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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意
2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．moral dilemma道德困境
4．entrust vt.委托；交付
5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课
6．tuition fees学费
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
8．resident physician住院医师
9．colleague n．同事；同僚
10．faraway adj.遥远的
11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园
12．insurance n．保险；保险业
13．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进
14．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播
15．pole n．(行星的)极；地极
16．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
17．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
18．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
19．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
20．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具
21．maple n．枫树；槭树
22．cart n．手推车；运货马车
23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出
24．might n．力量；威力
25．fable n．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的
3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬
6．union n．协会；联合会；工会
7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用
8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部
9．decade n．十年；十年期
10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版
12．staff n．员工；全体职员
13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则
14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的
15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
16．midnight n．子夜；午夜
17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
18．lip n．嘴唇
19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长
20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
22．tear n．眼泪；泪水
23．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望
24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
25．income n．收入；收益
26．per prep.每；每一
27．therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶
2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复
5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者
6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指
定的
8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选
9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向
10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
11．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄
12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary
adj.吓人的；恐怖的
13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地
→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高
14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量
15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物
16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然
地
17．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator
n．操作员；接线员；经营者
18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
19．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆
20．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.
无害的
21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性
22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动
词的)时态
1．exclude /Ik'skluːd/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；不包括；排除
2．hatred /'heItrId/ n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶
3．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑːvələs/ adj.极好的；非凡的
4．underlying /ˌʌndə'laIIŋ/ adj.隐含的；潜在的
5．depict /dI'pIkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘
6．temptation /temp'teIʃn/ n．引诱；诱惑(物)
7．beloved /bI'lʌvId/ adj.钟爱的；深受喜爱的 n．心爱的人
8．flaw /flɔː/ n．错误；缺点；裂痕
9．discouraged /dIs'kʌrIdʒd/ adj.泄气的；心灰意冷的→discourage /dIs'kʌrIdʒ/ vt.使灰心；使
泄气；阻拦
10．prompt /prɒmpt/ vt.促使；导致 adj.立即的；迅速的；敏捷 n．(给演员的)提词，提示Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．first aid急救
4．pass away去世
5．in memory of作为对……的纪念
6．trip over被……绊倒
7．in tears流着泪；含着泪
8．in despair处于绝望中
9．a great deal (of) 大量
10．choose to do sth选择做某事
11．care for喜欢；照顾
12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13．be responsible for为……负责
14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含
义)
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-
GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)她随即成为北京协和医院妇
产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand
babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...)林医生坚守在岗位
上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve
their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来
解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
Li Hua，an energetic medical student，was walking by a kindergarten 1.____________
an accident happened.A pregnant woman tripped over and fainted.Seeing this，her first
response was 2.____________(conduct) first aid，but a passer-by whispered to her “Think
twice.” She was in a moral dilemma.After a short 3.____________(hesitate)，she chose to send
the woman to a clinic.A physician who had just retired came to assist her.However，hermother spoke sharp words and complained about this 4.____________fear of a blackmail(敲
诈)．Li Hua became scared.She had no income，savings or insurance.What if the woman
asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress
in a nearby caf ． Her scholarship might also help.A chain of terrible thoughts
5.____________(flash) through her mind，she was almost in despair，and therefore could not
sleep 6.____________ midnight.Her father’s words carried her through the hard
time.“Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the
might.What is 7.____________________(precious) than life? How can you reject your duty and
ignore your principles？” The following day，she found the pregnant woman’s husband
waiting in front of her classroom.He thanked Li Hua again and again in tears.At last，her tension
8.______________________(replace) with pride.Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility
9.____________ made Li Hua get 10.____________(promote) and make contributions in his career
as a doctor decades later.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)
•respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复
•in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
(1)The union made no ____________(respond) to my application for a scholarship，which made
me in despair.
(2)我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐
部活动提供建议。(2023·北京，书面表达)
I am writing ____________________________________ asking me for advice on how to plan a
club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”．
(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Every time I asked him for advice，_______________________________________________
_________________________.
appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定
的；指定的)
•appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
•make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore ， I will appoint my brother
____________(meet) you at the airport.
(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that ________________________ the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.
(3)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，_________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向)
•tend to do...倾向于做……；往往做……
•have a tendency to do...有做某事的倾向
(1)There is a growing ____________(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
(2)我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses __________________________________
______________________________.
(3)虽然我不愿意承认，但人们最初往往倾向于根据外表来评判一个人。
While I hate to admit it，people ______________________________________________ initially.
scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary
adj.吓人的；恐怖的)
•scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
•be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death吓得要死
(1)After watching a ____________(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared ____________
walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.
(2)新年期间的一个习俗是燃放烟花，据说这是为了吓跑年兽。
One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks ，
________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续
写)
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，_____________________________
______________________________________________________.
(4)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
Having realized my mistake ， I bowed my head timidly ，
__________________________________
____________________________________________________________.(形容词短语作状语)
assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)
•assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人
•come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
(1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop ____________ who came to my
__________ when I fainted in your shop.(assist)
(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发
音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)
In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will ________________________.Firstly，I
will ____________________________________.
(3)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
____________________________________ I succeeded in winning the election and was
appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句式)
harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)
•do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。
•be harmful to对……有害
(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful ____________ children but
____________(harm) to adults.
(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。
(2021·全国乙，书面表达)
Being addicted to online games ________________________ our physical and mental health.
Therefore，____________________________________.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 To a person nothing is more precious than their
life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义，意为：没有比……更……的了。常用
的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a ____________(good)one.”
(2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us，nothing is ____________________________________ to those in trouble.
(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续
写)
“I ________________________________________________ ！ ” the mother responded
excitedly.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a
resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医
院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
•此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最
高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词
不定式作后置定语。
•在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示
将要发生的动作。
(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ____________(contact) you
failed.
(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance
__________________________________________.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这
项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)
I can speak fluent English and I am ____________________________________ for further
study.There is no doubt that I am ________________________________________________.
(4)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困
境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
John was ______________________________________________________.He was convinced
that he had the ability ____________________________________.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．sharp
A.adj.急剧的 B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的D.adv.整点地 E.adj.急转的 F.adj.声音突
然而响亮的(1)Suddenly，Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds，he’d slid down the trunk and was back
on the ground.(2023·浙江1月)________
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.________
(3)I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.________
(4)She planned to unlock the shop at 8：00 sharp the next morning.________
(5)I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman
in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.(2021·北京)________
(6)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was cutting potatoes.________
2．operation
(1)The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.________
(2)Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.________
(3)I have been working in a huge multinational operation ever since graduation.________
(4)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.
(2022·全国乙)________
(5)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.
(2021·全国乙)________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors.____________
(2)We will play basketball for half an hour in a basketball court.____________
(3)When we tear one page from the calendar，it means our life has been shortened by one
day.____________
(4)The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat.____________
(5)Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.
(2020·全国Ⅰ)____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It’s typical of him to respond ____________ others’ requests in spite of his own
business.
2．Never have I experienced a ________________(exciting) moment than now.
3．His colleagues assisted him ________________(decorate) the house for his wedding.
4．We appointed her ____________________(represent) us to send our congratulations at the
wedding ceremony.
5．The ____________(major) are in favor of my proposal while a minority of them are against it.
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere was replaced ____________ a serious one.
7.After all，it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm ____________
them.
8．The most ____________(energy) and significant festivals are those that look forward to theend of winter and the coming of spring.
9．The saying “Once ____________(bite)，twice shy” is a classic portrayal(写照) of how
people can be affected by shadows.
10．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____________ his employees
can enjoy their work.
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内
容包括：
1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
完成句子
1．说到我最尊敬的人，我首先想到的是我的英语老师——王老师。(不定式作后置定语)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．她是一位热心、敬业的老师，把我们当作她的孩子一样照顾和教导。(定语从句；tend)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．作为十几岁的学生，我们有时候会陷入迷茫和绝望的境地。(where引导定语从句；in
despair)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4．每当我们遇到困难时，总是她带我们度过艰难的时期。(强调句式；carry sb through)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．她赢得了我们所有学生的尊敬，在我们心中她是最美的老师。(否定词＋比较级)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[情感描写] dilemma；complain；passive；scared；sharp；in memory of；in
tears；in despair；tension
亮词
[人物描写] moral；virtue；precious；energetic；pregnant；flexible；appoint；
elect；whisper；pass away；assist；replace
1.As a five-year-old girl，Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s
death.At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the
majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(人物描写)
2．She was more interested in tending patients，publishing medical research on
care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(动作描
写)
美句
3．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect
others to solve their problems.(哲理感悟)
4．The king was in despair.(情感描写)
5．Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He
placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the
stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.(动作描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：哭泣流泪(一)
weep v．哭泣；water v．流泪；sob v．呜咽；moan v．呻吟；sniffle v．(因哭
单词
泣)抽鼻子；wail/bawl v．放声大哭
be bathed in tears 泪流满面；fight/hold back tears抑制眼泪；be in floods of tears泪
如泉涌；burst into tears/burst out crying突然哭起来；shed tears流泪；choke up哽
词块
咽；cry one’s eyes/heart out悲痛欲绝；cry bitter/lonely tears留下痛苦/孤独的泪
水；sob/weep with one’s face buried in one’s hands掩面哭泣
1.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes，and begged me to help her.(with复合结
构)简眼里含着泪水转向我，恳求我帮帮她。
2．Bill fought back his tears and tried to comfort Sarah’s mother.比尔抑制住泪
水，并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。
句型
3．Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn’t realize
that.她的手在颤抖。她快要哭出来了，但保罗没有意识到这一切。
4．Cecil came round later，crying his eyes out，asking me to forgive him.赛西尔后
来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。语料运用 积极的人生态度
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted.She finally came to life after a chain of
operations but went blind forever，①__________________________________________(定语从
句 ) ． Scared to face the future ，
②____________________________________________________ (with 复合结构)．Seeing his
wife ③________________(分词短语作宾补)，her husband，Mark，was heartbroken.He tended
her with great care and ④___________________________ and step out of such a passive
dilemma.He bought her a guide dog ， encouraged her to learn Braille and
⑤________________________________________________.Gradually ，
⑥________________________________________________.She whispered gently，“Mark，
thank you.⑦________________________________________________(强调句式)．”
苏珊在一场车祸中晕倒了。经过一系列的手术后，她终于活了过来，但却永远失明，这
让她陷入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来，她经常掩面哭泣。看到妻子泪流满面，丈夫马
克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾她，决心帮助她恢复力量和信心，走出困境。他给她买了一只
导盲犬，鼓励她学习盲文，并陪她参加社区活动。渐渐地，苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。
她轻声说：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
