2010-2023（英二）_27考研真题_考研英语一、二真题+解析（1994-2026）_考研英语真题阅读手译本_英语二（10-25）

考研英语阅读手译本 （英语二 10-23）目录 考研英语阅读题型总结——技巧篇...............................................................................................................3 手译本使用方法..................................................................................................................................................5 2010年阅读真题 2010年Text1...................................................................................................................................................7 2010年Text2.................................................................................................................................................11 2010年Text3.................................................................................................................................................15 2010年Text4.................................................................................................................................................19 2011年阅读真题 2011年Text1.................................................................................................................................................24 2011年Text2.................................................................................................................................................28 2011年Text3.................................................................................................................................................33 2011年Text4.................................................................................................................................................38 2012年阅读真题 2012年Text1.................................................................................................................................................43 2012年Text2.................................................................................................................................................47 2012年Text3.................................................................................................................................................52 2012年Text4.................................................................................................................................................57 2013年阅读真题 2013年Text1.................................................................................................................................................62 2013年Text2.................................................................................................................................................66 2013年Text3.................................................................................................................................................71 2013年Text4.................................................................................................................................................75 2014年阅读真题 2014年Text1.................................................................................................................................................79 2014年Text2.................................................................................................................................................84 2014年Text3.................................................................................................................................................88 2014年Text4.................................................................................................................................................93 2015年阅读真题 2015年Text1.................................................................................................................................................98 2015年Text2...............................................................................................................................................103 2015年Text3...............................................................................................................................................108 2015年Text4...............................................................................................................................................112 2016年阅读真题 2016年Text1...............................................................................................................................................118 2016年Text2...............................................................................................................................................123 2016年Text3...............................................................................................................................................127 2016年Text4...............................................................................................................................................132 2017年阅读真题 2017年Text1...............................................................................................................................................137 2017年Text2...............................................................................................................................................143 2017年Text3...............................................................................................................................................147 2017年Text4...............................................................................................................................................152 2018年阅读真题 2018年Text1...............................................................................................................................................157 2018年Text2...............................................................................................................................................162 12018年Text3...............................................................................................................................................168 2018年Text4...............................................................................................................................................173 2019年阅读真题 2019年Text1...............................................................................................................................................178 2019年Text2...............................................................................................................................................183 2019年Text3...............................................................................................................................................188 2019年Text4...............................................................................................................................................193 2020年阅读真题 2020年Text1...............................................................................................................................................199 2020年Text2...............................................................................................................................................204 2020年Text3...............................................................................................................................................209 2020年Text4...............................................................................................................................................213 2021年阅读真题 2021年Text1...............................................................................................................................................218 2021年Text2...............................................................................................................................................223 2021年Text3...............................................................................................................................................227 2021年Text4...............................................................................................................................................232 2022年阅读真题 2022年Text1...............................................................................................................................................237 2022年Text2...............................................................................................................................................242 2022年Text3...............................................................................................................................................246 2022年Text4...............................................................................................................................................252 2023年阅读真题 2023年Text1...............................................................................................................................................256 2023年Text2...............................................................................................................................................261 2023年Text3...............................................................................................................................................266 2023年Text4...............................................................................................................................................271 翻译真题手译 2010年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................276 2011年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................277 2012年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................278 2013年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................279 2014年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................280 2015年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................281 2016年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................283 2017年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................284 2018年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................285 2019年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................286 2020年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................287 2021年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................288 2022年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................289 2023年英译汉真题（英语二）................................................................................................................290 2考研英语阅读题型总结——技巧篇 一、例证题 1.常见题干标志：example，case，illustrate，demonstrate，to show，byciting（为了) 2.解题方法： （1）例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点 （2）先定位到例子出现的位置，然后再找观点，观点往往在例子前（假设定位点在第二段第三 行，答案往往在定位点之前找），不过有时也在例子后，也可以在不同的段落 3.干扰选项: （1）就事论事，谈论例子本身，而不是例子所支持的观点 4.例证题小技巧: （1）互为相反的选项往往有一个正确答案 （2）文章中若出现情态动词:must，can，could，may，might，should，would，ought to，往往 表达了作者观点或者态度 二、词汇题 1.常见题干标志：“ ”、”(Line.paragraph ) 、mostprobably means 2.解题方法： （1）逻辑关系——通过定位好的句子，根据逻辑关系找同义词或反义词 ①句子1=句子2，找近义词——分号（;）表示前后两句话表达意思相同 ②句子1,but句子2，找反义词 ③根据感情色彩判断，感情色彩代表作者态度大方向 （2）简单词，考查熟词僻义，排除表面含义，不断提炼内涵 （3）反复强调的是重点 3.干扰选项特征:字面意思理解 三、推理题 1.常见题干标志： infer，learn from，imply，suggest，conclude 2.解题方法： （1）不要过分主观推测，原文可以找到的内容往往即是正确答案 （2）推理题的答案多在转折处 （3）排除绝对化，选择语气缓和的，比如may （4）注意同义改写——常出细节题、中心思想题、推理题 四、态度题 1.常见题干标志：attitude，deem，consider，tone 2.解题方法： （1）选项词归纳 ①正面态度：positive，optimistic，approval，supportive ②负面态度：negative(消极的), pessimistic(悲观的), disapproval, critical(重要的，批评的)， doubtful(怀疑的)，suspicious，skeptical,questionable ③中立态度：neutral，objective，impartial，disinterested（中立的） （2）当作者的态度没有明确提出时: ①首尾句串读法，梳理文章的框架，来推测作者态度 ②文章中的adj（表示评价）\adv往往是作者的态度 ③转折处、情态动词之后 33.态度题小技巧之小墓碑选项——看到直接排除 （1）漠不关心的：uninterested，indifferent，unconcerned （2）偏见的：contemptuous，prejudice， biased （3）困惑的：subjective，puzzled，confused 五、细节题 1.常见题干标志：What/how/why/ because/ in that/as等＋具体信息， 即为什么？怎么样？是什么？ 2.解题方法： （1）定位！细节题的关键在于定位，题干的相关信息可能直接在文章中出现（也可能进行某种 程度上的改写），这种情况下，细节题定位到的地方，往往就是题目对应的答案，不过有时也 得需要结合定位地方的上下句。 （2）细节服从主旨！，与中心主旨越接近的选项，往往越有可能是正确的 3.细节题中的因果题 （1）常见因果关系词——because,since,for,as （2）方法—— 前后相同的逻辑，优先考虑因果关系 当一个现象具有多个成因，考察主要原因时，那么次要原因就是干扰选项 六、中心思想题（主旨题） 1.常见题干标志： mainlyabout，discuss，thebest title/subject，appropriate title，main idea 2.解题方法： （1）首尾句串读法——将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处，此方法较普遍使用 （2）中心句法 ①开头问句——一般在回答中包含着文章的重点信息，也就是中心思想 ②独句段——即一句话单独构成一个段落，独句段通常与全文的主旨密切相关 （3）中心词法 ①注意文章反复出现的高频词，以及对该高频词的同义改写 ②可以在全文范围找，也可在首尾句中找 ③一篇文章的中心词可能不止一个，中心思想题的答案应该包括全部的中心词，而不是仅 包含一个，这样的选项比较片面 3.常见干扰项 （1）某个答案范围过大，或者范围过小——可能只是文章某段的主旨 （2）做题要客观，路见不平一定不要拔刀相助！文章怎样就怎样！ （3）少数派原则，作者往往站在少数人观点的一方，因为作者关注的方面往往是多数人没有关 注到的。 附录1：阅读题解题的大方向技巧与思想 （1）串联题干信息，把握文章主题。明确 （2）注意句子与句子(好与坏），段落之间的联系 （3）少数派——写作目的（众人皆醉我独醒) （4）写过去与现在，一好一坏。 （5）细节服从主旨。 （6）反复强调的是重点，重点往往是考点 附录2：阅读题做题顺序 先看题目后看文章，题目只看题干(若四个选项都含有的信息就是正确信息，通常判定为文 章主旨），阅读本质是逻辑关系！！ 4手译本使用方法 关于阅读手译，下面学长以一问一答的形式和大家讲解关于如何做考研英语手译的。在文 章之前先和大家说明几点，第一，由于考研试卷反作弊的“花卷”处理机制，即考生前后左右 座位分发的试卷的选项顺序都是不同的，也就是说存在多个版本的真题，它们选项内容一样，但 是顺序被打乱了。如果这份资料的题目选项顺序和别的版本试卷的题目选项顺序不一样，这是 正常现象，不必担心。第二，千万要记得在分析真题的时候，动脑最重要！任何事情都无法替 代思考本身！ 一.英语阅读真题需要手译吗？ 先直接说回答：需要！原因如下 （1）首先是阅读部分的分值占比很大，无论是英一还是英二，足足都有40分，而阅读水平 的提高也必将带动其他题型的提高，“得阅读者得天下”这句话不是白讲的，所以前中期花大 量精力在阅读上是必须的。 （2）而备考阅读，最重要的不是做（即反复的看文章、做题目），而是分析和总结阅读， 将文章内的单词、长难句、题型设置原则等搞清楚。而手译则正是分析和总结阅读的过程，很 多人关于手译存在这么一种看法：他们认为手译就是单纯的把文章翻译一遍，其实这种观点是 错误的。科学的手译绝对不是简简单单的翻译文章，而是一种分析和总结阅读的过程和工具， 在这个过程中，手译会显著的提高你的英语能力。 （3）笔者在考研的时候，曾经花了三个月时间把近20年的阅读真题都手译了一遍，确实， 过程很痛苦，但是手译完了之后，我可以很明显发现我的英语能力有了显著的提高，在手译最 后的半个月，整个手译过程会变得越来越轻松。 二、分析阅读真题要分析哪些内容？ 对于一篇阅读真题来说，可以简单的分为两大部分：正文、题目，我们需要庖丁解牛似的 对这两部分进行拆解 1.对正文的分析和总结——可以提高英语基础能力 （1）单词、短语：找出句子中不认识的单词（以及熟词僻义等）、短语并记录 （2）句子（长难句）：学会去拆分句子、分析句子成分，判断相近句子之间的逻辑关系 （3）文章结构：分析文章整体的行文思路、段落结构，以一个统筹的视角，可以有效提高把 握文章的能力，这部分黄皮书、考研真相每篇真题前都有相关的文章结构解读，大家可以参考。 2.对题目的分析和总结——可以提高技巧解题能力 （1）首先要学会判断题目所属的题型，每种题型的解题套路都是不一样的 （2）学会定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，找出答案。题目设 置一般都很有规律，比如第二题答案在原文中的位置一定是在第一题答案原文位置之后，而且 一般一段出一个题目，所以阅读真题多为5段5题。 （3）分析错误选项，学会大致分析每一个错误选项的干扰方式 拓展：要不要要唐迟老师的阅读技巧视频？ 我认为在打好单词基础的前提下，可以看唐迟老师的阅读技巧课，而基础差的同学应该先解决单词、 长难句这一句，也就上面所讲的对正文的分析，英语阅读复习一般分为三轮，手译的过程是第一轮，推荐 在打好第一轮的基础上，第二轮再看唐老师的技巧课。 四、整个手译的练习流程？ 结合我的复习经验以及手译本的排版，制定了如下的手译训练流程，经过去年很多21届考 生的亲身使用，效果很好。（注意：电子版和纸质版排版有局部差别，更适合平板复习） 5步骤1：做题——给自己15分钟的时间，模拟在考试状态下做题的状态 （1）建议先看题干（不要看选项，不然易干扰思维、浪费时间 ）了解文章大致主旨，然后 再看文章，最后做题 （2）过程中一定不要查单词，文章再难，也一定要忍住！！！目的就是习惯这种考试感觉。 步骤2：全文逐句手译 （1）遇到结构简单、句内单词都认识、一眼可以看懂的句子——直接过掉 （2）遇到复杂句子，长难句 ①圈出不认识的单词、短语——记录在单词本上，并查词典，做笔记，吃透！！！ ②解析句子——学会划分句子主干，基础比较差的，前期可以参考解析书将一个句子细 致按照主谓宾定状补来分割，理解句子成分，打一下基础 ③翻译全文——不要追求翻译多么得体，多么精确，翻译到自己可以理解的程度就可以 了，这是阅读题，不是翻译题，翻译题有自己的训练方法 ④修订翻译——对翻译的内容进行核对与修订，并进行反思 步骤3：重做题目 （1）在解析过全文之后，重做题目，这时候的准确率会大幅度上升 ①判断题目所属的题型 ②定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，如此题可定位到第xxx 段第 xxx句，可同义替换为 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 。 （2）分析总结 ①对错误选项的干扰形式进行总结分析，如无中生有、反向干扰、偷换概念，可以参考 黄皮书等参考资料 ②将同一题型的题目放在一起，总结考研命题人的出题思路与风格。 6做手译之前 请一定要看前面的使用方法！！！ 2010年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th2008. （2）Allbut two pieces sold, fetching morethan ￡70m, arecord fora salebyasingle artist. （3）It was a last victory. （4）As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 【第二段】 （1）The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since2003. （2）At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, aresearch firm—doublethefigure fiveyears earlier. （3）Sincethen it may have comedown to$50billion. 7（4）But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in away matched byfew other industries. 【第三段】 （1）In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. （2）In theart world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. （3）Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down bynearly 90%in theyear toNovember 2008. （4）★Within weeks theworld’stwo biggest auction houses,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had topay out nearly $200min guarantees toclients who hadplaced works forsalewith them. 【第四段】 （1）The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionistsat theend of 1989. （2）This timeexperts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. 8（3）But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.” 【第五段】 （1）What makes this slump different from thelast, hesays, is that thereare stillbuyers in themarket. （2）★Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at themoment isnot a lack ofdemand but alack ofgood work to sell. （3）Thethree Ds—death, debt and divorce—stilldeliver works of art tothemarket. （4）But anyone who does nothave tosell iskeeping away, waiting forconfidence to return. 【题目】 21.Inthefirstparagraph, Damien Hirst’s salewas referred to as “alastvictory” because____. ［A］theart market had witnessed asuccession ofvictories ［B］theauctioneer finally got thetwo pieces at thehighest bids ［C］BeautifulInsideMy Head Forever won over all masterpieces ［D］itwas successfully madejust before theworld financial crisis 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 922. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1~2, Para. 3), the authorsuggests that_____. ［A］collectors were nolongeractively involved in art-market auctions ［B］peoplestopped every kind ofspending and stayed away from galleries ［C］art collection as afashion had lost its appeal to a great extent ［D］works of art ingeneral had gone out offashion sothey were not worth buying 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Whichof thefollowingstatements isNOT true? ［A］Sales ofcontemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to2008. ［B］Theart market surpassed many other industriesinmomentum. ［C］Theart market generally went downward invarious ways. ［D］Someart dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Thethree Ds mentioned inthelastparagraph are_______. ［A］auction houses’ favorites ［B］contemporary trends ［C］factors promotingartwork circulation ［D］styles representing Impressionists 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1025.Themost appropriatetitle forthis text couldbe_______. ［A］Fluctuation of Art Prices ［B］Up-to-date Art Auctions ［C］Art Market inDecline ［D］Shifted Interest in Arts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2010年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to jointhem. （2）Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, whilehis wifesat silentlybeside himonthecouch. （3）Toward theend oftheevening, Icommented that women frequently complain that theirhusbands don’t talk to them. （4）Thisman quickly nodded in agreement. （5）Hegestured toward his wifeand said, “She’s the talkerin ourfamily.” 11（6）Theroom burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. （7）“It’strue,” he explained. （8）“WhenIcome homefrom work Ihave nothingto say. （9）If she didn’t keep the conversation going, we’dspend the wholeevening insilence.” 【第二段】 （1）This episode crystallizes theirony that although American men tend to talk more than women in publicsituations, they often talk less at home. （2）And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. 【第三段】 （1）Thepattern was observed bypolitical scientist Andrew Hackerinthelate 1970s. （2）★Sociologist CatherineKohler Riessman reports in her new bookDivorce Talkthat most ofthe women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for theirdivorces. （3）★Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—avirtual epidemic offailed conversation. 【第四段】 12（1）In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking and social arrangements. （2）Instead, they focused oncommunication: “Hedoesn’t listen tome,” “He doesn’t talk to me.” （3）★I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation oftheirwives. 【第五段】 （1）In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at theback ofit, wanting to talk. 【题目】 26.Whatismost wives’main expectation oftheir husbands? ［A］Talking to them. ［B］Trustingthem. ［C］Supportingtheircareers. ［D］Sharing housework. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1327. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means_______. ［A］generating motivation ［B］exertinginfluence ［C］causing damage ［D］creating pressure 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Allof thefollowing aretrue EXCEPT_______. ［A］men tend to talk more inpublicthan women ［B］nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused byfailed conversation ［C］women attach much importance tocommunication between couples ［D］afemale tends tobe moretalkativeat homethanherspouse 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Whichof thefollowingcan best summarize themain ideaof thistext? ［A］Themoral decaying deserves moreresearch bysociologists. ［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities. ［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage. ［D］Conversational patterns between man and wifeare different. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1430.Inthefollowing partimmediately afterthis text, theauthorwill mostprobablyfocus on___. ［A］avivid account ofthenew bookDivorce Talk ［B］adetailed description ofthestereotypical cartoon ［C］otherpossiblereasons fora highdivorce rate in theU.S. ［D］abrief introduction to thepolitical scientistAndrew Hacker 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2010年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors— habits—among consumers. （2）These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almostwithout thinking, often inresponse to a carefully designed set of daily cues. 【第二段】 （1）“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director oftheHygiene Center at theLondon School ofHygiene & Tropical Medicine. 15（ 2 ） “ We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.” 【第三段】 （1）Thecompanies that Dr. Curtisturned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmoliveand Unilever— had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers ’ lives that corporations could usetointroducenew routines. 【第四段】 （1）★If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. （2）Acentury ago, few peopleregularly brushed theirteeth multipletimes aday. （3）Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the otherbrands. 【第五段】 （1）Afew decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outsideof ameal. 16（2）Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. （3）Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for useafter ameal. （4）Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and puttingonmakeup. 【第六段】 （1）“Our products succeed when they become part ofdaily orweekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billionofTide, Crest andotherproducts last year. （2）“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making newproducts commerciallyviable.” 【第七段】 17（1）Through experimentsand observation, social scientistslikeDr. Berning have learned that there is power intying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. （2）★As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sellquestionable beauty creams orunhealthy foods. 【题目】 31.Accordingto Dr. Curtis, habitslikehandwashingwith soap_______. ［A］should befurther cultivated ［B］shouldbechanged gradually ［C］are deeply rooted inhistory ［D］are basically privateconcerns 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.Bottled water, chewing gumandskinmoisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5so asto__. ［A］reveal their impact onpeople’shabits ［B］showthe urgent need ofdaily necessities ［C］indicatetheireffect onpeople’sbuying power ［D］manifest thesignificant roleof good habits 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1833.Whichof thefollowingdoes NOT belongto products thathelpcreate people’s habits? ［A］Tide. ［B］Crest. ［C］Colgate. ［D］Unilever. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.From thetext weknowthatsome ofconsumers’ habits are developed dueto_______. ［A］perfected art ofproducts ［B］automaticbehavior creation ［C］commercial promotions ［D］scientificexperiments 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Theauthor’sattitude towardthe influence ofadvertisementon people’s habits is_______. ［A］indifferent ［B］negative ［C］positive ［D］biased 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2010年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 19【第一段】 （1）★Many Americans regard the jury system as aconcrete expression ofcrucial democraticvalues, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts shouldrepresent theconscience of thecommunityand not just theletterof thelaw. （2）The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy （ 3 ） In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives togovern for them. 【第二段】 （1）But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted withthese democratic ideals. （2）In somestates, forexample, jury duty was limited topersons of supposedly superiorintelligence, education,and moral character. 20（ 3 ） ★ Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other anti-discrimination laws. 【第三段】 （1）Thesystem also failed to regularly include women onjuries until themid-20th century. （2）Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority ofstates made women eligible for juryduty. （3）Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have theirnames included onthejury list. （4）This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentativeof women through the 1960s. 【第四段】 21（1）In 1968,theCongress ofthe United States passed theJury Selection and Service Act, ushering in anew era ofdemocraticreforms for thejury. （2）This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from across section oftheentire community. （3）In thelandmark 1975decision Taylor v.Louisiana, theSupreme Court extended therequirement that juries berepresentative ofall parts ofthecommunity tothe statelevel. （4）The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to usethesame procedures forselecting maleand female jurors. 【题目】 36.From theprinciples ofthe US jury system, welearn that_______. ［A］both literateand illiterate people can serve onjuries ［B］defendants are immunefrom trial bytheirpeers ［C］noagelimitshould beimposed for jury service ［D］judgment shouldconsider theopinion ofthepublic 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2237.Thepractice ofselectingso-called elitejurors priorto 1968showed_______. ［A］theinadequacy ofanti-discrimination laws ［B］theprevalent discriminationagainst certain races ［C］theconflicting ideals injury selection procedures ［D］thearrogance common among theSupreme Court judges 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Even inthe1960s, women were seldomon thejury listinsome states because_______. ［A］they were automatically banned bystatelaws ［B］they fell far short oftherequired qualifications ［C］they were supposed toperform domesticduties ［D］they tended toevade publicengagement 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Afterthe Jury Selection andService Act waspassed,_______. ［A］sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutionaland hadto beabolished ［B］educational requirements became less rigid inthe selection offederal jurors ［C］jurors at thestatelevel ought tobe representativeof theentirecommunity ［D］states ought to conform to thefederal court inreforming thejury system 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2340.Indiscussing theUS jury system, the textcenters on_______. ［A］its natureand problems ［B］itscharacteristics and tradition ［C］itsproblems and their solutions ［D］its traditionand development 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2011年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）RuthSimmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outsidedirector inJanuary 2000; ayear later shebecamepresident ofBrown University. （2）For therest of thedecade she apparently managed bothroles withoutattracting much criticism. （3）But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; howcould shehave let thoseenormous bonuspayouts pass unremarked? （4）By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. （5）Thepositionwas justtaking uptoo much time, shesaid. 24【第二段】 （1）Outsidedirectors are supposed toserve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers onafirm’s board. （2）★Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence todisagree with thechief executive’sproposals. （3）If thesky, and theshare price, is falling, outsidedirectors shouldbeable to give advice based on having weathered theirowncrises. 【第三段】 （1）The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and morethan 64,000different directors between 1989and 2004. （2）Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxystatement to thenext. （3）The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise”disappearances bydirectors under theage of70. （4）They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have torestate earnings increases bynearly 20%. 25（5）The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likelyto perform worse. （6）Theeffect tended to be larger forlarger firms. （7）Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, itdoes not mean that suchdirectors are always jumpingoff asinking ship. （8）Often they “trade up,”leaving riskier, smallerfirms for larger and more stablefirms. 【第四段】 （1）But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were ontheboard at thetimeany wrongdoing occurred. （2）Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. （3）Otherwise outsidedirectors will followthe exampleofMs. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. 26【题目】 21.Accordingto Paragraph 1,Ms. Simmons wascriticized for . [A]gaining excessiveprofits [B]failing to fulfill herduty [C]refusing to makecompromises [D]leaving theboard intough times 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Welearn fromParagraph 2that outsidedirectors aresupposed to be . [A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives [C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm islikely to . [A]become morestable [B]report increased earnings [C]doless well inthestock market [D]perform worse inlawsuits 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2724.Itcan beinferred from thelastparagraph thatoutsidedirectors . [A]may stay forthe attractiveoffers from thefirm [B]have often had records ofwrongdoings inthe firm [C]are accustomed to stress-free work in thefirm [D]willdecline incentives from the firm 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Theauthor’sattitude towardthe roleof outsidedirectors is . [A]permissive [B]positive [C]scornful [D]critical 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2011年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Whateverhappened tothe death ofnewspapers? （2）Ayear agothe end seemed near. 28（3）The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. （4）Newspapers likethe San Francisco Chroniclewere chronicling their own doom. （5） America’s Federal Trade Commissionlaunched around oftalks about how tosave newspapers. （6）Shouldthey become charitablecorporations? （7）Shouldthestate subsidizethem? （8）It willhold another meeting soon. （9）But thediscussions nowseem outof date. 【第二段】 （1）In much of theworld there islittle sign of crisis. （2）German and Brazilian papers haveshrugged off therecession. （3）Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have notonly survived butoften returned to profit. （4）Not the20%profit margins that were routinea fewyears ago, but profit all thesame. 29【第三段】 （1）It has not been muchfun. （2）Manypapers stayed afloat bypushing journalistsoverboard. （3）The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. （4）Readers are paying more forslimmerproducts. （5）Somepapers even had thenerve to refuse delivery todistant suburbs. （6）Yet thesedesperate measures have proved theright ones and,sadly for manyjournalists, they can bepushed further. 【第四段】 （1）Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. （2）American papers have long been highly unusual in theirreliance onads. （3）Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for EconomicCooperation &Development (OECD). 30（4）In Japan theproportion is 35%. （5）Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much morestable. 【第五段】 （1）★The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much ofthedamage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. （2）Carand filmreviewers havegone. （3）Sohave science and general business reporters. （4）Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. （5）Newspapers are less complete as a result. （6）But completeness is nolonger a virtueinthe newspaperbusiness. 【题目】 26. By saying “Newspapers like...their own doom” (Line 3-4 , Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers . [A]neglected thesign of crisis [B]failed toget statesubsidies [C]were not charitablecorporations [D]were in adesperatesituation 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 3127.Some newspapers refused delivery to distantsuburbs probablybecause . [A]readers threatened to pay less [B]newspapers wanted to reducecosts [C]journalists reported littleabout these areas [D]subscribers complained about slimmerproducts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable becausethey . [A]havemore sources ofrevenue [B]have morebalanced newsrooms [C]are less dependent onadvertising [D]are less affected byreadership 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Whatcan beinferred fromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaper business? [A]Distinctiveness isan essential featureof newspapers. [B]Completeness is to blamefor thefailureof newspapers. [C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial rolein thenewspaper business. [D]Readers have losttheirinterest incar and filmreviews. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 3230.Themost appropriatetitle forthis text wouldbe . [A]American Newspapers: Struggling forSurvival [B]American Newspapers: Gonewith theWind [C]American Newspapers: AThriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2011年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and liningupat themarriage bureaus. 【第二段】 （1）But when it came to theirhouses, it was a timeof common senseand a belief that less could truly bemore. 33（2）During theDepression and thewar, Americans had learned tolivewith less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish. 【第三段】 （1）Economiccondition was only a stimulus forthetrend toward efficient living. （2）★The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated tothe United States before World WarII and tookupposts at American architectureschools. （3）These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but nonemore so than Mies. 【第四段】 （1）Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. （2）Elegance, hebelieved, did not derive from abundance. （3）Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we takefor granted today but thatin the1940s symbolizedthe future. 34（4）Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather thanbig and often empty. 【第五段】 （1）The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along thecity’s Gold Coast. （2）But they were popularbecause oftheir airy glass walls, theviews they afforded and theelegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at thetime. 【第六段】 （1）Thetrend toward “less”was not entirely foreign. （2）★In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20thcentury. 【第七段】 35（1）The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. （2）Aestheticeffect came from thelandscape, newmaterials and forthright detailing. （3）In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. 【题目】 31.ThepostwarAmerican housing stylelargely reflected theAmericans’ . [A]prosperity andgrowth [B]efficiency and practicality [C]restraint and confidence [D]prideandfaithfulness 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 3632.Whichof thefollowingcan beinferred fromParagraph 3abouttheBauhaus? [A]It was founded byLudwig Mies vander Rohe. [B]Its designing concept was affected byWorld WarII. [C]Most American architects used to be associated with it. [D]It had agreat influence uponAmerican architecture. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Mies held thatelegance ofarchitectural design . [A]was related to large space [B]was identified with emptiness [C]was notreliant onabundant decoration [D]was not associated with efficiency 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.Whatistrue aboutthe apartments Mies builton Chicago’s LakeShoreDrive? [A]They ignored detailsand proportions. [B]They were builtwith materials popular at that time. [C]They were morespacious than neighboring buildings. [D]They shared somecharacteristics ofabstract art. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 3735.Whatcan welearn aboutthedesignof the“Case Study Houses”? [A]Mechanical devices were widely used. [B]Natural scenes were taken intoconsideration. [C]Details were sacrificed for theoverall effect. [D]Eco-friendly materials were employed. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2011年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★ 【第一段】 （1）Willthe European Union make it? （2）Thequestion would have sounded strange not longago. （3）Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population declineand lowergrowth. 【第二段】 （1）As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use thesingle currency. 38（2）★Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members thequick fix ofdevaluation. 【第三段】 （1）Yet thedebate about howto saveEurope’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. （2）It isstuck because theeuro zone’s dominantpowers, France and Germany, agree ontheneed for greaterharmonisation withintheeuro zone, butdisagree about what to harmonise. 【第四段】 （1）Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed byquasi-automatic sanctions for governments that donot obey. （2）These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even thesuspension ofacountry’s votingrights in EU ministerial councils. （3）★It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is asmall majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, asmall majority favour French interference. 39【第五段】 （1）A “southern” camp headed by Frence wants something different: “European economic government” withinan innercore ofeuro-zone members. （2）★ Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds orcomplete fiscal transfers. （3）Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labourcosts. 【第六段】 （1）It istoo soon to writeoff theEU. （2）It remains the world’s largest trading block. （3）At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparabletrading area. 40（4）It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign. 【题目】 36.TheEUis faced with somany problems that . [A]ithas more orless lost faith in markets [B]even itssupporters begin tofeel concerned [C]someofits member countries planto abandon euro [D]itintends to deny thepossibility ofdevaluation 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Thedebateover theEU’s singlecurrency isstuck becausethe dominantpowers . [A]are competing for theleading position [B]are busy handling theirown crises [C]fail to reach an agreement onharmonisation [D]disagree onthesteps towards disintegration 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 4138.To solvethe euro problem, Germany proposedthat . [A]EUfunds for poorregions be increased [B]stricter regulations be imposed [C]only core members beinvolved in economicco-ordination [D]votingrights oftheEU members be guaranteed 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.TheFrench proposalofhandlingthe crisis implies that . [A]poorcountries are more likely to get funds [B]strict monetary policy willbeapplied topoor countries [C]loans will bereadily availableto rich countries [D]rich countries willbasically control Eurobonds 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Regarding thefuture oftheEU, theauthorseems to feel . [A]pessimistic [B]desperate [C]conceited [D]hopeful 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 422012年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years ithas beenparticularly scorned. （2）School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinkingonthiseducational ritual. （3）★Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academicgrade. 【第二段】 （1）This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing theirhomework. （2）But thepolicy is unclear and contradictory. 43（3）Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot dowithout expensiveequipment. （4）But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered forpoor children. 【第三段】 （1）District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed toassign as muchofit as they want. （2）★But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip halftheirhomework and see very littledifference ontheirreport cards. （3）Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about thestudents who performed well onthe testsand didtheir homework? （4）It isquitepossiblethat thehomework helped. 44（5）Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposesa flat, across-the-board rule. 【第四段】 （1）At thesametime, thepolicy addresses none ofthetruly thorny questions about homework. （2）If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should movetoreduce oreliminatetheassignments, not make them count foralmost nothing. （3）Conversely, ifhomework matters, it should account forasignificant portion ofthegrade. （4）★Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willingto review and correct. 【第五段】 （1）The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for settingeducational policy, looks into thematterand conducts publichearings. （2）It isnot toolatefor L.A. Unified to dohomework right. 45【题目】 21.Itis implied inParagraph 1thatnowadays homework . [A]isreceiving more criticism [B]is gaining morepreferences [C]is nolongeran educational ritual [D]isnot required for advanced courses 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.L.A. Unifiedhas madethe ruleabouthomework mainlybecause poorstudents . [A]tend to havemoderate expectations for theireducation [B]have asked foradifferent educational standard [C]may have problems finishing theirhomework [D]havevoiced theircomplaints about homework 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Accordingto Paragraph 3,oneproblemwith thepolicy is thatitmay . [A]result in students’ indifferenceto their report cards [B]undermine theauthority ofstatetests [C]restrict teachers’ power ineducation [D]discourage students from doing homework 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 4624.As mentioned inParagraph 4,akey question unanswered abouthomeworkis whether . [A]itshould beeliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extraburdens onteachers [D]itis important forgrades 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Asuitabletitle forthistext could be . [A]AFaulty Approach toHomework [B]AWelcomed Policy forPoor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]WrongInterpretations ofan Educational Policy 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2012年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasivein ouryoung girls’lives. 47（2）It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny sliceof the rainbow and, though it may celebrategirlhood inone way, it also repeatedly and firmlyfuses girls’identity toappearance. （3）Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent butas evidence of innocence. （4）Looking around, I despaired at thesingular lack ofimagination about girls’lives andinterests. 【第二段】 （1）Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according toJo Paoletti,an associate professor ofAmerican Studies, itis not. （2）★Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. （3）What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought ofas gender-neutral dresses. （4）When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered themore masculine colour, apastel version ofred, which was associated withstrength. 48（5）Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. （6）★It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractiveto girls, part ofwhat defined them as female, at least forthe first few critical years. 【第三段】 （1）I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, includingourcore beliefs about their psychological development. （2）Take thetoddler. （3）I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. （4）Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as amarketing trick byclothing manufacturers in the1930s. 【第四段】 49（1）Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should createa “third stepping stone”between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. （2）It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. （3）Splittingkids, oradults, into ever-tiniercategories has proved asure-fire way to boostprofits. （4）And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist. 【题目】 26.By saying “itis...therainbow”(Line3, Para.1), theauthormeans pink . [A]cannot explain girls’lack ofimagination [B]should notbe associated with girls’ innocence [C]should notbe thesolerepresentation ofgirlhood [D]cannot influence girls’lives and interests 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 5027.Accordingto Paragraph 2,whichofthe followingis true ofcolours? [A]Coloursare encoded ingirls’ DNA. [B]Blue used toberegarded as thecolour for girls. [C]Whiteis preferred bybabies. [D]Pinkused tobea neutral colourinsymbolizinggenders. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28. The author suggests that our perception of children’s psychological development was much influencedby . [A]theobservation of children’snature [B]themarketing ofproducts for children [C]researches intochildren’s behaviour [D]studiesof childhood consumption 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Wemay learn from Paragraph 4thatdepartment stores were advisedto . [A]classify consumers intosmaller groups [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]focus oninfant wear and olderkids’clothes [D]createsomecommon shoppers’terms 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 5130.Itcan beconcludedthatgirls’attraction to pinkseems tobe . [A]fullyunderstood byclothing manufacturers [B]clearly explained bytheirinborn tendency [C]mainly imposed byprofit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted bypsychological experts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2012年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）In 2010,afederal judge shook America’sbiotech industry toits core. （2）Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005some 20% ofhuman genes were patented. （3）But in March 2010ajudge ruled that genes were unpatentable. （4）Executiveswere violentlyagitated. 52（5）The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was justa “preliminary step”inalongerbattle. 【第二段】 （1）On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. （2）A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holdpatents to two genes that helpforecast awoman’s risk ofbreast cancer. （3）The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. 【第三段】 （1）But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. （2）TheMyriad case itselfisprobably not over. （3）★Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access togenetic tests such as Myriad’s. 53（4）Agrowing number seem to agree. （5）Last year afederal task-force urgedreform for patents related to genetic tests. （6）In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds”. 【第四段】 （1）Despitetheappeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. （2）For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individualgenes within it. （3）Thecase may yet reach theSupreme Court. 【第五段】 （1）As theindustry advances, however, othersuitsmay have an even greater impact. （2）Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented orin thepublicdomain. 54（3）Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine thecauses ofdisease orpredict adrug’s efficacy. （4）Companies are eager towin patents for “connecting the dots”,explainsHans Sauer, a lawyer for theBIO. 【第六段】 （1）Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which theSupreme Court willhear in its next term. （2）The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. （3）Each meeting was packed. 【题目】 31.Itcan belearned fromParagraph 1thatthe biotech companies wouldlike . [A]genes to bepatentable [B]theBIO to issuea warning [C]theirexecutives to beactive [D]judges torule out gene patenting 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 5532.Thosewhoare againstgene patents believethat . [A]genetictests are not reliable [B]only man-made products are patentable [C]patents ongenes depend much oninnovation [D]courts should restrict access to genetic tests 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Accordingto Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for . [A]discovering gene interactions [B]establishing disease correlations [C]drawing pictures of genes [D]identifying human DNA 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.By saying “Eachmeeting waspacked”(Line4, Para.6), the authormeans that . [A]theSupreme Court was authoritative [B]theBIO was apowerful organization [C]gene patenting was agreat concern [D]lawyers were keen to attend conventions 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 5635.Generally speaking, theauthor’s attitudetoward genepatenting is . [A]critical [B]supportive [C]scornful [D]objective 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2012年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Thegreat recession may be over, but this era ofhigh joblessness is probably beginning. （2）Before itends, itwill likely change thelifecourse and character ofageneration ofyoung adults. （3）And ultimately, itis likely toreshape our politics, our culture, and thecharacter ofour society for years. 【第二段】 （1）No onetries harder than thejobless to find silverlinings in this national economicdisaster. 57（2）★Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles ofothers. （3）In limited respects, perhaps therecession willleave society better off. （4）At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era ofreckless personal spending. 【第三段】 （1）But for themostpart, thesebenefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. （2）★ In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped orreversed theadvanceof rights andfreedoms. （3）Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. 58【第四段】 （1）Income inequality usuallyfalls during arecession, but it has notshrunk inthis one. （2）Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunitiesto cross them—especiallyfor young people. （3）The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in bettertimes; itis themasses beneath them that are left behind. 【第五段】 （1）In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden withinAmerican society. （2）More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. （3）In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national pollson social conflict sincethen haveshown mixed results. 59（4）Wewillhave to wait and see exactly howthesehard times willreshape oursocial fabric. （5）But they certainly will reshape it, and all themore so thelongertheyextend. 【题目】 36. By saying “to find silver linings”（Line1, Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to . [A]seek subsidies from the government [B]make profits from thetroubled economy [C]explorereasons for theunemployment [D]lookonthe bright sideof therecession 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Accordingto Paragraph 2,therecession hasmadepeople . [A]struggle against each other [B]realize thenational dream [C]challenge their prudence [D]reconsider theirlifestyle 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 6038.Benjamin Friedman believes thateconomic recessions may . [A]imposea heavier burden onimmigrants [B]bring out moreevils of human nature [C]promotetheadvance ofrights and freedoms [D]ease conflicts between races andclasses 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tendto . [A]lag behindtheothers dueto decreased opportunities [B]catch upquickly with experienced employees [C]see theirlifechances as dimmed as theothers’ [D]recovermore quickly than theothers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Theauthorthinks that theinfluenceofhardtimes on society is . [A]trivial [B]positive [C]certain [D]destructive 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 612013年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has onlytwo employees today, “amanand a dog. （2）Theman is there to feed thedog, and thedogis there to keep theman away from themachines.” 【第二段】 （1）★Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are morerapidly than ever replacing laborwith machines orforeign workers. 【第三段】 （1）In thepast, workers with average skills,doing an average job, could earnan average lifestyle. 62（2）But, today, average is officially over. （3）Being average justwon’tearn you what itused to. （4）It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation andcheap genius. （5）Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out inwhatever is theirfield of employment. 【第四段】 （1）Yes, new technology has beeneating jobs forever, and always will. （2）But there’s been an acceleration. （3）As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6million intotal—disappeared.” 【第五段】 （1）There willalways bechange—newjobs, new products, new services. 63（2）But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. 【第六段】 （1）★In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access topost-high school education. 【题目】 21.ThejokeinParagraph 1is usedto illustrate . [A]theimpact oftechnological advances [B]thealleviation of jobpressure [C]theshrinkage oftextilemills [D]thedecline ofmiddle-class incomes 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 6422.Accordingto Paragraph 3,to beasuccessfulemployee, onehasto . [A]work oncheap software [B]ask for amoderate salary [C]adopt an averagelifestyle [D]contributesomething unique 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Thequotation inParagraph 4explainsthat . [A]gains oftechnology have been erased [B]job opportunities are disappearing at ahigh speed [C]factories are makingmuch less money than before [D]newjobs and services have been offered 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Accordingto the author, toreduce unemployment, themost important is . [A]toaccelerate theI. T. revolution [B]to ensure moreeducation forpeople [C]to advance economic globalization [D]topass morebillsin the21st century 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 6525.Whichof thefollowingwouldbethe mostappropriatetitle forthetext? [A]NewLaw Takes Effect. [B]Technology Goes Cheap. [C]Average Is Over. [D]Recession Is Bad. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2013年Text2 文章主题： 微信公众号：再来一杯柠檬水 免费提供 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Acentury ago, theimmigrants from across theAtlanticincluded settlers and sojourners. （2）Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had nointention to stay, and who would make somemoney and then go home. （3）Between 1908and 1915,about 7million people arrived whileabout 2million departed. （4）About aquarter of allItalian immigrants, forexample, eventually returned toItaly for good. 66（5）They even hadan affectionate nickname, “uccellidi passaggio,” birds ofpassage. 【第二段】 （1）Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. （2）Wedividenewcomers into two categories: legal orillegal, good orbad. （3）Wehailthem as Americans inthe making, orbrand them as aliens to be kicked out. （4）That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long politicalparalysis over howto fix it. （5）Wedon’t needmore categories, but we need to change theway we thinkabout categories. （6）Weneed to lookbeyond strict definitions oflegal and illegal. （7）To start, we canrecognizethenew birds ofpassage, thoseliving and thrivinginthegray areas. （8）Wemight then begin to solveourimmigration challenges. 【第三段】 67（1）Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are amongtoday’s birds ofpassage. （2）They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. （3）They prefer to comeand go as opportunitycalls them. （4）They can manage tohave ajob in oneplace and afamily in another. 【第四段】 （1）With orwithout permission,they straddlelaws, jurisdictionsandidentities withease. （2）We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while withoutcommittingthemselves to staying forever. （3）We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably. 【第五段】 （1）Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of theimmigration battle. 68（2）★Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, includingsome that are noteasy to accomplish legally in theexisting system. 【题目】 26.“Birdsof passage”refers to those who . [A]immigrate across theAtlantic [B]leave theirhome countries forgood [C]stay in aforeign country temporarily [D]find permanent jobsoverseas 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Itis implied inParagraph 2thatthe current immigration system inthe US . [A]needs new immigrant categories [B]has loosened control over immigrants [C]should beadapted tomeet challenges [D]has been fixed viapolitical means 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 6928.Accordingto the author, today’s birdsofpassagewant . [A]financial incentives [B]aglobal recognition [C]opportunities to get regular jobs [D]thefreedom to stay and leave 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Theauthorsuggests thatthe birdsof passagetodayshould betreated . [A]as faithful partners [B]with economic favors [C]with legal tolerance [D]as mighty rivals 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Themost appropriatetitle forthis text wouldbe . [A]Comeand Go: Big Mistake [B]Living and Thriving: Great Risk [C]With orWithout: Great Risk [D]Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 702013年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. 【第二段】 （1）Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, ourbrains and bodies are hard-wired toreact very quickly, within milliseconds. （2）But we need moretimeto assess otherfactors. （3）To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. （4）It takes a whileto judge complex aspects ofpersonality, likeneuroticism oropen-mindedness. 【第三段】 （1）But snap decisions inreaction torapid stimuli aren’t exclusiveto theinterpersonal realm. 71（2）Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20percent faster, even though reading has littletodowith eating. （3）We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whateverelse we’redoing. （4）Subjects exposedto fast-food flashes also tend to think amusical piece lasts toolong. 【第四段】 （1）Yet we can reverse such influences. （2）If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a momentbefore buying. （3）If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hireoutsidescreeners. 【第五段】 （1）John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably onlyafter weground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. 72（2）When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his islandretreat fora much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds. 【第六段】 （1）Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about thefuture only intermittentlyor forafew minutes. （2）But historically we have spent about 12percent ofour days contemplating thelonger term. （3）Although technology might change theway we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. （4）Westillhave theimaginative capacityto rise abovetemptation and reverse thehigh-speed trend. 【题目】 31.Thetimeneeded in makingdecisionsmay . [A]vary according totheurgency of thesituation [B]prove thecomplexity ofour brain reaction [C]depend ontheimportance oftheassessment [D]predeterminetheaccuracy of ourjudgment 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 7332.Ourreaction to afast-foodlogo shows thatsnapdecisions . [A]can be associative [B]are not unconscious [C]can bedangerous [D]are notimpulsive 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.To reversethe negativeinfluences ofsnapdecisions, weshould . [A]trustour first impression [B]doas people usually do [C]think before we act [D]ask forexpert advice 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.JohnGottman says thatreliable snapreactionsare based on . [A]critical assessment [B]“thin sliced” study [C]sensibleexplanation [D]adequate information 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 7435.Theauthor’sattitude towardreversing the high-speed trend is . [A]tolerant [B]uncertain [C]optimistic [D]doubtful 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2013年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Europe isnot agender-equality heaven. （2）★In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. （3）Indeed, women hold only 14percent ofpositionsonEuropean corporateboards. 【第二段】 （1）The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion ofwomen—upto 60percent. 75（2）Thisproposed mandate was born offrustration. （3）Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. （4）Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 percent female board membership. （5）But her appeal was considered afailure: only24companies tookitup. 【第三段】 （1）Do weneed quotas to ensure that women can continueto climb thecorporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family? 【第四段】 （1）“Personally, I don’t likequotas,”Reding said recently. （2）“But Ilikewhat thequotas do.” （3）Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. 【第五段】 76（1）Iunderstand Reding’s reluctance—andher frustration. （2）I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. （3）But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairerworld mustbetemporarily ordered. 【第六段】 （1）After all, fourdecades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as theUS are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much “soft pressure” isput uponthem. （2）★When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exceptionto therule. 【第七段】 （1）★If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living ina morejust society. 77【题目】 36.IntheEuropean corporateworkplace, generally . [A]women take thelead [B]men have thefinal say [C]corporate governance isoverwhelmed [D]seniormanagement isfamily-friendly 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.TheEuropean Union’s intended legislationis . [A]areflection of gender balance [B]areluctant choice [C]aresponse to Reding’s call [D]avoluntary action 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Accordingto Reding, quotas may helpwomen . [A]get top businesspositions [B]see through theglass ceiling [C]balance work andfamily [D]anticipatelegal results 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 7839.Theauthor’sattitude towardReding’s appealis oneof . [A]skepticism [B]objectiveness [C]indifference [D]approval 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Women entering topmanagement become headlines duetothe lack of . [A]moresocial justice [B]massivemedia attention [C]suitablepublicpolicies [D]greater “soft pressure” 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2014年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Whatwould you dowith $590m? （2）This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed housein Florida to collect thebiggest undivided lottery jackpot inhistory. 79（3）If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money byElizabeth Dunn andMichael Norton. 【第二段】 （1）These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways tospend moneycan becounterintuitive. （2）Fantasies ofgreat wealth often involvevisionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. （3）Yet satisfaction withthese material purchases wears off fairly quickly. （4）Whatwas once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. （5）It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips,unique meals oreven going to thecinema. （6）These purchases often become morevaluable with time—as stories ormemories—particularly if they involvefeeling moreconnected toothers. 【第三段】 80（1）This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bangfor your buck.” （2）★It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months ayear doing, and ishardly jollierfor it). （3）Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable whenthey are consumed sparingly. （4）This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned thepork sandwich into an object ofobsession. 【第四段】 （1）Readers ofHappy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger. （2）Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than thosein poorones. 81（3）★Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poorpeople around the world, and scarcity enhances thepleasure ofmostthings for mostpeople. （4）Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday timeto reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. （5）But most peoplewill comeaway from thisbookbelieving itwas money well spent. 【题目】 21.Accordingto Dunn andNorton, which ofthefollowing is themostrewarding purchase? [A]Abig house. [B]Aspecial tour. [C]Astylish car. [D]Arich meal. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Theauthor’sattitude towardAmericans’ watching TVis_____. [A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 8223.McRib is mentioned inParagraph 3to showthat_____. [A]consumers are sometimes irrational [B]popularity usually comes after quality [C]marketing tricks are often effective [D]rarity generally increases pleasure 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Accordingto the lastparagraph,HappyMoney_____. [A]has left much room for readers’criticism [B]may prove to bea worthwhilepurchase [C]has predicted a widerincome gap in theUS [D]may give itsreaders asense ofachievement 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Thistext mainlydiscusses howto____. [A]balance feeling good and spending money [B]spend large sums ofmoney won inlotteries [C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D]become morereasonablein spending onluxuries 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 832014年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you thinkyou’remore beautiful than you are. （2）We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. （3）★Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect,” or “illusory superiority,” and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities. 【第二段】 （1）Werose-tint ourmemories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. （2）We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. （3）Westalkaround thinkingwe’re hot stuff. 84【第三段】 （1）Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self- enhancement and attractiveness. （2）★Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph ofthemselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appearmore and less attractive. （3）Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with littleor noapparent conscious deliberation.” （4）If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. 【第四段】 （1）Epley found nosignificant gender difference in responses. （2）★Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. 85（3）In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with thosewho showed othermarkers for having higher self-esteem. （4）“Idon’t thinkthe findings that we have are any evidence ofpersonal delusion,”says Epley. “It’s areflection simply ofpeople generallythinking well ofthemselves.” （5）If you are depressed, you won’t beself-enhancing. 【第五段】 （1）★Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally—on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. （2）Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos,thecream oftheir wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. （ 3 ） It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealised version ofthemselves. ” 【题目】 8626.Accordingto the firstparagraph, social psychologists havefoundthat ____. [A]ourself-ratings are unrealistically high [B]illusory superiority is baseless effect [C]ourneed for leadership is unnatural [D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Visualrecognitionis believed to bepeople’s_____. [A]rapid watching [B]conscious choice [C]intuitiveresponse [D]automaticself-defence 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Epleyfound thatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtended to_____. [A]underestimate theirinsecurities [B]believe in theirattractiveness [C]cover uptheirdepressions [D]oversimplify theirillusions 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 8729.Theword “viscerally”(Line2, Para. 5) isclosest inmeaning to_____. [A]instinctively [B]occasionally [C]particularly [D]aggressively 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Itcan beinferred thatFacebook is aself-enhancer’s paradisebecausepeoplecan_____. [A]present their dishonestprofiles [B]define theirtraditional lifestyles [C]share theirintellectual pursuits [D]withholdtheirunflattering sides 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2014年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be mostacutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. 88（2）And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of aboom and bust cycle. （3）Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded bymachines. （4）Sincetechnology has such an insatiableappetitefor eating uphuman jobs, thisphenomenon will continueto restructure oureconomy in ways we can't immediately foresee. 【第二段】 （1）★When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to beimmunefrom automation suddenly become threatened. （2）This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business. 【第三段】 （1）Thisis a powerful argument, and ascary one. 89（2）And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfeemiss thereason why these jobsare so vulnerable to technology in thefirst place. 【第四段】 （1）Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave noroom for“individualinitiativeorcreativity.” （2）In short, these are thetypes ofjobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. （3）That is howwe haveput a giant target sign onthebacks ofAmerican workers, Hagel says. 【第五段】 （1）★It’s timetoreinvent theformula for howwork is conducted, since weare stillrelying onavery 20thcentury notion ofwork, Hagel says. （2）In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can takeinitiativeand exercise theirimagination “to respond to unexpected events.” （3）That's not something machines are good at. 90（4）They are designed toperform very predictable activities. 【第六段】 （1）As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched onthis pointin their book. （2）Weneed to reframe race against themachine as racewith themachine. （3）In other words, we need to lookat the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replaceit. （4）So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutionsand ourwork practices?” 【题目】 31.Accordingto the firstparagraph, economic downturnswould_____. [A]ease thecompetitionof man vs. machine [B]highlight machines’threat tohuman jobs [C]provoke apainful technological revolution [D]outmodeourcurrent economic structure 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 9132.TheauthorsofRace Againstthe Machinearguethat_____. [A]technology is diminishingman’s job opportunities [B]automation is accelerating technological development [C]certain jobs willremain intact after automation [D]man willfinally win the race against machine 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Hagel argues thatjobs in theU.S.are often_____. [A]performed byinnovativeminds [B]scripted withan individualstyle [C]standardized without aclear target [D]designed against human creativity 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.Accordingto the lastparagraph,Brynjolfsson andMcAfee discussed_____. [A]thepredictability ofmachine behavior in practice [B]theformula forhow work is conducted efficiently [C]theways machines replace human labor inmodern times [D]thenecessity of humaninvolvementin theworkplace 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 9235.Whichof thefollowingcouldbethe most appropriatetitle forthetext? [A]Howto Innovate OurWork Practices? [B]Machines Will Replace Human Labor [C]Can WeWintheRace Against Machines? [D]EconomicDownturns Stimulate Innovations 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2014年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually onroads, railways, broadband and energy. （2）Housing isseldom mentioned. 【第二段】 （1）Whyis that? （2）To someextentthehousing sector mustshoulder theblame. （3）We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economicgrowth. 93（4）Then there is thescale ofthetypical housingproject. （5）It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitablethat theattention is focused elsewhere. （6）But perhaps themost significant reason is that theissuehas always been sopolitically charged. 【第三段】 （1）Nevertheless, theaffordable housing situationis desperate. （2）Waitinglistsincrease allthe timeand we are simplynot buildingenough new homes. 【第四段】 （1）Thecomprehensivespending review offers an opportunity forthegovernment tohelp rectify this. （2）It needs toput historical prejudices to onesideand takesomesteps to address oururgent housing need. 【第五段】 （1）There are someindications that itis preparing todojustthat. 94（2）The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against theirhousing stock debt. （3）Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by0.6%. 【第六段】 （1）Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues. 【第七段】 （1）But it is notjust down to thegovernment. （2）★While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikelyto be extended beyond then. 95（3）The Labour Party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans ifit returns to power. （4）The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale publicgrants. （5）Weneed to adjust to thischanging climate. 【第八段】 （1）While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need formore affordable housingis real and is not going away. 【题目】 36.Theauthorbelieves thatthehousing sector_____. [A]has attracted muchattention [B]involves certain political factors [C]shoulders too much responsibility [D]has lostits real valuein economy 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 9637.Itcan belearned thataffordable housinghas_____. [A]increased its homesupply [B]offered spending opportunities [C]suffered government biases [D]disappointed thegovernment 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Accordingto Paragraph 5,George Osbornemay_____. [A]allowgreatergovernment debt for housing [B]stop local authorities from buildinghomes [C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D]release alifted GDP growth forecast 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Itcan beinferred thatastablerental environmentwould_____. [A]lowerthecosts of registered providers [B]lessen the impact ofgovernment interference [C]contributeto funding new developments [D]relieve theministers ofresponsibilities 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 9740.Theauthorbelieves thatafter2015,the governmentmay_____. [A]implementmore policies tosupport housing [B]review theneed forlarge-scale publicgrants [C]renew the affordablehousing grants programme [D]stopgenerous funding to thehousing sector 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2015年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. （2）Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and whilethey were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to beaplace ofrefuge. 【第二段】 （1）“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels ofstress at work thanat home,”writes oneoftheresearchers, Sarah Damaske. 98（2）In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at homethanat work.” （3）Another surprise isthat thefindings hold true forboth thosewith children and without,but more so fornonparents. （4）Thisis why peoplewho work outsidethehomehave betterhealth. 【第三段】 （1）★What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether itis household work orwork brought homefrom theoffice. （2）For many men,theend oftheworkday is atimeto kick back. （3）For women who stay home, they never get toleave theoffice. （4）And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. （5）★With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustmentsfor working women, it’s notsurprising that women are morestressed at home. 99【第四段】 （1）But it’s not justa gender thing. （2）At work, peoplepretty muchknow what they’re supposed to bedoing: working, making money, doingthe tasks they have todoin order to draw an income. （3）The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws outlife-sustaining moola. 【第五段】 （1）On thehomefront, however, people havenosuch clarity. （2）Rare isthehousehold in which thedivisionoflabor isso clinically andmethodically laid out. （3）There are a lotoftasks to bedone, there are inadequate rewards for mostof them. （4）Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it,or ifthey’re teenagers, threatened with completeremoval ofall electronicdevices. （5）Plus,they’re your family. 100（6）You cannot fireyour family. （7）You never really get to go homefrom home. 【第六段】 （1）Soit’s not surprising that peopleare morestressed at home. （2）Not onlyare thetasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate. 【题目】 21.Accordingto Paragraph 1,mostprevious surveys foundthathome _____. [A]offered greater relaxation than theworkplace. [B]was anideal place for stress measurement. [C]generated morestress than theworkplace. [D]was anunrealisticplace forrelaxation. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Accordingto Damaske, who arelikely to bethehappiest athome? [A]Workingmothers. [B]Childless husbands. [C]Working fathers. [D]Childless wives. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 10123.Theblurringof working women’s roles refers tothefactthat . [A]theirhomeis also aplace for kicking back [B]they are both bread winners andhousewives [C]there is often much housework left behind [D]itis difficult for them toleave their office 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Theword “moola”(Para. 4)most probablymeans . [A]skills [B]energy [C]earnings [D]nutrition 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Thehome frontdiffers fromtheworkplace inthat . [A]family laboris often adequately rewarded [B]homeis hardly a cozierworking environment [C]householdtasks are generally more motivating [D]divisionoflabor at homeis seldom clear-cut 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1022015年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent witha collegedegree—lag other studentsona range ofeducation achievement factors. （2）Theirgrades are lowerand theirdropout rates are higher. （3）★But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities havepushed fordecades to recruit more ofthem. （4）★This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in thejournal Psychological Science. 【第二段】 103（1）But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and otherstudents. 【第三段】 （1）The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving147students (who completed theproject) at an unnamed private university. （2）First generation was defined as not having aparent with afour-year college degree. （3）Mostofthe first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients ofPell Grants, afederal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least oneparent with a four-yeardegree. 【第四段】 104（1）Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about howto deal with theissues that face mostcollege students. （2）They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to closetheachievement gap. 【第五段】 （1）Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn the‘rules of thegame,’ andtake advantage ofcollege resources,”they write. （2）And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages ofdifferent groups of students. （3）”Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge howsocial class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and donotunderstand how students‘likethem’can improve.” 【题目】 10526.Recruitingmore first-generation students has . [A]reduced theirdropout rates [B]narrowed theachievement gap [C]missed itsoriginal purpose [D]depressed college students 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Theauthorsofthe research article areoptimistic because . [A]theirfindings appeal tostudents [B]therecruiting rate has increased [C]theproblem is solvable [D]theirapproach is costless 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Thestudysuggests thatmost first-generation students . [A]are from single-parent families [B]study at private universities [C]are inneed offinancial support [D]havefailed theircollege 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 10629.Theauthorsofthe paperbelievethatfirst-generation students . [A]may lack opportunities toapply for research projects [B]are inexperienced in handling theirissues at college [C]can have apotential influence onotherstudents [D]are actually indifferent to theachievement gap 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Wemay infer fromthelastparagraph that . [A]universities often reject theculture ofthemiddle-class [B]students are usually to blamefortheir lack of resources [C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences [D]colleges are partly responsiblefor theproblem in question 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1072015年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. （2）Shestarted spinning offexamples. （3）“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent useof terms likejourney, mission,passion. （4）There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; wedidn’t talk about passion.” 【第二段】 （1）Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”- oriented—and not bycoincidence. （2）“Let’s notforget sports—inmale-dominated corporate America, it’s stilla big deal. 108（3）It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in thistogether. （4）There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and thisis theirteam and they want towin.” 【第三段】 （1）These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, pointsout, increase allegiance to thefirm. （2）“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana. 【第四段】 （1）This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly louddebates over work-life balance. （2）The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in itsown right. 109（3）Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between theoffice and the home. （4）But if your work is your “passion”, you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going homefor dinnerand then working long after thekids are in bed. 【第五段】 （1）But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend onit, and regular people willingly absorb it. （2）As a linguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsenseat thesame timethat you buy intoit.” （3） In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure outhow you relate toyour work—and howyour work defines whoyou are. 【题目】 11031.Accordingto Nancy Koehn, officelanguagehasbecome . [A]less strategic [B]less energetic [C]more objective [D]moreemotional 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to . [A]sportsculture [B]gender difference [C]historical incidents [D]athleticexecutives 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Khurana believes thattheimportation ofterminologyaims to . [A]revivehistorical terms [B]promotecompany image [C]foster corporatecooperation [D]strengthen employee loyalty 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 11134.Itcan beinferred thatLean In . [A]voices for working women [B]appeals to passionateworkaholics [C]triggers debates among mommies [D]praises motivated employees 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Whichof thefollowingstatements istrue aboutofficespeak? [A]Linguists believe ittobenonsense. [B]Regular peoplemockit but accept it. [C]Companies find it tobe fundamental. [D]Managers admireit but avoid it. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2015年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along withthe dropin theunemployment rate to6.1percent, as good news. Andthey were right. （2）For nowit appears theeconomy is creating jobs at adecent pace. 112（3）We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally movingforward at afaster pace. 【第二段】 （1）However, there is anotherimportant part ofthejobs picture that was largely overlooked. （2）There was a big jumpin thenumber ofpeople who report voluntarily working part-time. （3）Thisfigure is now830,000(4.4 percent)above itsyear ago level. 【第三段】 （1）Before explaining theconnection tothe Obamacare, itis worth making an important distinction. （2）Manypeople who work part-time jobsactually want full-timejobs. （3）They take part-timework because this is allthey can get. （4）An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will behaving avery hard timemakingends meet. 【第四段】 113（1）There was an increaseininvoluntary part-time inJune, but thegeneral direction has beendown. （2）Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent) from its year ago level. 【第五段】 （1）We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because peopletell us. （2）The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. （3）If the answer is“yes,”they are classified as working part-time. （4）The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted towork less than full timeorbecause they hadnochoice. （5）They are onlyclassified as voluntary part-timeworkers if they tellthe survey taker they chose to work less than 35hours aweek. 【第六段】 114（1）The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allowpeopleto get insurance outsideof employment. （2）For many people, especiallythose withserious health conditions orfamily members withserious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. 【第七段】 （1）However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or theexchanges. （2）★These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. （3）With Obamacare there is nolonger alink between employment and insurance. 【题目】 11536.Whichpart ofthejobs picturewasneglected? [A]Theprospect ofathriving job market. [B]The increase of voluntarypart-time jobs. [C]The possibilityof fullemployment. [D]Theacceleration ofjobcreation. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Many peoplework part-time becausethey . [A]preferpart-time jobstofull-timejobs [B]feel that is enough to makeends meet [C]cannot get theirhands onfull-timejobs [D]haven’tseen theweakness ofthemarket 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Involuntary part-time employment inthe US . [A]shows ageneral tendency of decline [B]is hardertoacquire than one year ago [C]satisfies thereal need ofthe jobless [D]islower than before therecession 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 11639.Itcan belearned thatwith Obamacare, . [A]itis nolongereasy for part-timers to get insurance [B]full-timeemployment is still essential forinsurance [C]it isstillchallenging to get insurance for familymembers [D]employment is nolonger apreconditiontoget insurance 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Thetextmainly discusses . [A]employment in theUS [B]part-timer classification [C]insurance through Medicaid [D]Obamacare’s trouble 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1172016年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）It’s true thathigh-school codingclasses aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. （2）Students withoutexperience can catch upafter a fewintroductory courses, said TomCortina, the assistant dean at CarnegieMellon’s School ofComputerScience. 【第二段】 （1）However, Cortinasaid, early exposureis beneficial. （2）★When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless stringof letters and numbers—but atool to buildapps,or createartwork, or testhypotheses. （3）It’s not as hard forthem to transform theirthought processes as it isfor older students. （4）Breaking down problems intobite-sized chunks and using codeto solvethem becomes normal. 118（5）Givingmore children thistraining could increase thenumber ofpeopleinterested in thefield and help fill thejobsgap, Cortinasaid. 【第三段】 （1）Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away. 【第四段】 （1）The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular foradults lookingfor a career change. （2）The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. （3）For instance, one oftheapps thestudents are developing suggests movies based onyour mood. 【第五段】 （1）The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. 119（2）Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not evenbe relevant bythetimethey enter thejob market. （3）But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results— apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina. 【第六段】 （1）Indeed, theFlatiron studentsmight not go intoIT at all. （2）But creating a future army ofcoders is not thesolepurpose oftheclasses. （3）These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—forthe rest oftheirlives. （4）Theyounger they learn howcomputers think,howtocoax themachine into producing what they want—theearlier they learn that they have thepower to dothat—thebetter. 【题目】 12021.Cortina holds thatearly exposureto computer science makes iteasier to____. [A]completefuture job training [B]remodel theway ofthinking [C]formulate logical hypotheses [D] perfect artwork production 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Indelivering lessons forhigh-schoolers, Flatiron hasconsidered their____. [A]experience [B]interest [C]career prospects [D] academicbackgrounds 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Deborah Seehorn believes thatthe skillslearned atFlatiron will____. [A]help students learn other computer languages [B]have to beupgraded when new technologies come [C]need improvingwhen students look forjobs [D] enable studentsto make big quick money 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 12124.Accordingto the lastparagraph,Flatiron students are expected to____. [A]bring forth innovativecomputer technologies [B]stay longer inthe information technology industry [C]become better prepared for thedigitalized world [D] competewith a futurearmy ofprogrammers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Theword “coax” (Para.6) is closest inmeaning to____. [A]persuade [B]frighten [C]misguide [D] challenge 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1222016年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. （2）But just some22,000birds remain today, occupying about 16% ofthespecies’ historicrange. 【第二段】 （1）The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally listthebird as threatened. （2）“The lesserprairie chicken is in adesperatesituation,” saidUSFWS DirectorDaniel Ashe. （3）Someenvironmentalists, however, were disappointed. （4）They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down onthreats. 123（5）But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. （6）In particular, they called for forging closer collaborationswith western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% oftheprairie chicken’s habitat. 【第三段】 （1）Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management planto restoreprairie chicken habitat. （2）Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres ofsuitablehabitat. （3）Thefund willalso be usedto compensatelandowners whoset asidehabitat. 124（4）USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations toan annual average of 67,000birds overthe next 10years. （5）And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of stateagencies, the jobofmonitoring progress. （6）Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said. 【第四段】 （1）Not everyonebuys thewin-win rhetoric. （2）Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging itinfederal court. （3）★Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists sayit doesn’t go far enough “Thefederal government is giving responsibility for managing thebird to thesameindustries that are pushing ittoextinction,” says biologist JayLininger. 125【题目】 26.Themajorreason forlisting thelesser prairiechicken as threatened is____. [A]itsdrastically decreased population [B]theunderestimateof thegrassland acreage [C]adesperate appeal from somebiologists [D] theinsistenceofprivate landowners 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.The “threatened” tag disappointed someenvironmentalists inthatit_____. [A]was agive-in to governmental pressure [B]would involvefewer agencies inaction [C]granted less federal regulatory power [D] went against conservation policies 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____. [A]agree topay a sumfor compensation [B]volunteer toset upan equally big habitat [C]offer to support theWAFWAmonitoringjob [D] promiseto raisefunds forUSFWS operations 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 12629.Accordingto Ashe, theleadingrole inmanagingthe species is______. [A]thefederal government [B]thewildlifeagencies [C]thelandowners [D] thestates 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.JayLiningerwouldmost likely support_______. [A]industrygroups [B]thewin-win rhetoric [C]environmental groups [D] theplanunder challenge 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2016年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）That everyone’s too busythese days is acliché. 127（2）But one specific complaint ismade especiallymournfully: There’s never any timetoread. 【第二段】 （1）What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. （2）The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a bookwithyou at all times.” （3）But in my experience, using suchmethods to free uptheodd30minutes doesn’t work. （4）★Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that achallenging book’sthe last thingyou need. （5）The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… （6）It isnot simplythat one is interrupted; it isthat one isactually inclined to interruption.” 128（7）Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind oftimewhich can’tbe obtained merely by becoming more efficient. 【第三段】 （1）In fact, “becoming moreefficient” ispart oftheproblem. （2）★Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as itadvances progress toward some goal. （3）Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. （4）Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes,but not themost fulfillingkind. （5）“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “ we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we willhave wasted them.” 129（6）No mind-set could beworse for losingyourself in abook. 【第四段】 （1）Sowhat does work? （2）Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. （3）You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outsidetime’s flow” into “soultime.” （4）You could limitdistractions byreading only physical books, oronsingle-purpose e-readers. （5）“Carry abookwith you at all times” can actually work, too—providing you dipinoften enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. （6）On areally good day, it nolonger feels as ifyou’re “making timetoread,” but justreading, and making timefor everything else. 【题目】 13031.Theusual time-managementtechniques don’tworkbecause___. [A]what they can offer does notease the modern mind [B]what people often forget is carrying abookwith them [C]what challenging books demand isrepetitivereading [D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates thatpeoplefeel apressure to ___. [A]updatetheirto-do lists [B]make passing timefulfilling [C]carry their plans through [D] pursuecarefree reading 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Eberlewouldagree that schedulingregular times forreading helps___. [A]promoteritualistic reading [B]encourage theefficiency mind-set [C]develop onlinereading habits [D] achieve immersivereading 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 13134. “Carry abookwith you atalltimes” can workif___. [A]reading becomes your primary business oftheday [B]all thedaily business has been promptly dealt with [C]you are able to dropback tobusiness after reading [D] timecan be evenly splitfor reading and business 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Thebesttitleforthis text couldbe___. [A]Howto Enjoy Easy Reading [B]Howto Set Reading Goals [C]Howto Find TimetoRead [D] Howto ReadExtensively 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2016年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Against a backdrop of drastic changes ineconomy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing anew21st-century road map tosuccess, alatest poll has found. 132【第二段】 （1）Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. （2）But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths forreaching it. 【第三段】 （1）Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are bestserved bytwo parents working outsidethe home, thesurvey found. 【第四段】 （1）★From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. 133【第五段】 （1）Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believeit is harder for young peopletoday toget started in lifethan it was for earlier generations. （2）★While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,starting afamily, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. 【第六段】 （1）PeteSchneider considers theclimb tougher today. （2）Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a jobafter graduating from college. 134（3）Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments onmy own,so Ihave to rent rooms out topeople tomake that happen.” （4）Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither hadcompleted college when he was young. （5）“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “Idon’t thinkpeople are capable ofthat anymore.” 【题目】 36.Onecross-generation mark of asuccessfullifeis_____. [A]having afamily with children [B]trying out different lifestyles [C]working beyond retirement age [D] settingupa profitablebusiness 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 13537.Itcan belearned fromParagraph 3thatyoung peopletend to ____. [A]favor aslowerlife pace [B]hold an occupation longer [C]attach importance to pre-marital finance [D] give priority tochildcare outsidethehome 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Thepriorities andexpectations definedby theyoung will____. [A]depend largely onpoliticalpreferences [B]reach almostall aspects ofAmerican life [C]focus onmaterialisticissues [D] become increasingly clear 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Bothyoung andoldagree that____. [A]good-paying jobs are less available [B]theoldmade morelifeachievements [C]housing loans todayare easy toobtain [D] gettingestablished isharder forthe young 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 13640.Whichof thefollowingis true aboutSchneider？ [A]Hethinks hisjob as a technician quitechallenging. [B]His parents’ good lifehas littleto dowith acollegedegree. [C]His parents believe working steadily isa must forsuccess. [D] Hefounda dream jobafter graduating from college. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2017年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. （2）TheParkrun phenomenon began with a dozenfriends and has inspired 400events in theUKand moreabroad. （3）Events are free, staffed bythousands ofvolunteers. （4）Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13minutes 48seconds upto an hour. 137【第二段】 （1）Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” isfailing. （2）Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. （3）Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from theircouches. （4）Thepopulation would befitter, healthier and produce morewinners. （5）It has not happened. （6）The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—butthe general population was growing faster. （7）Worse, thenumbers are nowfallingat an accelerating rate. （8）The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 138（9）Obesity has risen among adults and children. （10）Official retrospections continueas to why London 2012failed to “inspirea generation.” （11）Thesuccess ofParkrun offers answers. 【第三段】 （1）Parkrun is not arace but atimetrial:Your only competitoris theclock. （2）Theethos welcomes anybody. （3）There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about toptalent shining. （4）The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more eliteathletes. （5）The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 139【第四段】 （1）Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots” concept as communitysports associations. （2）If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging theprovision of all theseactivities in schools. （3）But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attentiononsport in education. （4）★Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditionsfor sport to thrive. （5）Orat least notmake them worse. 【题目】 14021.Accordingto Paragraph1, Parkrunhas__________. [A]gained great popularity [B]created many jobs [C]strengthened community ties [D]become an official festival 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Theauthorbelieves thatLondon'sOlympic "legacy"has failed to_________. [A]boostpopulation growth [B]promotesport participation [C]improvethecity's image [D]increase sport hours in schools 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Parkrun isdifferentfromOlympic games inthatit_______. [A]aimsat discovering talents [B]focuses onmass competition [C]does not emphasizeelitism [D]does not attract first-timers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 14124.With regard to mass sports, theauthorholds thatgovernments should_______. [A]organize"grassroots" sports events [B]supervise local sports associations [C]increase funds for sportsclubs [D]investin publicsports facilities 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Theauthor'sattitudeto whatUK governments havedoneforsports is_______. [A]tolerant [B]critical [C]uncertain [D]sympathetic 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1422017年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. （2）“Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promotemaximal engagement. （3）It makes it hard todisengage, and leads to alot ofbleed-over intothefamily routine.” 【第二段】 （1）Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother–child pairs a food-testing exercise. （2）She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with theirchildren. （3）During aseparate observation, shesawthat phones became asource oftension inthefamily. 143（4）Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for theirattention. 【第三段】 （1）★Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcertingfor thechildren. （2）Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s. （3）In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as shetries tocapture her mother’s attention. （4）“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky. 【第四段】 144（1）On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says ifyou’re failing to exposeyour child to 30,000words you are neglecting them.” （2）★Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. （3）Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work outof theway. （4）This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time. 【题目】 14526.Accordingto Jenny Radesky, digitalproducts are designedto_______. [A]simplify routinematters [B]absorb userattention [C]better interpersonal relations [D]increase work efficiency 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows thatmothers’useofdevices_______. [A]takes away babies’ appetite [B]distracts children’s attention [C]slows downbabies’verbal development [D]reduces mother-child communication 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Radesky cites the “stillfaceexperiment”toshow that_______. [A]itis easy forchildren toget used to blank expressions [B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange [C]children are insensitivetochanges intheirparents’mood [D]parents need to respond tochildren’s emotional needs 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 14629.Theoppressive ideologymentioned byTronick requires parents to_______. [A]protect kids from exposureto wild fantasies [B]teach theirkids at least 30,000words ayear [C]ensure constant interaction withtheir children [D]remain concerned about kids’useof screens 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Accordingto Tronick, kids’useofscreens may_______. [A]give theirparents somefree time [B]make theirparents morecreative [C]help them with theirhomework [D]help them become moreattentive 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2017年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook thepossibility oftaking agap year. 147（2）After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? （3）And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’tacademic. 【第二段】 （1）But whilethis maybetrue, it’s nota good enough reason to condemn gap years. （2）★There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race tothefinish line,”whether that betoward graduate school, medical school oralucrative career. （3）But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—infact, it probably enhances it. 【第三段】 （1）Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better incollege than thosewho donot. 148（2）★Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with themost. （3）Gap year experiences can lessen theblowwhen itcomes toadjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders. 【第四段】 （1）If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider itsfinancial impact onfuture academicchoices. （2）According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end upchanging theirmajors at least once. （3）This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students witha poorunderstanding ofthevast academic possibilities that await them incollege. 149（4）Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. （5）It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too latein thegame. （6）At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch tothe nursing school from another department. （7）Taking agap year to figurethings outinitially can help prevent stress and save money later on. 【题目】 31.Oneof thereasons forhigh-schoolgraduates nottaking agapyear isthat_______. [A]they thinkit academically misleading [B]they have alot offun toexpect in college [C]it feels strange to dodifferently from others [D]itseems worthless to takeoff-campus courses 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 15032.Studies fromtheUS andAustralia imply thattakingagap year helps_______. [A]keep students from being unrealistic [B]lower risks inchoosing careers [C]ease freshmen's financial burdens [D]relieve freshmen of pressures 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Theword “acclimation”(Para. 3)is closest inmeaning to_______. [A]adaptation [B]application [C]motivation [D]competition 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.Agapyear may savemoney forstudents byhelping them_______. [A]avoid academicfailures [B]establish long-term goals [C]switch to another college [D]decide ontheright major 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 15135.Themost suitabletitle forthistext wouldbe_______. [A]In Favorofthe Gap Year B] TheABCs oftheGap Year [C]The Gap Year ComesBack [D]TheGap Year: ADilemma 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2017年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）★Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist infire ecology and management. 【第二段】 （1）In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly doublethepercentage it spent onsuchefforts 20years ago. 152（2）In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect thelives ofall Americans. 【第三段】 （1）Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. （2）As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? 【第四段】 （1）“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. （2）“Weneed to takeamagnifying glass tothat. （3）Like,‘Wait aminute, is thisOK?’ （4）Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?” 【第五段】 153（1）Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say. 【第六段】 （1）For onething, conversationsabout wildfires need tobe moreinclusive. （2）Over thepast decade, thefocus has been onclimatechange—how thewarming ofthe Earth from greenhousegases isleading toconditions that worsen fires. 【第七段】 （1）While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation. 【第八段】 （1）“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” hesays. （2）Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. （3）Ourperception of theproblem and of what thesolutionis becomes very limited.” 154【第九段】 （1）At thesame time, people continueto treat fire as an event that needs tobewholly controlled and unleashed onlyout ofnecessity, says Professor Balch at theUniversity ofColorado. （2）But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing thelaws, policies, and practices that makeit as safe as possible,she says. 【第十段】 （1）“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says. （2）“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is thehuman connection with fire today.” 【题目】 36.More frequentwildfires havebecome anationalconcern because in2015they_______. [A]exhaustedunprecedented management efforts [B]consumed arecord-high percentageof budget [C]severely damaged theecology ofwestern states [D]caused ahuge riseofinfrastructure expenditure 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 15537.Moritz calls forthe useof"a magnifyingglass"to_______. [A]raisemore funds for fire-proneareas [B]avoid theredirection of federal money [C]find wildfire-free parts ofthelandscape [D]guarantee safer spendingof publicfunds 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Whileadmitting thatclimate is akey element, Moritz notes that_______. [A]publicdebates have not settled yet [B]fire-fighting conditionsare improving [C]other factors shouldnot be overlooked [D]ashift in theviewoffire has taken place 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Theoverly simplifiedview Moritz mentions is aresultoffailing to_______. [A]discoverthe fundamental makeup ofnature [B]explorethemechanism of thehumansystems [C]maximizethe roleoflandscape in human life [D]understand the interrelations ofman and nature 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 15640.ProfessorBalch points outthatfireis somethingman should_______. [A]doaway with [B]come toterms with [C]pay a price for [D]keep away from 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2018年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his studentsa better future. 【第二段】 （1）Mr. Koziatek is part ofsomething pioneering. （2）He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and testsand mechanical memorization,but practical. 157（3）★When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president oftheUnited States but beutterly overwhelmed byabroken bikechain? 【第三段】 （1）As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. （2）Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck withgenerations of discarded chewing gum. （3）They can also learn geometry byassembling a bicycle. 【第四段】 （1）But he’s also found a kindof insidiousprejudice. （2）Workingwith your hands isseen as almost amark ofinferiority. （3）Schools in thefamily ofvocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t makeit academically,” hesays. 【第五段】 158（1）On onehand, that viewpoint isa logical product ofAmerica’s evolution. （2）Manufacturing is notthe economic engine that it oncewas. （3）The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. （4）Moreeducation is thenewprinciple. （5）Wewant morefor ourkids, and rightfully so. 【第六段】 （1）But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’snot theonly thing theAmerican economy needs. （2）Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. （3）But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. 159（4）But only 44percent of workers are adequately trained. 【第七段】 （1）★In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in theface. （2）There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped todothem. （3）Koziatek’s Manchester SchoolofTechnology High School istrying tofill that gap. 【第八段】 （1）Koziatek's school isa wake-up call. （2）When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity ofgifts. 【题目】 16021.Abrokenbikechain ismentioned to showstudents’lack of______. [A]academictraining [B]practical ability [C]pioneering spirit [D]mechanical memorization 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Thereexists theprejudicethat vocationaleducation is for kidswho______. [A]havea stereotyped mind [B]have nocareer motivation [C]are financially disadvantaged [D]are notacademically successful 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Wecan infer from Paragraph 5thathighschool graduates______. [A]used to havemore job opportunities [B]used to have big financial concerns [C]are entitled tomoreeducational privileges [D]are reluctant towork in manufacturing 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 16124.Theheadlongpushinto bachelor’s degrees forall______. [A]helps createalot of middle-skilljobs [B]may narrow the gap inworking-class jobs [C]indicates the overvaluing of higher education [D]isexpected toyield a better-trained workforce 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Theauthor’sattitude towardKoziatek’s school can bedescribed as______. [A]tolerant [B]cautious [C]supportive [D]disappointed 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2018年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer thanever that thefuture belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. 162（2）Themoveto renewables ispicking upmomentum around theworld: They nowaccount formore than halfof newpower sources going online. 【第二段】 （1）Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleanerenergy sources. （2）But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. （3）The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years. 【第三段】 （1）In many parts oftheworld renewable energy is already a principal energy source. （2）In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. 163（3）While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkableshift. （4）In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in theUS, reported theUS Energy Information Administration. 【第四段】 （1）President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as thepath toeconomic growth. （2）In arecent speech in Iowa, hedismissed wind power as anunreliable energy source. （3）But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted bytheavailability of clean energy topower theirdata centers. 【第五段】 （1）The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. 164（2）But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely. 【第六段】 （1）The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles. （2）★Although electric cars are stillararity onroads now, this massiveinvestment could change the picturerapidly incoming years. 【第七段】 （1）Whilethere’s alongway togo, thetrend lines for renewables are spiking. （2）The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect inslowing climate change. （3）What Washington does—or doesn’t do—topromotealternativeenergy may mean less andless at atimeofa global shiftin thought. 【题目】 16526.Theword “plummeting”(Line3, Para.2) is closestin meaningto______. [A]stabilizing [B]changing [C]falling [D]rising 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Accordingto Paragraph 3,theuseofrenewableenergy inAmerica_____. [A]isprogressing notably [B]is as extensiveas in Europe [C]faces many challenges [D]has proved tobe impractical 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Itcan belearned thatin Iowa,____. [A]wind isa widely used energy source [B]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels [C]tech giants are investing in clean energy [D]thereis a shortage of clean energy supply 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 16629.Whichof thefollowingis true aboutclean energy accordingto Paragraphs 5&6? [A]Its application has boosted battery storage. [B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing. [C]Its continuous supply isbecoming areality. [D]Its sustainableexploitation willremain difficult. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Itcan beinferred from thelastparagraph thatrenewableenergy____. [A]willbring theUS closer to othercountries [B]will accelerateglobal environmental change [C]is notreally encouraged bytheUS government [D]isnot competitiveenough withregard to its cost 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1672018年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have anyphysical product at all. （2）What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives. 【第二段】 （1）Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but itbroke thepromisealmost as soon asthe deal went through. （2）Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and stillcould be. 168（3）What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsAppgroups inwhich Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? （4）It may bethat thevalueof WholeFoods to Amazonis not so much the460shops it owns,butthe records ofwhich customers have purchased what. 【第三段】 （1）Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. （2）For onething, itis very slowcompared to thepace ofchange within thedigital economy. （3）★By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to bereplaced bynew abuses of power. （4）But there is adeeper conceptual problem, too. （5）Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and thisis not obviouswhen theusers oftheseservices don’t pay forthem. 169（6）Theusers oftheirservices are nottheircustomers. （7）That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies. 【第四段】 （1）The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of thedigital giants. （2）★Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where theiraphids feed; Gmail keeps thespammers outof ourinboxes. （3）It doesn’t feel likea human ordemocraticrelationship, even ifboth sides benefit. 【题目】 17031.Accordingto Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp forits______. [A]digital products [B]user information [C]physical assets [D]qualityservice 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.Linkingphonenumbers to Facebook identities may ______. [A]worsen political disputes [B]mess upcustomer records [C]posea risk to Facebook users [D]mislead theEuropean commission 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Accordingto the author, competition law______. [A]shouldserve thenew market powers [B]may worsen theeconomic imbalance [C]should notprovide justone legal solution [D]cannot keep pace with thechanging market 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 17134.Competition lawas presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______. [A]they are not defined as customers [B]they are not financiallyreliable [C]theservices are generallydigital [D]theservices are paid for byadvertisers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Theantsanalogy is usedto illustrate ______. [A]awin-win business model between digital giants [B]atypical competitionpattern among digital giants [C]thebenefits provided for digital giants’ customers [D]therelationship between digital giants and theirusers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1722018 年 Text4 文章主题： 微信公众号：再来一杯柠檬水 免费提供 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the abilitytofocus withoutdistraction. 【第二段】 （1）★There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing momentsof deepwork when you can throughout theday. （2）Whicheverapproach, thekey is to determine your length offocus timeand stick toit. 【第三段】 （1）Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more donein less time. 173（2）“At any given point,I shouldhave deep work scheduled for roughly thenextmonth. （3）Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes. 【第四段】 （1）Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular howwe craft ourto-do lists. （2）TimHarford, authorof Messy: The Power ofDisorder toTransform OurLives, points to astudy in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. 【第五段】 （1）While theresearchers assumed that thewell-structured dailyplans would be mosteffective when itcame to theexecution oftasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. 174（2）Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisationin sucha listcan reap thebest results. 【第六段】 （1）In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “belazy.” 【第七段】 （1）“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues. 【第八段】 （1）Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitivelinkbetween downtimeand productivity may bedue to theway ourbrains operate. （2）When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. 【第九段】 175（1）“Whatpeople don’t realise is thatin order to complete thesetasks they need to useboth thefocus and unfocus circuits intheirbrain,”says Pillay. 【题目】 36.Thekey to masteringthe artof deep work is to____. [A]keep to your focus time [B]listyour immediatetasks [C]make specificdaily plans [D]seizeevery minuteto work 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Thestudyinthe early 1980s cited byHarford showsthat____. [A]distractions may actually increase efficiency [B]daily schedules are indispensableto studying [C]students are hardly motivated bymonthly goals [D]detailed plans maynot beas fruitful as expected 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 17638.Accordingto Newport, idleness is ____. [A]adesirable mental statefor busy people [B]amajor contributortophysical health [C]an effective way to savetimeand energy [D]anessential factorinaccomplishing any work 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Pillaybelieves that ourbrains’shiftbetween beingfocused andunfocused______. [A]can result inpsychological well-being [B]can bring about greaterefficiency [C]is aimed at better balance in work [D]isdriven bytask urgency 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Thistext is mainly about______. [A]ways to relieve thetension ofbusy life [B]approaches to gettingmore donein less time [C]thekey toeliminating distractions [D]thecause ofthelack offocus time 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1772019年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）★Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, inconjunction witha child’s growing grasp ofsocial and moral norms. （2）Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appeaseparents and friends –and theirown consciences. （3） This iswhy researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, intheright amount, to bea good thing. 【第二段】 （1）In thepopular imagination, of course, guilt stillgets a badrap. （2）It is deeply uncomfortable – it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. 178（3）Yet this understanding is outdated. （4）“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary – feelings that may be advantageous inone contextmaybe harmful inanother. （5）Jealousy and anger, forexample, mayhave evolved to alert us toimportant inequalities. （6）Too muchhappiness can bedestructive. 【第三段】 （1）And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to makeupfor errors and fix relationships. （2）Guilt,inother words, can help hold acooperativespecies together. （3）It isa kind ofsocial glue. 【第四段】 179（1）Viewed in thislight, guilt isan opportunity. （2）Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate foran emotional deficiency. （3）In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. （4）Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastierimpulses. （5）And vice versa: High sympathy can substitutefor lowguilt. 【第五段】 （1）In a2014study, for example, Maltilookedat 244children. （2）★Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overallsympathy level and his orhertendency tofeel negative emotions after moral transgressions. 180（3）Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. （4）For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were tofeel guilty. （5）The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympatheticto theotherchild’sdeprivation. 【第六段】 （1）“That’s good news, ” Maltisays. （2）“Wecan beprosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.” 【题目】 21.Researchers think thatguiltcan bea good thingbecauseit may help______. [A]regulate achild’s basicemotions [B]improvea child’s intellectual ability [C]foster achild’s moral development [D]intensify achild’s positivefeelings 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 18122.Accordingto Paragraph 2,manypeoplestill considerguiltto be______. [A]deceptive [B]burdensome [C]addictive [D]inexcusable 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Vaishholdsthat therethinkingaboutguiltcomes froman awareness that______. [A]emotionsare context-independent [B]emotions are socially constructive [C]emotional stabilitycan benefit health [D]anemotion can play opposingroles 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Malti andothers haveshownthatcooperation andsharing______. [A]may helpcorrect emotional deficiencies [B]can result from either sympathy orguilt [C]can bring about emotional satisfaction [D]may betheoutcome ofimpulsiveacts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 18225.Theword “transgressions”(Line4,Para.5) is closest inmeaning to______. [A]teachings [B]discussions [C]restrictions [D]wrongdoings 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2019年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）Forests give us shade, quiet and oneof theharder challenges in thefight against climatechange. （2）Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, weare threatening their abilityto doso. （3）The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb. 【第二段】 （1）Thankfully, there is away out ofthistrap –but it involves strikinga subtlebalance. 183（2）Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing theircapacity to absorb carbon now. （3）Californiais leading theway, as it does onso manyclimateefforts, infiguring out thedetails. 【第三段】 （1）The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts ofthe forest. （2）Thistemporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. （3）But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring theforest’s capacity topull carbon from theair. （4）Healthy trees are also better ableto fend off insects. （5）Thelandscape isrendered less easily burnable. （6）Even intheevent ofa fire, fewer trees are consumed. 184【第四段】 （1）Theneed for such planning isincreasingly urgent. （2）★Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, mostofthem in 2016alone, and wildfires haveburned hundreds ofthousands ofacres. 【第五段】 （1）California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 – financed from theproceeds ofthestate’semissions-permit auctions. （2）That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so itwill bevital to prioritizeareas at greatest risk offire ordrought. 【第六段】 （1）★The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. 185（2）New research ontransportation biofuels is already under way. 【第七段】 （1）State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused onwildlife, watersheds and opportunitiesfor recreation. （2）Only recently havethey cometo see thevital part forests willhave to play in storing carbon. （3）California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model. 【题目】 26.By saying “oneoftheharder challenges,”theauthorimplies that______. [A]global climatechange mayget out ofcontrol [B]forests may become apotential threat [C]people may misunderstand global warming [D]extreme weather conditions may arise 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 18627.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”wemay need to______. [A]preservethe diversity ofspecies inthem [B]lower theirpresent carbon-absorbing capacity [C]acceleratethe growth ofyoung trees [D]strikeabalance among different plants 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to______. [A]restore itsforests quickly after wildfires [B]cultivatemore drought-resistant trees [C]find more effectiveways tokill insects [D]reduce thedensity of someof itsforests 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Whatisessential to California’s planaccordingto Paragraph 5? [A]To obtain enough financial support. [B]To carry itout before theyear of 2020. [C]To handle theareas in serious danger first. [D]To perfect the emissions-permitauctions. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 18730.Theauthor’sattitude to California’s plancan best bedescribedas______. [A]supportive [B]ambiguous [C]tolerant [D]cautious 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2019年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）American farmers havebeen complaining oflaborshortages for several years. （2）Thecomplaints are unlikely to stopwithout anoverhaul of immigration rules for farm workers. 【第二段】 （1）Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in theU.S. and change jobs within theindustry. （2）If this doesn’t change,American businesses, communities, andconsumers willbethe losers. 【第三段】 188（1）Perhaps half ofU.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. （2）As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. （3）Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating andmore likely tobe married than single. （4）They’realso aging. （5）At thestart ofthis century, about one-third of crop workers were overthe age of35. （6）Nowmore than halfare. （7）And picking crops ishard onolderbodies. （8）One oft-debated cure for this laborshortage remains as implausibleas it’s been all along: Native U.S.workers won’t bereturning to thefarm. 【第四段】 189（1）Mechanizationisn’t theanswer, either –notyet, at least. （2）Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. （3）Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated. 【第五段】 （1）As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visato fillthegaps in theworkforce. （2）Starting around 2012,requests for thevisas rose sharply; from 2011to 2016the numberof visas issued morethan doubled. 【第六段】 （1）The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000ayear. （2）Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all theworkers they need. 190（3）Theprocess is cumbersome, expensive,and unreliable. （4）One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. （5）The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and driveothers underground. 【第七段】 （1）In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short oflabor. （2）Somewestern farmers haveresponded bymovingoperations to Mexico. （3）From 1998to2000,14.5percent of thefruit Americans consumed was imported. （4）Littlemore than adecade later, theshare ofimportswas 25.8percent. 【第八段】 （1）In effect, theU.S. can importfood orit can import theworkers who pick it. 【题目】 19131.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressed accordingto thefirsttwo paragraphs? [A]Discriminationagainst foreign workers in theU.S. [B]Biased laws infavor of someAmerican businesses. [C]Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers. [D]Decline ofjob opportunitiesin U.S. agriculture. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.Onetrouble withU.S. agricultural workforce is ______. [A]therising numberofillegal immigrants [B]thehigh mobility ofcrop workers [C]thelack ofexperienced laborers [D]theagingofimmigrant farm workers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Whatisthe much-argued solutiontothe laborshortage inU.S. farming? [A]To attract younger laborers to farm work. [B]To get native U.S.workers back tofarming. [C]To usemore robots to growhigh-value crops. [D]To strengthen financial support forfarmers. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 19234.Agricultural employers complainabouttheH-2Avisa forits ______. [A]slowgranting procedures [B]limitonduration of stay [C]tightened requirements [D]control ofannual admissions 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Whichof thefollowingcouldbethe besttitle forthis text? [A]U.S.Agriculture in Decline? [B]Import Food orLabor? [C]America Saved byMexico? [D]Manpower vs. Automation? 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2019年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 193（1）Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. （2）They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day – encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis. 【第二段】 （1）The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-useplastics. （2）But theoverarching message is directed at individuals. 【第三段】 （1）My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to beachieved. （2）On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, willaccomplish littleandrequire very littleof us. 194（3）They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions – a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stopsus doing moreand asking moreof thosein charge. 【第四段】 （1）★While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries toaccount to push for real systemic change. 【第五段】 （1）It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority – or even most people’s. （2）Weshouldn’texpect it to be. （3）In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to bestructural. 195【第六段】 （1）This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematicaction, orbanning single-useplastics altogether. （2）Indiahas justannounced it will“eliminateall single-use plasticinthecountry by2022.” （3）There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal. 【第七段】 （1）DeSombreisn’t saying people should stopcaring about theenvironment. （2）It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior. 【第八段】 （1）Noneof thisis about writing offthe individual. 196（2） It’s justabout putting things into perspective. （3）Wedon’t havetimeto wait. （4）We need progressive policies that shape collective action , alongside engaged citizens pushing forchange. 【题目】 36.Some celebrities star inanewvideo to______. [A]demand new laws ontheuseof plastics [B]urge consumers to cut theuse ofplastics [C]invitepublicopinionontheplastics crisis [D]disclosethecauses ofthe plasticscrisis 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Theauthoris concerned that“moral licensing”may ______. [A]mislead us intodoing worthless things [B]prevent us from making further efforts [C]weaken our senseof accomplishment [D]suppress ourdesire for success 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 19738.By pointingoutouridentity “citizens”,the authorindicates that______. [A]ourfocus should be shifted to communitywelfare [B]ourrelationship with local industries isimproving [C]we havebeen actively exercising ourcivil rights [D]weshould press our governments to lead thecombat 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.DeSombre argues thatthebest wayforacollective changeshouldbe______. [A]awin-win arrangement [B]aself-driven mechanism [C]acost-effective approach [D]atop-down process 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Theauthorconcludes thatindividual efforts ______. [A]can be too aggressive [B]can betoo inconsistent [C]are far from sufficient [D]are far from rational 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 1982020年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate withand enemies toavoid. （2）To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and hercolleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from roboticrats. 【第二段】 （1）They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for four days. （2）The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to movearoundand colorful markings. 【第三段】 （1）During the experiment, thesocial robot rat followed thelivingrats around, played with thesame toys, and opened cage doors tolet trapped rats escape. （2）Meanwhile, theasocial robotsimply moved forwards and backwards and sidetoside. 199【第四段】 （1）Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them bypressing alever. （2）Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free thantheasocial one. （3）Thissuggests thatthe rats perceived thesocial robot as a genuinesocial being. （4）They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploringand playing. （5）This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return thefavour whenthey get trapped, says Quinn 【第五段】 （1）“Ratshave been shown to engage in multipleforms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,” says Quinn. 200【第六段】 （1）Thereadiness of therats to befriend thesocial robot was surprising given its minimal design. （2）Therobot was thesame sizeas aregular rat but resembled a simpleplasticboxonwheels. （3）“ We’dassumed we’dhaveto give it amoving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent onit to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, whohelped with theresearch. 【第七段】 （1）The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. （2）Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simplesocial signals. （3）“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles. 【题目】 20121.Quinnandher colleagues conducted atest tosee ifrats can . [A]pick upsocial signals from non-living rats [B]distinguish afriendly rat from ahostileone [C]attain sociable traits through special training [D]send out warning messages totheirfellow 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Whatdidtheasocial robotdo during theexperiment? [A]It followed thesocial robot. [B]It played withsome toys. [C]It set thetrapped rats free. [D]It moved around alone. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Accordingto Quinn, therats released thesocial robotbecausethey . [A]tried to practice ameans ofescape. [B]expected it to dothesame inreturn. [C]wanted to displaytheir intelligence. [D]considered that an interesting game. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 20224.JanetWiles notes thatrats . [A]can rememberother rats’ facial features. [B]differentiate smellsbetter than sizes. [C]respond moretoactions thanto looks. [D]can be scared bya plasticboxonwheels. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25.Itcan belearned fromthetext thatrats . [A]appear tobeadaptable tonew surroundings [B]are more socially activethan other animals [C]behave differently from children insocializing [D]are moresensitiveto social cues than expected 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2032020 年 Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）★It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,byvarying estimates, gone upbyabout 500%. （2）Thetypical CEOof atopAmerican corporation nowmakes about $18.9million ayear. 【第二段】 （1）The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for thetopfirms are growing rapidly. （2）The efforts of America’ s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of theglobal economy. （3）It’s not popular to say. but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped theirgame relative to many otherworkers in theU.S. economy. 【第三段】 204（1）Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being ableto “run thecompany.” （2）CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade inthem . （3）They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipupcan besignificant. （4）Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, withsupply chains spread across alarger number ofcountries. （5）To lead in that system requires knowledge that isfairly mind-boggling. （6）Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and development. （7）And beyond this, majorCEOs stillhave to doall theday-to-day work they have always done. 【第四段】 205（1）The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well. （2）By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. （3）Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. （4）That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs. 【第五段】 （1）Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. （2）And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that thosepractices build upcorporatevalue not justfor theCEO. 206【题目】 26.Whichof thefollowinghas contributed to CEO pay rise? [A]Thegrowth in thenumber ofcorporations. [B]The general pay rise witha bettereconomy. [C]Increased business opportunities for topfirms. [D]Closecooperation among leading economies. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Compared with their predecessors, today’ s CEOs are required to . [A]fostera strongersense ofteamwork [B]finance more research and development [C]establish closer ties withtech companies [D]operate moreglobalized companies 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.CEO payhas been risingsincethe1970s despite .. [A]continual internal opposition [B]strict corporategovernance [C]conservativebusiness strategies [D]repeated governance warnings 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 20729.HighCEOpaycan bejustified by thefactthatit helps . [A]confirm thestatus ofCEOs [B]motivateinsidecandidates [C]boost theefficiency ofCEOs [D]increase corporate value 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Themost suitabletitle forthistext wouldbe . [A]CEOsAre Not Overpaid [B]CEOPay: Pastand Present [C]CEOs’ Challenges ofToday [D]CEOTraits: Not Easy to Define 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2082020年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions onthemost polluting cars. （2）Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement oftheclean airzone, a firststep toward itspossibletermination. （3）Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite itssuccess in improvingair quality. （4）Ajudge has now overruled thecity’s decision tostop levying fines, ordering them restored. （5）But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s futurelooks uncertain at best. 【第二段】 （1）Madrid's back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork， city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. 209【第三段】 （1）Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically controversial, and therefore vulnerable. （2）★That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause ofourtoxicpollution. （3）It’s not hard toimagine a similarreversal happening inLondon. （4）The newultra-low emission zone(Ulez) islikely to bea bigissuein nextyear's mayoral election. （5）And if Sadiq khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected. 【第四段】 （1）It's notthat measures such as London’sUlez are useless. （2）Far from it. 210（3）Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents’health in the faceof aserious threat. （4）The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits. 【第五段】 （1）But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city ortown. （2）They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to doso. 【第六段】 （1）Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations andrequire auto companies tobring their vehicles into compliance. （2）Wales has introduced special lowspeed limits to minimisepollution. （3）We'redoing everything butinsist that manufacturers clean uptheircars. 【题目】 21131.Whichof thefollowingis true aboutMadrid’s clean airzone? [A]Its effects are questionable. [B]It has been opposed byajudge. [C]It needs tougher enforcement. [D]Its fateis yet to be decided. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.Whichis considered aweakness ofthecity-level measures to tackle dirty air? [A]They are biased against car manufacturers. [B]They proveimpractical forcity councils. [C]They are deemed toomildfor politicians. [D]They put too much burden onindividual motorists. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.Theauthorbelieves thattheextensionof London’s Ulez will . [A]arouse strong resistance [B]ensure Khan’s electoral success [C]improvethecity’s traffic [D]discourage car manufacturing 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 21234.Whodoes theauthor think shouldhaveaddressed theproblem? [A]Local residents [B]Mayors. [C]Councilors. [D]National governments. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Itcan beinferred from thelastparagraph thatauto companies . [A]willraise low-emission car production [B]should beforced tofollowregulations [C]will upgrade thedesign oftheirvehicles [D]shouldbe putunder publicsupervision 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2020年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）★ Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring — the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadilyinrecent weeks. 213（2）Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it's been indecades. （3）And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. （4）Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles willdiffer from thosewho came before them. 【第二段】 （1）If “entitled” is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981and 1995), thecatchwords for Generation Zare practical and cautious. （2）According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economicpragmatists. （3）Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. 214（4）They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs ortheirlifesavings or both. （5）They aren't interested in taking any chances. （6）The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense ofanxiousurgency, especially forthose who have college debt. （7）College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve. 【第三段】 （1）One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their majorwith ajobin mind. （2）In a 2019survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiringpurpose). 215（3）Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greatergood. 【第四段】 （1）That’s a bigchange from theprevious generation. （2）“Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,” notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts .regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might justas well applyto American youth. （3）“Generation Z are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. （4）They have troubleseeing afinancial future and they are quiterisk averse.” 【题目】 21636.Generation Zs graduatingcollege thisspring . [A]are recognized for theirabilities [B]are optimisticabout the labormarket [C]are drawing growing publicattention [D]are infavor ofoffice job offers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Generation Zs arekeenly awareof . [A]what theirparents expect ofthem [B]what a tough economicsituation is like [C]howthey differ from past generations [D]howvaluable acounselor’s advice is 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.Theword “assuage”(Line9,para. 2)is closestinmeaning to . [A]maintain [B]define [C]relieve [D]deepen 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 21739.Itcan belearned fromParagraph 3thatGeneration Zs . [A]havea clear ideaabout theirfuture jobs [B]care littleabout theirjob performance [C]give toppriority to professional training [D]thinkit hard to achieve work-life balance 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Michelsen thinks thatcompared with millennials,Generation Zs are . [A]morediligent [B]more generous [C]less adventurous [D]less realistic 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2021年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）“Reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to havea future in which alot ofwould-be workers donot get left behind. 218（2）Weknow we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements ofthejobs that remain. （3）Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the“core skills” withinjobroles will change by2022. （4）That is avery short timeline. 【第二段】 （1）Thequestion ofwho shouldpay forreskilling is athorny one. （2）For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longerindemand and replacethem with thosewhose skillsare. （3）That does not always happen. （4）AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with afire-and-hire strategy. （5）Othercompanies had alsopledged to create theirown plans. 219（6）When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. （7）Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high. 【第三段】 （1）With thepandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. （2）In February, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and theUnited States were at generational lowsand worker shortages were everywhere. （3）As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had doneso. （4）In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and othermedical personnel. 【第四段】 220（1）Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. （2）But even ifyou cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be tothe benefitof all concerned. （3）★That seems to be the case in Sweden: when forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, Scandinavian Airline decided to start up a short retaining program that reskilled the laid-off workers tosupport hospital staff. （4）Theeffort was acollective oneand involved othercompanies as well as aSwedish university. 【题目】 21.Research by theWorld Economic Forumsuggests . [A]anincreaseinfull-timeemployment [B]an urgent demand fornewjob skills [C]asteady growth of jobopportunities [D]acontroversy about the “core skills” 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22122.AT&T iscited to show . [A]analternative tothefire-and-hire strategy [B]an immediate needfor government support [C]theimportance ofstaff appraisal standards [D]thecharacteristicsof reskilling programs 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Efforts toresolve theskills mismatch inCanada . [A]havedriven uplabourcosts [B]have proved tobe inconsistent [C]have met with fierce opposition [D]haveappeared to beinsufficient 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Wecan learn fromParagraph 3that therewas . [A]acall for policy adjustment [B]achange inhiring practices [C]alack ofmedical workers [D]asign ofeconomic recovery 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22225.ScandinavianAirlines decided to . [A]createjob vacancies fortheunemployed [B]prepare theirlaid-off workers for otherjobs [C]retrain theircabin staff forbetter services [D]finance theirstaff’s college education 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2021年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★ 【第一段】 （1）★With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. （2）In theUK, ithas become abig talking pointrecently too, fora rather particular reason: Brexit. 【第二段】 （1）Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. 223（2）The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters inthelate1980s. （3）A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even thenation’s health. （4）Soundsgreat – but howfeasibleis thisvision? 【第三段】 （1）According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of thecountry’s totalland area isassociated withmeat and dairy production. （2）That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allowus tocover all ourmeat and dairy needs. 【第四段】 （1）There are many caveats to thosefigures, but theyare stillgrave. （2）To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively – meaning fewer green fields, and more factory-style production. 224【第五段】 （1）But switching to amainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help. （2）There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have theright soilor climateto growcrops oncommercial basis. （3）Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied byarable fields. （4）Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg – which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes – we would achieve onlya30per cent boostin crop production. 【第六段】 （1）Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even withthemost extrememeasures we could meet only30per cent ofour fresh produce needs. （2） That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us withthe vast bulk ofourcurrent calorie intake. 【题目】 22526.Some peoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiency intheUK would . [A]behindered byitspopulation growth [B]contributeto thenation's well-being [C]become apriority of thegovernment [D]post a challenge toits farming industry 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Thereport bytheUniversity ofLeeds shows thatinthe UK . [A]farmland has been inefficiently utilised [B]factory-style production needs reforming [C]mostland isused formeat and dairy production [D]moregreen fields will beconverted for farming 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Crop-growingin theUK is restricted dueto . [A]itsfarming technology [B]itsdietary tradition [C]itsnatural conditions [D]itscommercial interests 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22629.Itcan belearned fromthelastparagraph thatBritish people . [A]rely largely onimportsfor fresh produce [B]enjoy a steady rise infruit consumption [C]are seeking effectiveways to cut calorie intake [D]are trying togrow new varieties of grains 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.Theauthor'sattitudeto foodself-sufficiency intheUK is . [A]defensive [B]doubtful [C]tolerant [D]optimistic 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2021年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlistand mobilecalendarSunrisein 2015. （2）It picked uptwo newcomers that were attracting considerable buzzin Silicon Valley. 227（3）Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented anew waveof technology designed from theground upfor thesmartphone world. 【第二段】 （1）Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it had used their best features in itsown products. （2）Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have usedto feedtheir great hunger fortech-talent. 【第三段】 （1）To Microsoft’s critics, the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive byBig Tech to chew upany innovative companies that liein theirpath. （2）“They bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting an end to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. （3）Microsoft declined to comment. 【第四段】 228（1）Like otherstart-up investors. （2）Mr. Arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. （3）But are theygood for theAmerican economy? I don't know.” 【第五段】 （1）TheUS Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find theanswer to that question. （2）This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many smallacquisitions over thepast decade. （3）Although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets thatuntil nowhave been beyond theirreach. 【第六段】 （1）Given their combined market value of more than $5.5trillion, rifling through such small deals— many ofthem much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise—might seem beside thepoint. 229（2）★Between them, the five companies biggest tech companies have spent an average of only $3.4billion a year on sub-$1billion acquisitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than $130billion of venture capital that was invested intheUS last year. 【第七段】 （1）★However, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part ofa “buyand kill” tactictosimplyclose them down. 【题目】 31.Whatistrue aboutWunderlist andSunrise after theiracquisitions? [A]Theirengineers were retained. [B]Their market values declined. [C]Their tech features improved. [D]Theirproducts were re-priced. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23032.Microsoft’scritics believethatthebigtech companies tend to . [A]exaggerate theirproduct quality [B]eliminatetheirpotential competitors [C]treat newtech talent unfairly [D]ignore publicopinions 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.PaulArnold is concerned thatsmall acquisitions might . [A]weaken big tech companies [B]worsen market competition [C]harm thenational economy [D]discourage start-up investors 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.TheUSFederal TradeCommission intendsto . [A]limitBig Tech’s expansion [B]encourage research collaboration [C]examinesmallacquisitions [D]supervisestart-ups’operations 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23135.Forthe fivebiggesttech companies, theirsmall acquisitions have . [A]brought littlefinancial pressure [B]raised few management challenges [C]set an examplefor futuredeals [D]generated considerableprofits 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2021年Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo toa five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. （2）In one study of the ability she called “thin slicing,” the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. 232（3）Theirratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings. （4）Another set ofparticipants had to count backward from 1,000 bynines as they watched theclips, occupying their conscious working memory. （5）Theirratings were justas accurate, demonstrating theintuitivenature ofthe social processing. 【第二段】 （1）Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving therating. （2）Accuracy dropped dramatically. （3）Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. （4）Shefound similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, ordating partners. 【第三段】 233（1）Other research shows we’re better at detecting deception from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead ofreflection. （2）“It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, “and ifyou start thinkingabout ittoomuch, you can’t rememberwhat you’redoing. （3）But ifyou go onautomatic pilot, you’re fine. （4）Muchofour social lifeis likethat.” 【第四段】 （1）Thinkingtoo much can also harm ourabilitytoform preferences. （2） College students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinionswhen thestudents weren’t asked to analyze theirrationale. （3）★And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex—when theyhad a lotofinformation to process. 【第五段】 （1）Intuition’s special powers are unleashed onlyin certain circumstances. 234（2） In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products orfigures ofspeech). （3）Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”). （4）Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on therest. （5）Sometimestheheart is smarter than thehead. 【题目】 36.NaliniAmbady’s studydeals with . [A]thepower ofpeople’s memory [B]thereliability offirst impressions [C]instructor-studentinteraction [D]people’s ability to influenceothers 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23537.InAmbady’s study, rating accuracy droppedwhen participants . [A]focused onspecificdetails [B]gave therating in limited time [C]watched shorter video clips [D]discussed with oneanother 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.JudithHallmentions drivingto showthat . [A]reflection can be distracting [B]memory can be selective [C]social skillsmust becultivated [D]deception is difficult to detect 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Whenyou are makingcomplex decisions, itis advisableto . [A]collect enough data [B]listyour preferences [C]seek expert advice [D]followyour feelings 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23640.Whatcan welearn fromthe lastparagraph? [A]Generating new products takes time. [B]Intuitionmay affect reflective tasks. [C]Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity. [D]Objectivethinking mayboost inventiveness. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2022年Text1 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）on a recent sunny day，13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40windswept acres in Shiner,Texas. （2）Somerest in theshade ofaparked car. （3）Others drink water withthe cows. （4）This all seems random，but it's by design，part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets willbe itsnextbig thing：climate-friendly eggs. 【第二段】 237（1）These eggs，which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as$ 8 a dozen，are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture—special techniques to cultivaterich soilsthat can trap greenhouse gases. （2）Such eggs could be marketed as helping tofight climatechange. 【第三段】 （1）“I'm excited about our progress,"says Brown，who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is addingmorecover crops that draw worms and crickets forthechickens to eat. （2）Thebirds’ wastethenfertilizes fields. （3）Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good forthe land，thehens，and the eggs that wesupply to ourcustomers.” 【第四段】 （1）The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become thenext premiumoffering. （2）In barely more than a decade，organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to beingsold at Walmart. 238（3）More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have explodedinto majorsupermarket categories. （4）If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful，it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef， broccoli，and beyond. 【第五段】 （1）Regenerativeproducts could beahard sell，because theconcept is tough todefine quickly，says Julie Stanton ， associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. （2）Such farming also brings minimal,if any，improvement to the food products ( though some producers say their eggs havemore protein) . 【第六段】 （1）The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range，non-GMO，and pasture-raised eggs willembrace sustainability. 239（2）Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change,and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect theenvironment. （3）Young adults “really care about theplanet,”says John Brunnquell，president ofEggInnovations. （4）“They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they'redoing.” 【题目】 21.Theclimate-friendly eggs are produced . [A]at aconsiderably lowcost [B]at thedemand ofregular shoppers [C]as a replacement for organic eggs [D] onspecially designed farms 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24022.Larry Brownis excited abouthisprogress in . [A]reducing the damage ofworms [B]accelerating thedisposal ofwaste [C]creating a sustainablesystem [D] attracting customers to hisproducts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.Theexampleoforganiceggs isused inParagraph 4to suggest . [A]thedoubtsover natural foods [B]thesetbacks in theeggindustry [C]thepotential ofregenerativeproducts [D] thepromotional success ofsupermarkets 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Itcan belearned fromthelastparagraph thatyoungpeople . [A]are reluctant tochange their diet [B]are likely to buyclimate-friendly eggs [C]are curious about newfoods [D] are amazed at agriculture advances 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24125.JohnBrunnquell woulddisagree with JulieStanton overregenerative products' . [A]market prospects [B]standard definition [C]nutritional value [D] moral implications 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2022年Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）More Americans are opting towork well into retirement，agrowing trend that threatens to upend theold workforce model. 【第二段】 （1）One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare fora longerlife，according to asurvey conducted byHarris Poll forTD Ameritrade. （2）Even more surprising is that more than half of“unretirees”—those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring—said they would be employed in their later years even iftheyhad enough money to settledown，thesurvey showed. 242【第三段】 （1）Financial needs aren't the onlyculprit for the“unretirement” trend. （2）Otherreasons，according tothe study，include personal fulfillmentsuch as staying mentally fit， preventingboredom oravoiding depression. 【第四段】 （1）“The concept of retirement is evolving," said ChristineRussell，seniormanager ofretirement at TDAmeritrade. （2）“It's not just about finances. （3）Thevalue ofwork isalso driving folks to continue workingpast retirement." 【第五段】 （1）Onereason for thechange in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. （2）Because of longer life spans，Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs,theTD Ameritrade studyshowed,which surveyed 2,000adultsbetween 40to 79. （3）Six in 10 “unretirees” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life，according to thesurvey. 243（4）Among the most popular ways they are doing this，the company said，is by reducing their overallexpenses，securing lifeinsurance ormaximizing theircontributionstoretirement accounts. 【第六段】 （1）Unfortunately，many peoplewho are optingtowork inretirement are preparing to doso because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years，said Brent Weiss，a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. （2）He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals. 【第七段】 （1）“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring ,"Weiss said. （2）"It's notjust afinancial decision，but an emotional one. （3）Manypeople believethey can't retire.” 【题目】 24426.Thesurvey conducted byHarris Poll indicates that . [A]overhalf oftheretirees are physically fitfor work [B]theoldworkforce is as activeas theyounger one [C]onein three Americans enjoy earlier retirement [D] moreAmericans are willingto work in retirement 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 3thatAmericans tend to thinkthat___. [A]retirement may cause problems forthem [B]boredom can be relieved after retirement [C]themental health ofretirees is overlooked [D] “unretirement”contributes to theeconomy 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Retirementpatterns are changingpartly dueto . [A]laborshortage [B]population growth [C]longer lifeexpectancy [D] risingliving costs 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24529.Many“unretirees”are increasingtheir savingsby . [A]investingmore instocks [B]taking upoddjobs [C]getting well-paid work [D] spending less 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 30.With regard to retirement，Brent Weiss thinksthatmany peopleare . [A]unprepared [B]unafraid [C]disappointed [D] enthusiastic 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2022年Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Wehaveall encountered them,in bothour personal and professional lives. 246（2）Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. （3）Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally,in ways thatimpair consumerchoice. （4）These are examplesof dark patterns. 【第二段】 （1）First coined in2010byuser experience expert Harry Brignull，“dark patterns”is acatch-all term forpractices that manipulateuserinterfaces to influence thedecision-making abilityofusers. （2）Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns，ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to“ roach motel," where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start，,but turns difficult whenthe usertries toget out. 【第三段】 （1）In a2019study of53,000product pages and 11,000websites，researchers found that about one in10employs these design practices. 247（2）Though widely prevalent,theconcept of dark patterns isstillnot well understood. （3）Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender. 【第四段】 （1）Whereis thelinebetween ethical，persuasive design and dark patterns? （2）Businesses shouldengage inconversations with IT,compliance，risk，andlegal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface,as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups，checkout baskets，pricing，and promotions. （3）Any orall these teams can play arole increating oravoiding " digital deception.” 【第五段】 （1）Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns， mostrecently at the statelevel. 248（2）In March,the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that“ensure that consumers will not be confused ormisled when seeking to exercisetheirdata privacy rights.” （3）The regulations aim to ban dark patterns—this means prohibiting companies from using “confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listento reasons why theyshouldn't opt out.” 【第六段】 （1）As more states consider promulgating additional regulations ，there is a need for greater accountabilityfrom withinthebusiness community. （2）Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable，not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards. 【题目】 24931.Itcan belearned fromthefirsttwo paragraphsthatdark patterns . [A]improveuserexperiences [B]leak userinformation for profit [C]undermine users’ decision-making [D] remind users of hiddencosts 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.The2019studyondark patterns ismentioned to show . [A]theirmajorflaws [B]theircomplex designs [C]theirsevere damage [D] theirstrong presence 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 33.To handledigital deception，businesses should___. [A]listentocustomer feedback [B]talk with relevant teams [C]turn to independent agencies [D] rely onprofessional training 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25034.Theadditionalregulations underthe CCPA areintendedto . [A]guide users through opt-out processes [B]protect consumers from being tricked [C]grant companies data privacy rights [D] restrict access to problematiccontent 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Accordingto the lastparagraph，akey to copingwith dark patterns is . [A]newlegal requirements [B]businesses’ self-discipline [C]strict regulatory standards [D] consumers’ safety awareness 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2512022 年 Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Although ethics classes are common around the world，scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior;evidence either way is weak,relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimesunreliable self-reports. （2）But a new study published in Cognition found that，in at least one real-world situation,a single ethics lesson may have hadlasting effects. 【第二段】 （1）Theresearchers investigated oneclass session's impact oneating meat. （2）They chose this particular behavior for three reasons ，according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel，a philosopherat theUniversity of California，Riverside: students' attitudesonthe topic are variable andunstable，behavior iseasily measurable,and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. 252（3）Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat，optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. （4）Theother halffocused oncharitablegiving instead. （5）Then，unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases forthat semester--nearly 14,000receipts foralmost 500students. 【第三段】 （1）Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect;he had previously found that ethics professors donot differ from other professors onarange of behaviors，including voting rates， blooddonation and returning library books. （2）But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics，meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52to 45percent-and thiseffect held steady for thestudy's duration of several weeks. （3）Purchases from theother group remained at 52percent. 【第四段】 253（1）“That's actually apretty large effect fora pretty small intervention ,”Schwitzgebel says. （2）Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania，who was not involved in the study， says shewants theeffect tobereal but cannot rule out someunknown confounding variable. （3）And ifreal，shenotes ,it might be reversiblebyanother nudge:“Easy come, easy go.” 【第五段】 （1）Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence——classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism，showing it as achievableormore common. （2）Second，thevideomay have had anemotional impact. （3）Least rousing, he thinks，was rational argument，although his co-authors say reason might play abigger role. （4）Now theresearchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits andstudents’video exposure. （5）Meanwhile Schwitzgebel——who had predicted noeffect——willbe eating hiswords. 254【题目】 36.Scientists generally believethat theeffects ofethics classes are . [A]hard to determine [B]narrowly interpreted [C]difficult toignore [D] poorly summarized 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Whichof thefollowingis areason fortheresearchers tostudy meat eating? [A]It iscommon amongstudents. [B]It is abehavior easy tomeasure. [C]It is important tostudents’ health. [D] It isa hot topicin ethics classes. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 38.EricSchwitzgebel's previous findings suggestthat ethics professors . [A]are seldom critical oftheir students [B]are less sociable than otherprofessors [C]are not sensitiveto political issues [D] are notnecessarily ethically better 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 25539.NinaStrohminger thinks thattheeffect ofthe intervention is . [A]permanent [B]predictable [C]uncertain [D] unrepeatable 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.EricSchwitzgebel suspects thatthestudents’changeinbehavior . [A]can bring psychological benefits [B]can beanalyzed statistically [C]is aresult of multiplefactors [D] isa sign of self-development 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2023 年 Text1 文章主题： 微信公众号：再来一杯柠檬水 免费提供 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）In thequest for theperfect lawn，homeowners across thecountry are taking a shortcut—andit is theenvironment that is paying theprice. 256（2）About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to thehighest gardening circles. （3）The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event，declaring it to be not part of itsethos. （4）The Royal Horticultural Society ( RHS), which runs the annual show in west London，says it has introduced theban because ofthedamage plasticgrass does totheenvironment and biodiversity. 【第二段】 （1）Ed Horne，of theRHS，said:“Welaunched oursustainability strategy last year andfake grass is justnot in linewithour ethos and views onplastic. （2）We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits ， which include supportingwildlife，alleviating flooding and cooling theenvironment.” 【第三段】 （1）The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. 257（2）ATwitteraccount，which claims to"cut through thegreen-wash”ofartificial grass，already has morethan 20,000followers. （3）It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ ecological damage”tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282signatures. 【第四段】 （1）However，supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns，which need mowing and therefore usually consumeelectricity orpetrol. （2）The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water，weed killer orother treatments and that peoplewholay fake grass tend tousetheir garden more. （3）The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of ￡500 on trees or shrubs fortheir garden，which provides habitat forinsects. 【第五段】 （1）In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns，which gathered 30 , 000 signatures，thegovernment responded that it has“noplans toban the useofartificial grass." 258【第六段】 （1）It added:“We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislatingonsuch matters. （2）However，theuse ofartificial grass must comply with thelegal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversityduty should serve to encourage publicauthorities to considersustainable alternatives.” 【题目】 21.TheRHSthinks thatplasticgrass . A. is harmful totheenvironment B. isahot topicingardening circles C. isoverpraised inthe annual show D. is ruiningthe viewofwest London 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 22.Thepetitionsmentioned in Paragraph3reveal thecampaigners’ . A. disappointment withthe RHS B. resistance tofake grass use 259C. anger overtheproposed tax D. concern about real grass supply 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 23.InParagraph 4，supporters offakegrass pointout . A. thenecessity tolower thecosts of fake grass B. thedisadvantages ofgrowing real grass C. theway totake care ofartificial lawns D. thechallenges of insect habitat protection 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdo with regard to artificialgrass? A. Urge legislationto restrict itsuse. B. Takemeasures to guarantee itsquality. C. Reminditsusers to obey existing rules D. Replace it withsustainable alternatives. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 26025.Itcan belearned fromthetext thatfakegrass . A. is being improved continuously B. has seen a market sharedecline C. isbecoming increasingly affordable D. has been acontroversial product 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2023 年 Text2 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）It's easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap ofour national parks. （2）Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or foodtrucks to lineupunder theredwood trees at SequoiaNational Park? 【第二段】 （1）But theadministration is right about onething: U.S.national parks are in crisis. （2）Collectively,they have amaintenance backlog ofmore than $12billion. 261（3）Roads，trails，restrooms，visitorcenters and otherinfrastructure are crumbling. 【第三段】 （1）But privatizingand commercializing thecampgrounds would notbe acure-all. （2）Campgrounds are atiny portion oftheoverall infrastructurebacklog，andconcessionaires inthe parks hand over,onaverage, only about 5%of theirrevenues tothe National Park Service. 【第四段】 （1）Moreover，increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life. 【第五段】 （1）Thereal problem is that theparks havebeen chronically starved offunding. （2）Weconducted acomprehensive survey examining howU.S.residents view theirnational parks， and we found that Americans place a very high value on them—whether or not they actually visit them. 262（3）Thepeer-reviewed economic survey of 700U.S. taxpayers，conducted bymail and internet，also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and theirprograms are kept intact. （4）Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to thenational parks. 【第六段】 （1）The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols ofnature. （2）On top of this，they produce value from their extensive educational programs，their positive impact ontheclimatethrough carbon sequestration，theircontribution to ourcultural and artisticlife， and ofcourse through tourism. （3）The parks also help keep America's past alive，working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites—including Ellis Island and Gettysburg—and to bring the stories ofthese places tolife. 263【第七段】 （1）Theparks doall thisona shoestring. （2）Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system—an amount that has been flat since 2001 ( in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of theObama stimulus package. （3）Meanwhile，thenumberof annual visitors has increased bymore than 50%since 1980，andnow stands at 330million visitorsper year. 【题目】 26.Whatproblemare U.S.national parksfaced with? A. Decline ofbusiness profits. B. Inadequatecommercialization. C. Lack of transportation services. D. Poorly maintained infrastructure. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27.Increased privatization of thecampgroundsmay . A. spoil visitorexperience 264B. help preservenature C. bringoperational pressure D. boost visitstoparks 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 28.Accordingto Paragraph 5,mostrespondents inthesurvey would . A. go to thenational parks onaregular basis B. advocate abigger budget forthenational parks C. agree to pay extrafor thenational parks D. support thenational parks’recent reforms 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 29.Thenational parksare valuablein thatthey . A. lead theway in tourism B. havehistorical significance C. sponsorresearch onclimate D. providean incomefor thelocals 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C 265D 30.Itcan beconcludedfromthe text thatthenationalpark system . A. is abletocope with staffshortages B. isable tomeet visitors’ demands C. isin need ofanew pricing policy D. is in need of afunding increase 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 2023 年 Text3 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）The Internet may be changing merely what we remember，not our capacity to do so，suggests ColumbiaUniversity psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. （2）In2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer( "anostrich's eye isbigger thanitsbrain,”for example). （3）Half of the participants were told the information would be erased，while the other half were toldit would besaved. Guess what? 266（4）The latter group made noeffort to recall the information when quizzed on itlater，because they knewthey could find itontheir computers. （5）In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. （6）They didn't remember theinformation，but theyremembered howtofind thefolders. （7）In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but“ adapting to new communications technology ,"Sparrow says. 【第二段】 （1）In a very practical way，the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories，a process known as"“cognitiveoffloading.” （2）Traditionally，thisrole was fulfilled bydata banks,libraries，andother humans. Yourfather may never remember birthdays because your motherdoes，forinstance. （3）Someworry that this ishaving adestructive effect onsociety，butSparrow sees an upside. 267（4）Perhaps,she suggests，thetrend willchange ourapproach to learning from afocus onindividual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking—something that is not available ontheInternet. （5）“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,"Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost ourability todoit. 【第三段】 （1）Still otherexperts say it's toosoonto understand howtheInternet affects ourbrains. （2）There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus , for instance，wrote psychologists ChristopherChabris and Daniel J.Simons. （3）And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviorat the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles. 【第四段】 （1）"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor 268Benjamin Storm. （2）"It seems pretty clear thatmemory ischanging，but is itchanging forthebetter? At this point， wedon't know.” 【题目】 31.Sparrow's studyshows thatwith theInternet, thehuman brain will . A. analyze information indetail B. collect information efficiently C. switchits focus ofmemory D. extend itsmemory duration 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 32.Theprocess of"cognitiveoffloading” . A. helps us identify false information B. keeps ourmemory from failing C. enables us toclassify trivial facts D. lessens our memory burdens 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C 269D 33.Whichof thefollowingwouldSparrow supportabouttheInternet? A. It may reform our learning approach. B. It may impact oursociety negatively. C. It may enhance ouradaptability to technology. D. It may interfere with ourconceptual thinking. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 34.Itis indicated in Paragraph3that howtheInternet affects ourbrains . A. requires further academic research B. ismoststudied inolder adults C. isreflected in ourreading speed D. depends onourweb-surfing habits 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 35.Neither Sparrow norStorm wouldagree that . A. ourreliance ontheInternet willbe costly B. theInternet isweakening ourmemory C. memory exerciseis amust for ourbrain D. ourability to focus declines with age 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： 选项 A 分析 B 270C D 2023 年 Text4 文章主题： 难度系数：★★★★ 【第一段】 （1）Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. （2）But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence，helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can takecare ofthemselves and help each other. （3）At thesametime,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers. 【第二段】 （1）Anew studypublished in thejournal Child Development，byEvelineCrone oftheUniversity of Leiden and colleagues，suggests thatthe positiveand negative sides ofteenagers go hand inhand. （2）Thestudy is part ofa newwave ofthinking about adolescence. （3）For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to besolved. 271（4）Thenew work emphasizes that adolescence is atimeofopportunity as well as risk. 【第三段】 （1）The researchers studied“ prosocial"and rebellious traits in more than 200children and young adults，ranging from 11to 28years old. （2）The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive，like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend，or rebellious and negative，like gettingdrunk orstaying out late. 【第四段】 （1）Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you growolder. （2）But thenew study shows that, interestingly, thesamepattern holds forprosocial behavior. （3）Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help afriend. 272【第五段】 （1）Mostsignificantly，there was apositivecorrelation between prosociality and rebelliousness. （2）The teenagers who were morerebellious were also more likely to help others. Thegood and bad sides ofadolescence seem todevelop together. 【第六段】 （1）ls theresomecommon factorthat underlies theseapparently contradictory developments? （2）Oneidea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call“reward sensitivity.” （3）Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks，benefits and costs. （4）“Reward sensitivity"measures howmuch reward it takes to outweigh risk. 【第七段】 （1）Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, gettingthat boyto noticeyou. （2）Reward sensitivity , like prosocial behavior and risk-taking，seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. 273（3）Somehow, when you hit 30 , the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh theeffort of getting upoffthecouch. 【题目】 36.Accordingto Paragraph 1,children growing into adolescence tend to . A. develop oppositepersonality traits B. seetheworld inan unreasonableway C. havefond memories oftheir past D. showaffection for theirparents 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 37.Itcan belearned fromParagraph 2thatCrone ’s study . A. explores teenagers’ social responsibilities B. examinesteenagers’emotional problems C. provides anew insight into adolescence D. highlights negative adolescent behavior 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 27438.WhatdoesCrone's studyfind aboutprosocial behavior? A. It results from thewish tocooperate. B. It is cultivated through education. C. It is subject to family influence. D. It tends to peak inadolescence. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 39.Itcan belearned fromthelasttwo paragraphsthat teenagers . A. overstress theirinfluence onothers B. care alot about social recognition C. becomeanxiousabout theirfuture D. endeavorto liveajoyful life 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 40.Whatisthe text mainly about? A. Whyteenagers are self-contradictory. B. Whyteenagers are risk-sensitive. C. Howteenagers develop prosociality. D. Howteenagers become independent. 题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题 分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为： A 选项 B 分析 C D 275翻译真题手译练习 2010年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）"Sustainability" has become apopular word thesedays,but to Ted Ning, theconcept will always have personal meaning. （2）Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability- oriented values mustbeexpressed through everyday action and choice. 【第二段】 （1）Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in thelate 1990s sellinginsurance. （2）He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job，signed on with a Boulder agency. 【第三段】 （1）It didn't go well. （2）"It was areally bad movebecause that's not mypassion，" says Ning，whosedilemmaabout the jobtranslated，predictably, into alack of sales. 276（3）"I was miserable. I had somuch anxiety that Iwould wake upin themiddleof thenight and stare at theceiling. （4）I hadnomoney and needed thejob.Everyone said，‘Just wait，you'll turn thecorner, give it some time.’” 2011年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhousegases as theworld’s airlines do—roughly 2percent of all CO2emissions? 【第二段】 （1）Manyeveryday tasks takeasurprising toll ontheenvironment. （2）A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed toget the“right” answer. （3）To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world，packed with powerful computers. 277（4）While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to bewell air- conditioned, which uses even more energy. 【第三段】 （1）However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. （2）Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not justbybig companies. 2012年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. （2）These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege collegegraduates. 【第二段】 278（1）Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likelyto emigrate. （2）A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high- school education, compared witharound 3.3% ofall Indians over theage 25. （3）This“brain drain”has longbothered policymakers in poorcountries. （4）They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for theirfactories to make. 2013年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and eventhe day oftheweek. （2）I'vebeen able to dothissince Iwas four. 【第二段】 （1）Inever feel overwhelmed with theamount ofinformation mybrain absorbs. 279（2）My mindseems tobe ableto cope andtheinformation is stored away neatly. （3）When Ithinkof asadmemory, Idowhat everybody does –try to putit to oneside. （4）Idon't think it's harderfor mejustbecause my memory is clearer. （5）Powerful memory doesn't makemyemotions any more acuteor vivid. （6）I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. （7）I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day——they both justpopinto mymind in thesame way. 2014年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）Mostpeople would define optimismas being endlessly happy，with aglass that’s perpetually half full. （2）But that’s exactly thekind offalse cheerfulness that positivepsychologistswouldn’t recommend. （3）“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. 280（4）According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, butnot thosewho believeeverything happens for the best. 【第二段】 （1）Ben-Shahar uses three optimisticexercises. （2）Whenhe feels down—say, after giving abad lecture—hegrants himselfpermission to behuman. （3）Hereminds himselfthat not everylecture can bea Nobel winner; somewillbe less effectivethan others. （4）Nextis reconstruction. （5）He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons forthe future about what works and what doesn’t. （6）Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in thegrand scheme oflife, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 2015年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）Think about driving aroute that’s very familiar. （2）It couldbeyour commuteto work, atrip intotown ortheway home. 281（3）Whicheverit is, you knowevery twist and turn liketheback ofyour hand. （4）On these sorts of trips it’s easy to loseconcentration on the driving and pay little attention tothe passing scenery. （5）Theconsequence is that you perceivethat thetrip has taken less timethan itactually has. 【第二段】 （1）This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiarroute. 【第三段】 （1）Theeffect is caused bytheway we allocate ourattention. （2）When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flowmore quickly. （3）And afterwards, when wecome to think back onit,we can’t remember the journey well because wedidn’t pay much attention to it. （4）Sowe assumeit was shorter. 2822016年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. （2）The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the morestuff you see, themore you’ll buy. （3）And supermarkets contain alot ofstuff. （4）The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens ofthousands more. （5）The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. （6）According to brain-scan experiments, thedemands ofso much decision-making quickly become toomuch forus. （7）After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally— which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuffin ourcart that wenever intended buying. 2832017年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）Mydream has always beento work somewhere in an areabetween fashion and publishing. （2）Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that Iwould moveontoafashion design course. （3）However, during that course I realised I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creativepersonalities in thefuture,so Idecided that it was notthe right path for me. （4）Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was,and still is,oneofmy favourite activities. （5）But, to be honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knewthat noone couldimagine mein thefashion industryat all! （6） SoI decided tolook for somefashion-related courses that included writing. （7）Thisis when Inoticed the course"Fashion Media &Promotion." 2842018年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. （2）Heticks “ astronaut”but quickly adds “scientist"to the listand selects itas well. （3）Theboyis convinced that ifhereads enough，hecan explore as many career paths as helikes. （4）And so hereads—everything from encyclopedias toscience fiction novels. （5）He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a"no reading policy" at the dinner table. 【第二段】 （1）That boy was Bill Gates，and he hasn't stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of themostsuccessful people ontheplanet. （2）Nowadays ， his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently，herevealed that hereads at least 50nonfiction booksa year. （3）Gates chooses nonfiction titles because theyexplainhow theworld works. （4）“Each bookopens upnew avenues ofknowledge to explore,”Gates says. 2852019年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）It iseasy tounderestimate English writerJames Herriot. （2）Hehad such apleasant，readable style that onemight think that anyonecould imitateit. （3）Howmany times have Iheard people say," Icouldwrite abook.l justhaven't thetime.” （4）Easily said. Not so easily done. （5） James Herriot，contrary to popularopinion ,didnot find it easy inhis early days of，as he put it,"having a go at thewriting game”. （6）While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent，the final, polished work that he gave to theworld was theresult ofyears ofpractising,re-writing and reading. （7）Like the majority of authors，he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way，but these madehim all themoredetermined to succeed. （8）Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was noexception. 2862020年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）It's almost impossibletogo through lifewithoutexperiencing somekind offailure. （2）But，thewonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely uptous to decide howto look at it. 【第二段】 （1）Wecan choose toseefailure as“theend oftheworld”. （2）Or,we can lookat failure as theincredible learning experiencethat it often is. （3）Every timewe fail at something，we can choose to look forthelesson we're meant to learn. （4）These lessons are very important ;they're how we grow , and how we keep from making that samemistakeagain. （5）Failures stop usonly ifwe let them. 【第三段】 （1）Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. （2）For instance，failure can helpyou discover howstrong a person you are. 287（3）Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends , or help you find unexpected motivationto succeed. 2021年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection， laughter,and warmth. （2）Whilethat may well be true，researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boostin moodand feelings ofbelonging that we didn't expect. 【第二段】 （1）In one series of studies ， researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation tostrikeupa conversation with someone near them. （2）On average，participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told tostand orsitin silence. （3）Theresearchers also argued that when weshy away from casual interactions with strangers，it is often due toa misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. 288（4）Muchofthe time，however，this beliefis false. （5）As it turns out，manypeople are actually perfectly willingto talk—and may even be flattered to receiveyour attention. 2022年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）Although we try our best，sometimesour paintings rarely turn outas originally planned. （2）Changes inthe light，thelimitations ofyour painting materials，and the lack ofexperience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected. 【第二段】 （1）Although this can befrustrating and disappointing，itturns out that thiscan actually begood for you. （2）Unexpected results have two benefits：you pretty quicklylearn to deal with disappointmentand realisethat when one doorcloses,another opens. 289（3）You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the paintingpresents and thinking outsidetheboxwill becomeyour Second nature. （4）In fact，creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life，with which you're morelikely to beable to finda solutionwhen problem arises. 2023年英译汉真题（英语二） 【第一段】 （1）In thelate 18thcentury，William Wordsworth becamefamous forhis poems about nature. （2）And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism，which celebrated the wonders ofthenatural world. 【第二段】 （1）Poetry ispowerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture areader，transport them toanother world and make them seethings differently. （2）Through carefully selected words and phrases，poems can be dramatic，funny，beautiful， movingand inspiring. 290【第三段】 （1）No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years，even before people could write. （2）It was a way to tell stories andpass down history. （3）It isclosely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. （4）Poems really come tolife whenthey are recited. （5）This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer. 291