deal with
climate change is spending as much as possible in protecting the Earth. Moreover, with 95% of the world’s oceans
yet to be developed, there’s more than enough to satisfy human curiosity.
阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的短文，每空一词。
Space exploration is a hot topic. Many people discuss 60 we should spend so much money exploring
space or not. Some people believe that space exploration is worth the money. First, space exploration isn’t actually
as 61 as it sounds — it takes up only a small part of government spending. It helps us learn more and brings
countries together. Second, it helps create jobs and leads to new inventions. Third, humans can not depend on the
Earth forever because of climate change. They n 62 to find another planet to live on. However, people are
not in 63 . Some consider that it’s not wise to spend so much on space when so many people are in need of
necessities. What’s more, many inventions of new technologies would have happened anyway. Finally, humans
should put resources into protecting 64 and the Earth instead of giving it up. So what’s your opinion—is
space a waste of money or is it worth it?
28
