文档内容
考向 64 七选五
复现、替代、逻辑和连贯与试题解答
策略1 核心词复现法
【考法再现】
1. 2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—风俗
________ Some people register a list of things they want or
need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen
tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate
the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
答案与解析 B 根据空后第二句中的关键词“a gift registry”和空后第三句中的“a good housewarming gift”
可知，该段介绍的是与礼物相关的内容。故正确选项应含有与housewarming和gift相关的词汇，锁定选项B和
D。又该段列举了参加聚会所带的礼物，如厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加乔迁聚会带礼物有
关，故B项“带礼物去参加乔迁聚会是一种传统”概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
介绍段落主旨时， 常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词
性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
【策略图解】 核心词复现法策略2 代词指代法
【考法再现】
2. 2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—风俗
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a
new home as a gift. ________ Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn't usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
答案与解析 G 代词指代法解题。上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据“bring firewood to a new home
as a gift”可知，人们会带柴火作为礼物，本空应承接上文说明带柴火的目的和作用：取暖。G项“这样人们就可
以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖”符合语境。选项G中的this指代上一句中提到的“bring firewood”。
3. 2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. __①__ So, slow down and think what
you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. __②__ They also need to be measurable. You must keep
these points in mind while setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
答案与解析 ①A 根据空前一句尤其是该句中的your work这一关键信息可推断，A项“这会影响到你的
工作”符合语境，且A项中的指示代词This指代前文内容，此外，空后一句“So, slow down and think...”提出了
应对方法，因此设空处应是提到空前一句产生的影响。故选A项。
②E 根据空前一句“Remember that goals are flexible.”并结合选项可知，E项与此处语义一致。E项中的
change according to circumstances是对flexible一词的解释，且E项中的指示代词They特指前文的goals，同时与
空后一句“They also need to be measurable.”中的They相呼应。故选E项。
【策略微点】
技巧依据英语文章中代词出现的频率很高， 代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词 ( 短语 ) 或句子 ，可借助这一线索准确
解题。
【策略图解】 代词指代法
策略3 逻辑关系法
【考法再现】
4. 2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会交往
There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
________. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
答案与解析 B 核心词和逻辑关系法解题。该段通过正反两方面的对比，介绍沟通中的语气问题。空前
一句“ Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？”说明电子邮件带来的负面情绪；下
一句从正面介绍表情符号的积极作用。结合前后正反对比的语境和设空前一句中的关键词“an email”和空后一
句中的关键词“a serious note”可知，正确选项应与电子邮件的负面作用相关，故 B项“即使是一封正式的电子
邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好”进一步讲述电子邮件的负面作用，故选B。even顺承上一句并加强了语气。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如 however, therefore, thus, accordingly, yet, besides, still等和and, but, so, not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ...等。
【策略图解】 逻辑关系法
策略4 相似结构线索法
【考法再现】
5. 2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会交往
________， and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you'll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
答案与解析 F 根据空后的“and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome” 中的连词and (并且)
可知，此处是并列句，根据 and 后的关键词“that positive outcome”和该段第二句中的关键词“your
employees”“business communication”和“work culture”可知，正确选项应与表情符号对工作场所的好处相关。故
选项F“研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所”符合语境。“a happier workplace”与关键词“that
positive outcome”呼应。
6. 2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我
________ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set
your goals.
A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
答案与解析 B 设空处后一句是个问句，由此可知，设空处也应是一个问句，故将答案锁定在 B项和D
项之间。B项中的how should you ... 与空后一句中的how should you ... 在结构上和语义上均保持一致，而D项
中的why与后文内容无关。故选B项。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角
度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子
的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。
【策略图解】 相似结构线索法
【检测训练】
1
Basically, a phone interview is the first step in the hiring process, as it gives the employer a glance of your
background, personality, and overall fit for the position. 1 . 1. Tell Me About Yourself
More often than not, an interviewer will begin with “tell me about yourself.” 2 . You don't want to sound too
rehearsed, but putting down a few notes on your background can help make this a much easier question to respond to.
2. Prepare for Behavioral Questions
3 . While they aren't always asked on a phone interview, they can tell the interviewer a bit more about yourpersonality without having to meet you in person.
These questions, such as "teil me about a time you demonstrated leadership" are fairly common, and also easy to
prepare for in advance. Take a few minutes to write down bullet points on a time you were a leader or overcame a
difficulty. 4 . Therefore, writing down a few ideas in advance can only help get those creative juices flowing for when
some unexpected questions are asked.
3. Prepare to Explain Employment Gaps
Some individuals have employment gaps in their resume. For most, this relates to college and school breaks, etc. 5 .
Thinking about these gaps beforehand gives you the advantage in terms of being prepared for the line of questioning.
Remember that a phone interview may be the most important part, as it's going to solidify a good first impression
that will help carry you throughout the rest of the process.
A. Behavioral questions are huge.
B. However, these gaps should be avoided if possible.
C. You never know what type of question will be asked.
D. These questions need you to describe your preparation for the target job.
E.But sometimes this means explaining them to avoid making you look bad.
F.Preparing for it requires you to describe your goals that match the position.
G.With that in mind, you can prepare some well-thought-out answers for the commonly asked questions.
【答案】1. G 2. F 3. A 4. C 5. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。电话面试是招聘过程的第一步，因为它让雇主对你的背景、个性和整体适合该职位
有一个大致的了解，文章主要就如何回答一些常见的面试问题提出了一些建议。
1. 根据上文“Basically, a phone interview is the first step in the hiring process, as it gives the employer a glance of
your background, personality, and overall fit for the position.(基本上，电话面试是招聘过程的第一步，因为它让雇
主对你的背景、个性和整体适合该职位有一个大致的了解)”结合后文主要介绍了一些回答常见面试问题的方法，
故G选项“考虑到这一点，你可以为常见的问题准备一些深思熟虑的答案”符合语境，故选G。
2. 根据上文“More often than not, an interviewer will begin with “tell me about yourself.”(通常情况下，面试官会以
“介绍一下你自己”作为开场白)”以及后文“You don't want to sound too rehearsed, but putting down a few notes on
your background can help make this a much easier question to respond to.(你不希望听起来像是排练过的，但是在你
的背景上写下一些注释可以让这个问题更容易回答)”可知，上文提到“介绍一下你自己”这个问题，后文则在
说明如何为这个问题作准备，可知本句属于过渡句，说明如何准备“介绍一下你自己”这个问题，故 F选项
“准备它需要你描述你的目标符合这个职位”符合语境，故选F。
3. 根据小标题“2. Prepare for Behavioral Questions(为行为问题做准备)”以及后文“While they aren't always askedon a phone interview, they can tell the interviewer a bit more about your personality without having to meet you in
person.(虽然在电话面试中不一定会问到这些问题，但它们可以让面试官在不必见到你本人的情况下多了解一些
你的个性)”可知，本段主要是关于如何准备行为问题的答案，A 选项中 Behavioral questions 对应标题中
Behavioral Questions。故A选项“行为问题很重要”符合语境，故选A。
4. 根据后文“Therefore, writing down a few ideas in advance can only help get those creative juices flowing for when
some unexpected questions are asked.(因此，提前写下一些想法可以帮助你在遇到意想不到的问题时迸发出创造
力)”可知，后文提到要写下帮助应对意想不到问题的想法，可见会被问到什么问题并不确定。故 C选项“你永
远不知道会被问到什么样的问题”符合语境，故选C。
5. 根据上文“Some individuals have employment gaps in their resume. For most, this relates to college and school
breaks, etc.(有些人在简历中有工作空白期。对于大多数人来说，这与大学和学校的假期等有关)”以及后文
“Thinking about these gaps beforehand gives you the advantage in terms of being prepared for the line of questioning.
(事先想好这些空白期可以为你的提问做好准备)”可知，上文提到了简历中有工作空白期，后文提到事先想好这
些空白期可以为你的提问做好准备，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明如何应对这些工作空白期，故 E选项“但
有时这意味着解释他们，来避免让你看起来很糟”符合语境，故选E。
2
Two thieves came to a house to steal something. They dug a hole in the wall of the house. One of them crawled into
the house while the other waited outside.
There lived many mice in the house. 6 . . “Look! In comes one,” she said to the man in the house. The thief was so
frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside,“ She found me when I was just
in.” But the thief outside didn’t believe him, so he said, “Let us two try to crawl into the house together.” 7 . The woman
saw the mice and shouted , “In come two. Catch them!” 8 . They started running away at once.
The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they
acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were ploughing in the fields. 9 .
. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. 10 . At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any
longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man
and said, “How they look like the two of last night!” The man said, “I asked you to fetch a rope, why don’t you hurry for
it?” The two thieves ran away very quickly without their sweet potatoes.
A. The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl into the house.
B. The rein broke and the woman came home for a rope.
C. The mice escaped quickly.
D. The two thieves were terribly frightened.E.At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house too.
F.She picked out two which looked like mice.
G.The two men helped to catch the rope for the woman.
【答案】6. A 7. E 8. D 9. B 10. F
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两个小偷想要对农夫家偷窃，却总阴差阳错以为农夫的妻子发现了
他们的故事。
6. 根据上文“There lived many mice in the house.(房子里住着许多老鼠)”以及后文““Look! In comes one,” she
said to the man in the house.(她对房子里的那个人说：“看! 进来一个（老鼠）”)”可知，上文提到了房子里有很
多老鼠，后文提到女人看到有一只老鼠进了屋子，故A选项“那个女人在月光下看见一只老鼠爬进了屋子”符
合语境，故选A。
7. 根据后文“The woman saw the mice and shouted , “In come two. Catch them!”(那个女人看到老鼠就喊道：“进
来两个（老鼠）。抓住他们！”)”可知，后文提到女人看到了老鼠，可知又有老鼠爬进了屋子，故 E选项“这
时恰巧有两只老鼠也爬进了屋子”符合语境，故选E。
8. 根据上文“The woman saw the mice and shouted , “In come two. Catch them!”(那个女人看到老鼠就喊道：“进
来两个。抓住他们！”)”以及后文“They started running away at once.(他们立刻开始逃跑)”可知，本句应当是说
明小偷们听到女人说抓住老鼠的话后的反应：两个小偷被吓坏了，逃跑了。D选项中The two thieves对应后文
中They。故D选项“这两个小偷被吓坏了”符合语境，故选D。
9. 根据上文“The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next
day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were ploughing in the
fields.(两个小偷想弄清楚前一天晚上他们是否被发现了。第二天，他们扮成卖红薯的人来到房子前。这个男人
和这个女人在田里耕作)”以及后文“I asked you to fetch a rope, why don’t you hurry for it ? (我让你去拿一根绳子，
你为什么不快点？)”可知，上文提到男人和女人在田里耕作，后文提到农夫说让女人去拿绳子，可推测本句是
在说明缰绳断了，女人回家拿绳子。故B选项“缰绳断了，女人回家拿绳子”符合语境，故选B。
10. 根据上文“She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some.(她看见两个男人在卖红薯，想买一
些)”以及后文“At the time the man couldn’t wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to
hurry her up. (农夫在田里等得不耐烦了，赶紧从地里跑回来催她)”可知，上文提到女人看见有人卖红薯想买一些，
后文则说农夫等得不耐烦，可推测本句是在说明女人买红薯的经过，她在挑选红薯。故 F选项“她挑了两只看
起来像老鼠的”符合语境，故选F。
3
Before the Second World War, everyone everywhere rode their bicycles—and then with the dawn of the 1950s the
automobile killed the cycling culture. In the 1960s Copenhagen was very polluted and crowded with cars. It took the cityplanners and politicians a long time to reclaim (恢复) the streets of Copenhagen. 11 . Rush hour in Copenhagen is when
45% of the population travel by bicycle to their places of work or study each day. 12 . It looks very different there than
in my home country of Canada—where there is a very low percentage of the population who ride bicycles.
The environmental concern is a minor part of what encourages people to cycle in Copenhagen. 13 . Is there a
linkage to cycling and why Copenhagen is often ranked the happiest city on the planet?
The Danish don’t have big monuments, they have Hans Christian Andersen’s “Little Mermaid (美人鱼),” which is
life-size. This captures the spirit of the city; laid back, practical and responsible. Their monuments are big wind turbines
(发电机).
14 . There are many other renewable energies. We just need to look around mother nature’s playground.
Trees bring rain. When they sway in the wind, they purify the air. 15 . When the leaves drop to the ground, they
help the soil become fertile but hold their shape for a long time—no matter how hard it rains. When you cut down trees
for building, for farming, the land and rivers dry up. The springs as God made them are gone, as is every living thing
found that requires water to survive.
A. Now bikes outnumber cars.
B. We have energy available from the wind.
C. For them, it’s simply a better quality of life.
D. They remove the carbon dioxide from our oxygen.
E.It takes more than geography to get people cycling.
F.This is the coolest bike project in the world right now.
G.Cycling in Copenhagen is an important means of travel.
【答案】11. A 12. G 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。丹麦首都哥本哈根是“自行车上的城市”，这座城市自行车的数量远远超过了汽
车。骑自行车在这座城市还意味着一种顺畅的体验。这个城市是怎样做到的呢？
11. 根据上文“It took the city planners and politicians a long time to reclaim (恢复) the streets of Copenhagen.（哥本
哈根富有远见的城市规划者和政治家花了好长时间才改变了这种车辆拥堵的情况。）”可知，选项A：Now
bikes outnumber cars.（现在（在哥本哈根）自行车的数量已经超过了汽车的数量。）是对前面一句话进一步的
补充，上下句之间是承接关系。故选A。
12. 根据上文“Rush hour in Copenhagen is when 45% of the population travel by bicycle to their places of work or
study each day.（哥本哈根的高峰时间是45%的人口每天骑自行车去工作或学习的地方。）”和下文“It looks
very different there than in my home country of Canada—where there is a very low percentage of the population who
ride bicycles.（它看起来非常不同于我的祖国加拿大，那里的人口骑自行车的比例非常低。）”可知，空处承上启下，说明自行车成为很重要的出行方式。G项：Cycling in Copenhagen is an important means of travel.（在哥本
哈根骑自行车是一种重要的出行方式。）符合语境。故选G。
13. 根据上文“The environmental concern is a minor part of what encourages people to cycle in Copenhagen.（环境
问题只是鼓励人们在哥本哈根骑车的一个小原因）”可知，空处进一步解释说明人们在哥本哈根骑车的原因。
C项：For them, it’s simply a better quality of life.（对他们而言，它（自行车）是一种高质量的生活方式。）符合
语境。故选C。
14. 根据上文“Their monuments are big wind turbines.（他们的纪念碑就是那些风力发电机）”可知，选项B: We
have energy available from the wind.(我们可以利用风力发电机得到能源)与前句前后呼应，且与下文“There are
many other renewable energies.（也有其他形式的可再生能源）”一致。选项起到了衔接前后句的作用，energy是
关键词。故选B。
15. 根据上文“When they sway in the wind, they purify the air.（树木在风中摇摆，能够净化空气）”可知，选项
D：They remove the carbon dioxide from our oxygen.（它们也能够清除氧气中的二氧化碳）与前句是并列关系，
都是指树木的作用。故选D。
4
For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been
considered a grown-up problem. 16 . Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.
Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults
and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily. 17 . This worries doctors because
too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This
causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart
disease.
A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.
18 . British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking
fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.
19 . A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结
石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.
Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the
amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. 20 . Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled
versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be
surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.
A. Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.B. The average American eats twice this amount.
C. Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.
D. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.
E.But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.
F.Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.
G.Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的
不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。
16. 前文“Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)
和选项E中的“salt is starting to affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，
根据后文“Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多
咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表
明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。
17. 根据前文“Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a
teaspoon of sodium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项
B 中的 this amount 是指一茶匙，根据后文“This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body
producing more blood.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄
入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。
18. 根据后文“British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks.
Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood
pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高
血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于
阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。
19. 根据后文“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones”(最近的
一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会
有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。
20. 根据前文“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的
最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不
是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半
的盐。”切合文意。故选F。5
Studying for exams long hours or repeated exposure to a stressful situation may lead to burnout(过度劳累).
Suffering from burnout can result in a reduction in our creativity and productivity. 21 . Here are some tips that may
help you.
Increase your el-efficacy(自我效能). This means you should believe in your ability to complete a task at hand. It
can help you form a feeling that the task is achievable and less tiring. An effective way is to follow a self-efficacy model.
22 . He can have a positive effect on you and make you remain optimistic and confident in your abilities.
23 . Not everyone has creative aspects to their jobs, and therefore, we need to find other approaches to showing
ourselves. We could paint, write or take part in local theater. All of these may help get us out of the extreme stress that
may exist in our working life.
Look after yourself and your surroundings. The consequence is that you are surrounded by a cleaner and more
positive environment. 24 . Have a positive mental attitude towards everything you do, and you'll feel the task is less
stressful. You may feel more competent as well.
Schedule regular social activities. Remember when you used to spend time with friends? You were active and you
had fun when you watched movies and ate meals together. You can regain some of that enjoyable experience by
scheduling regular activities. 25 .
A. Find ways to express our creative sides.
B. Burnout, however, isn't always easy to spot.
C. What can we do to avoid the bad effects of burnout?
D. A cycling with your partner every day will do just fine.
E.This in turn makes you have healthy and positive thoughts.
F.Worried that you are experiencing burnout but unsure of the symptoms?
G.Simply observe a friend or colleague accomplish something meaningful.
【答案】21. C 22. G 23. A 24. E 25. D
【解析】本文为说明文。文章就如何在学习和工作中避免过度疲劳及其不良影响给出了几点建议。
21. 空格前一句“Suffering from burnout can result in a reduction in our creativity and productivity.(过度劳累会降低
我们的创造力和生产力)”指出过度疲劳的危害性，C项“我们能做些什么来避免过度劳累的不良影响呢？”就
此提出问题，下文是一些建议。C项在此承上启下，契合文意。故选C项。
22. 空前一句“An effective way is to follow a self-efficacy model.(一个有效的方法是遵循自我效能模范)”介绍了提
高自我效能的一种有效方法，即向自我效能意识强的模范学习，G项“简单地观察朋友或同事，完成一些有意
义的事情”顺承文意。故选G项。23. 空处是主题句，由空后一句“Not everyone has creative aspects to their jobs, and therefore, we need to find other
approaches to showing ourselves.(不是每个人的工作都有创造性，因此，我们需要找到其他方法来展示自己)”可知，
第三段阐述了如何通过找到表现创造力的方法来摆脱极度压力，A项“找到表达我们创造性的方式”适合作为
本段主题句，故选A项。
24. 前句“The consequence is that you are surrounded by a cleaner and more positive environment.(其结果是你被一
个更清洁、更积极的环境包围着)”指出了照料好自己和周围事物的结果，E项指出这反过来会让你拥有健康和积
极的思想，与前文内容相关联，且E项中“healthy and positive thoughts”与后文中的“positive mental attitude”呼
应，故选E项。
25. 根据空前一句“You can regain some of that enjoyable experience by scheduling regular activities.”可知，你可以
通过安排有规律的活动来重新获得一些愉快的经历，D项“每天和你的同伴一起骑车就很好”给出的是具体的
社交活动，是对前句内容的举例说明，故选D项。
6
Your dentist has probably been telling you to floss for years. 26 . 36% of Americans would rather do something
unpleasant, like clean the toilet, than put string between their teeth.
That’s why many cheered at a news report that flossing might not be necessary. The Associated Press reviewed 25
studies and concluded that flossing didn’t have proven health benefits. Should you throw away your floss? Not so
fast. 27 . One review of 12 studies found that people who brushed and flossed regularly were less likely to have bleeding
gums. 28 . Gum disease, left untreated, can lead to shrinking gums and tooth loss. It is also linked to heart disease, and
many other health conditions. “Your mouth is a mirror for the rest of your body,’ experts say.
29 . Some think more bacteria left in your mouth end up in your bloodstream, where they may contribute to
inflammation in other areas, like your heart. What experts do know is that people who don’t have gum disease are less
likely to have health problems like heart disease.
In fact, many dentists say the reason they recommend flossing isn’t because of research. 30 . “In my practice, it’s
clear that people who floss daily have healthier gums and keep their teeth longer,” a dentist says. It takes less than a
minute, and there’s literally no downside to doing it. But if you skip it, sooner or later you—and your dentist—will
notice a difference.
A. Many dental experts aren’t on board.
B. There are also many benefits in flossing.
C. They had lower levels of gum disease, too.
D. If you’ve refused to do so, you’re not alone.
E.Instead, it’s because of what they see in their patients.F.It takes seven or more years to train a professional dentist.
G.The connection between gum disease and health isn’t entirely clear.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. G 30. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用牙线的相关研究和研究发现。对 12项研究的一项综述发现，经
常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小。每天使用牙线的人有更健康的牙龈，牙齿保存的时间也更长。
26. 根据上文“Your dentist has probably been telling you to floss for years.(你的牙医可能已经告诉你使用牙线很多
年了)”以及后文“36% of Americans would rather do something unpleasant, like clean the toilet, than put string
between their teeth.( 36%的美国人宁愿做一些不愉快的事情，比如洗马桶，也不愿把绳子塞到嘴里)”可知，上文
提到牙医建议使用牙线，后文则说36%的美国人不愿意用牙线，可知本句提出的是不愿意使用牙线的情况，故
D选项“如果你拒绝这样做，你不是一个人”符合语境，故选D。
27. 根据上文“That’s why many cheered at a news report that flossing might not be necessary. The Associated Press
reviewed 25 studies and concluded that flossing didn’t have proven health benefits. Should you throw away your floss?
Not so fast.(这就是为什么有新闻报道称使用牙线可能没有必要时，许多人欢呼雀跃。美联社回顾了25项研究，
得出结论称，用牙线清洁牙齿并没有被证明对健康有益。你应该扔掉你的牙线吗？别急着扔)”可知，上文提到
别急着扔掉牙线，本句为本段最后一句，可推测是在说明不要扔掉牙线的原因是：许多牙科专家并不赞同上文
提到的“用牙线清洁牙齿并没有被证明对健康有益”的观点。故A选项“许多牙科专家并不赞同”符合语境，
故选A。
28. 根据上文“One review of 12 studies found that people who brushed and flossed regularly were less likely to have
bleeding gums.(对12项研究的一项综述发现，经常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小)”可知，上文提
到了研究发现经常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小，可知本句应承接上文继续说明研究发现，C选
项中They指代上文中people who brushed and flossed regularly。故C选项“他们也有较低水平的牙龈疾病”符合
语境，故选C。
29. 根据后文“Some think more bacteria left in your mouth end up in your bloodstream, where they may contribute to
inflammation in other areas, like your heart. What experts do know is that people who don’t have gum disease are less
likely to have health problems like heart disease.(一些人认为，留在口腔中的细菌最终会进入血液，从而导致心脏
等其他部位的炎症。专家们所知道的是，没有牙龈疾病的人患心脏病等健康问题的可能性较小)”可知，后文提
到了口腔中的细菌进入血液，从而导致心脏等其他部位的健康问题，可知本段主要是关于牙龈疾病和健康之间
的联系，G选项中health对应后文中health。故G选项“牙龈疾病和健康之间的联系并不完全清楚”符合语境，
故选G。
30. 根据上文“In fact, many dentists say the reason they recommend flossing isn’t because of research.(事实上，许多
牙医说他们推荐使用牙线的原因并不是由于研究)”可知，上文提到许多牙医说他们推荐使用牙线的原因并不是由于研究，可知本句是在说明牙医推荐使用牙线的真正原因：因为他们在病人身上看到的东西。E选项中they
指代上文dentists。故E选项“相反，这是因为他们在病人身上看到的东西”符合语境，故选E。
7
Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty fat-filled dishes
and sugar-charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
31 . According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China’s
restaurants and online delivery platforms.
32 . According to a report released by a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals ordered
online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
Having a light meal, however, doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical
light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food. 33 . Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light meal.
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. 34 . Diners see it as “a great way to avoid
bloating (变胖),’’ wrote the Telegraph.
These changes in eating behavior are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food, says Walter
Willett, chair of the nutrition department at the Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, US. “Diet quality, not quantity,
is important for both weight control and long-term well-being,” Willett told The New York Times.
So next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal. 35 .
A. So light meals have a promising future.
B. People tend to choose the food that suit their taste.
C. It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.
D. The recent rise of light meals, however, gives diners a smarter choice.
E.The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals.
F.Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables.
G.That’s probably why so many people，especially millennials (千禧一代) are into them.
【答案】31. D 32. E 33. F 34. G 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在很流行的清淡饮食，作者建议下次你和朋友聚会的时候，试着吃一
顿清淡的饭菜。
31. 根据上文“Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty fat-
filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.”（我们很多人都喜欢外出就餐，享受
美味的食物。 我们习惯于选择丰盛的高脂肪食物和含糖甜点，这些在家里不容易做）可知这里指出了一种现象。
根据下文“According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in China’s
restaurants and online delivery platforms.”（据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂肪、高纤维餐食在中国的餐厅和在线外卖平台上很受欢迎）可知这里说明了低热量、低脂肪、高纤维餐食在中国的餐厅和在线外卖平台上很受
欢迎。该空承上启下，指出一种新型餐食的兴起，D选项“然而，近来清淡饮食的兴起给了就餐者一个更明智
的选择”切题，选项中的light meals对应下文中的Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals，故选
D。
32. 根据下文“According to a report released by a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals
ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.”（据某大型在线食品配送平台发布的一份报告显示，在
线订餐的数量也比去年增长了75%）可知该空引出下文，总体上说明在中国，以清淡饮食为主的餐馆迅速增长。
E选项“在中国，以清淡饮食为主的餐馆迅速扩张”切题，选项中的 a rapid expansion对应下文中的rose 75
percent from the previous year，故选E。
33. 根据上文“Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food.”（与不吃肉
的生活方式不同，典型的清淡菜肴不吃油腻、咸和辣的食物）和下文“Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light
meal.”（健康营养是这顿清淡餐的主题）可知这里说明了清淡饮食的特点。该空承上启下，说明清谈饮食的具
体内容，F选项“相反，它含有煮熟的肉、全谷物、水果和蔬菜”切题，选项中的boiled meat, whole grains,
fruits and vegetables与下文中的Healthy nutrients相呼应，故选F。
34. 根据上文“These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight.”（这些菜对保持健康和控制
体重很有用）可知这里说明了这些菜的好处，该空与上文构成因果关系，G选项“这可能就是为什么这么多人
尤其是千禧一代喜欢它们的原因”切题，故选G。
35. 根据上文“So next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal.”（所以下次你和朋友聚会的时候，试着
吃一顿清淡的饭菜）可知这里作者给出一个建议，该空承接上文，解释原因，C选项“它不仅能满足你的胃，
也许还能满足你的心”切题，故选C。
8
Ways to protect eyes from screens
Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big
problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be
helpful.
Get regular eye tests
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测) problems before they develop.
During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. 36 . Tell your doctor
about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space
37 . Studies on computer-related eye strain suggest that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face. Ifthis makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks
This may not always be practical if you're quite busy, but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long.
38 . While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their
computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.
39 . Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many
eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” — looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and
focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects
at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. 40 .
A. Exercise your eyes.
B. Give your eyes a chance to rest.
C. Make your screen more eye-friendly.
D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness.
E.You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.
F.The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.
G.Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.
【答案】36. E 37. F 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临的一个大问题——经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲
劳，文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。
36. 通过下文“Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance. (把这件事告诉
你的医生，这样你的眼睛就能在这个距离上得到更准确的检测)”可知，作者建议将距离告诉医生，以寻求更准
确的检测，可推知，上文是建议大家测距离。E项“你还应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。”符合文意，
且E项中的“distance”与下文一致。故选E项。
37. 通过本段标题“Give your eyes space (给你的眼睛留点空间)”可知，本段主要建议给眼睛留点空间。下文
“that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face (屏幕距离脸部的距离不应小于40厘米)”说明屏幕与脸
部之间应该保持适当距离。F项“手机或电脑屏幕离你的眼睛越近，你的眼睛就越难聚焦。”指出了眼睛离手
机或电脑屏幕近的危害，引出了下文应保持适当距离的建议，符合文意。故选F项。
38. 上文“it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long (不要长时间盯着屏幕很重要)”建议人们不要长
时间盯着屏幕，设空处承上启下。下文“it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours
spent at your screen (建议你每看两个小时屏幕后休息15分钟)”建议人们适当休息。B项“给你的眼睛一个休息的
机会。”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。39. 通过下文“To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” — looking away from your
phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. (为了避
免这种情况，许多眼科专家推荐“20-20-20规则”，也就是每20分钟让眼睛离开手机或电脑屏幕，盯着20英
尺（约合0.9米）以外的物体看至少20秒)”可推知，本段主要建议大家锻炼眼睛来缓解疲劳。A项“锻炼你的
眼睛。”符合段意。故选A项。
40. 上文“The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. (这
个把戏背后的科学原理是，看远处的物体会放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉)”解释了为什么“20-20-20规则”可以放松眼
睛，缓解疲劳。D项“研究表明这是减少疲劳的有效方法。”承接上文，符合文意。故选D项。
