文档内容
Key to Model Test Four
Part I Writing
高分范文 精彩点评
LearningAboutOtherCountriesOnline ①开门见山,描述现象:有关国外的话题
① Topics about foreign countries can always arouse people’s 总能引起人们的好奇心并吸引他们的注意
curiosity and attract their attention. Some people claim that traveling 力。有些人声称出国旅行是了解他国的有
overseas is an effective way to know other countries. However, the 效途径,但反对者认为不必出国,因为网
opponents believe there is no need to visit the country since its relevant 上就有相关的信息。
information is available online. ②From my perspective, I prefer to get to ②给出自己的选择:通过互联网了解外国。
knowothercountriesviatheinternet. ③承上启下,引出原因:上网搜索相关信
③It is undeniable that searching the relevant information online is 息逐渐成为人们了解他国的主要途径。
gradually becoming the main choice for people to learn about a foreign ④⑤使用 On the one hand,… On the other
country. ④On the one hand, netizens can easily gain access to knowledge hand,…具体分析不同的原因,层次分明。
about any country in this era of information explosion. ⑤On the other ⑥恰当引用谚语,增加文采。
hand, learning online can save time as well as money since not everyone ⑦给出结论,首尾呼应。
canmaketimefororaffordthetravel. 加分亮点
Overall, despite the direct benefits traveling abroad may bring, arouseone’scuriosity引起某人的好奇心
searching on the internet is a more efficient and economical approach opponent反对者;对手
because ⑥“Time is your fortune; efficiency is your life.” ⑦Therefore, I netizen网民
am convinced that sitting in front of the screens is advantageous for us to gainaccessto可以获得;有接触的机会
learnothercountries. maketimefor为……腾出时间
Part II Listening Comprehension
SectionA
NewsReportOne
At least three people have died after one of California’s strongest storms in years brought torrential rain and flash
floodstothestate.
(1)More than 100 homes have been evacuated over fears of mud slides near Los Angeles after the Pacific storm,
dubbed a “bombogenesis” or “weather bomb,” parked itself over southern California, opening sinkholes and cutting power
tothousandsofpeople.
More than300flightsatLosAngeles internationalairporthavealso beencancelledordelayed.Thestorm stretched far
outintotheoceanandwasatitsstrongestlateonFridayafternoon.(2)ItisexpectedtolastuntilSaturdayafternoon.
Amtrak cancelled services for much of California’s southern and central coast, and several stretches of road were
closedbyflooding.
There were several traffic deaths on wet and flooded roads, but it was difficult to determine which were a direct result
ofthestorm.
Ryan Maue, a meteorologist for WeatherBELLAnalytics, told the LA Times 10 trillion gallons of rain would fall on
California in the next week, enough to fill 15 million Olympic-sized swimming pools or to power Niagara Falls for 154
days.
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.Whyhavemorethan100homesbeenevacuated?C)
2.Whatdowelearnaboutthestormfromthenewsreport?A)
NewsReportTwo
(3)Abushfire has destroyed at least 15 homes near the New South Wales andAustralian Capital Territory border withpolicewarningthatfigurewillcontinuetorise.
The New South Wales Rural Service(NSW RFS)confirmed the losses near Carwoola on Friday evening and said the
firewasstillburningoutofcontrol.
(4) “Unfortunately we’ve counted at this stage 15 homes that have been lost, particularly around the Widgiewa Road
area,”theRFS’sDarrenMarkstoldABCCanberra.“Atthispointintimethefireisstillgoing,whichmeanswedonothave
controlofit.”
There have beennoreports of fatalities butQueanbeyan policesaid the number ofproperties lost was expectedto rise.
AnRFSfirefighterwashospitalisedwithinjuriesearlieronFriday.
Hotand windy conditions returned to parts of the state on Friday and the RFS urged residents ofCaptains Flat, east of
Queanbeyan, to seek shelter as a fast-moving blaze neared.An RFS emergency warning advised that properties were under
threatandtheABCreportedonehomehadalreadybeenlost.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.WhathappenedtheNewSouthWalesandAustralianCapitalTerritoryborder?B)
4.ThatdidDarrenMarkstellABCCanberra?C)
NewsReportThree
Paris is planning to erect two glass walls near the base of the Eiffel Tower in an effort to keep the monument secure
andlookinggoodinphotographs.
The city has relied on protective metal fences positioned around the base of the tower since the Euro 2016 soccer
championship. The permanent glass walls are designed to replace the metal barriers on the north and south sides of the
monument.
(5)Jean-Francois Martins, he deputy mayor in charge of tourism, said the current metal fences are “disgraceful.” “It is
usefulin terms of security,but itruins the view ofthe monument,” he said in a statement. Monumentfrom Champ de Mars
parkandtheIenaBridge.Botharepopularphotospots.
The city describes the EiffelTower as the most visited fee-paying monument in the world.(6)Entry to the forecourt of
thetowerwillremainfree,Martinssaid.
In January, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo proposed a 15-year, 300 million euro upgrade to the Eiffel Tower.(7)The plan
wouldincludebetterelevators,strongersecurity,refurbishedlightsandanimprovedvisitorentrance.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.WhatdidJean-FrancoisMartinssayaboutthemetalfencesaroundtheEiffelTower?B)
6.WhatdowelearnabouttheEiffelTower?C)
7.WhatisincludedintheplanofupgradingtheEiffelTower?D)
SectionB
ConversationOne
W:SoMark.Whatisyourfavoritehobby?
M:Probablysports.
W:Anytingspecific?Orjustsportsingeneral.
M:Mostsports.Ilikebasketball,football,baseball,golf,tennis,soIguessmostsports.
W:(8-1)Iliketennis.Didyouplayforyourhighschoolteam?
M:(8-2)Yeah.Iplayedontheschoolteamstartingfrommysophomoreyear.Howaboutyou?
W:Iplayedmyjuniorandsenioryear.
M:Whatothersportsdidyouplay?
W:(9)Iplayedvolleyball.Iwouldhavetosayvolleyballismyfavorite.
M:Whatpositiondidyouplay?
W:Iwastheoutsidehitter.
M:That’ssocool.Ididn’tknowyouwereathletic.Itissoraretoseeawomanathletearound.W:Idon’tknowifIwouldconsidermyselfathletic,butIhavefunplayingvolleyball.
M: I play on a co-ed volleyball team every Tuesdays. (10)We’re always looking for more girls to play on our team. Would
youbeinterested?
W:Yeah.Itsoundsfun.Justcallmeanytimeyouneedaplayer.
M:That’sgreat.Sinceweareonthetopicofsports,whatsportdoyouliketowatchontelevision?
W:InevergotintowatchingsportsonTV.SoIreallydon’tknow.
M:NoteventheSuperBowl?
W:OnlywhenthegroupofpeopleI’mwithiswatchingit.IjustneverhadinterestinTVthatmuch.
M:Well,IlikefollowingtheMariners.They’reprettygood.
W:Iliketogoandwatchthemplay.It’sfunwhenyouareactuallythere.
M:(11-1)AbunchofusaregoingtowatchthemplaythisJune.Doyouwanttojoinus?
W:(11-2)Yeah.I’llgo.Ilikethenewstadium.It’sprettycool.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?A)
9.Whatisthewoman’sfavoritesport?D)
10.Whydoesthemaninvitewomantoplayvolleyballonhisteam?C)
11.WhatwillthewomandoinJune?A)
ConversationTwo
W: (12)Excuse me, sir. Do you heave a minute? I am a working staff in this airport. I’d like to have an interview with you
onthefutureimprovementofourfacilities.
M:I’vegotplentyoftime,sojustshoot.
W:Wonderful.Areyouheretakingaflightormeetingsomeone?
M:Iamheretransferringfrommypreviousflighttothenextonewhichisduein4hours.
W:Isee.Howoftendoyoutravelbyplanethen?
M:Quitealot.Iguessabout30timesayearincludingbothbusinesstripsandholidaytrips.
W:Oh.Whatisyoursuggestiononimprovingourfacilitiesinsidetheairportthen?
M: Well.(13) I suggest something like a mini-gym should be built in the future. You know, many people take long flights.
Theycaneasilygetexhausted.Asmallgymwhichincludesmassagingservicewouldbelovely.
W:Thatisagoodsuggestion.Anythingelseyou’dliketoseeintheairport?
M:ThenIwouldfurthersuggestmoregreenplantsshouldbegrownherewhichcanrelievethediscomfortofoureyes.
W:I’llwritethatdown.Howabouttheserviceontheplane?Anythingyouwanttoaddtothecurrentservice?
M:Er…Iwouldliketoseemorevarietiesofthefoodofferedbytheplaneand(14)ifitispossible,morefruitswillbeserved.
Theseasonaloneswilldo.
W:Howaboutthenewspapersandmagazines?Shouldweimproveonthattoo?
M:(15)IthinksofarsogoodbutIdosuggestmorehotmoviesbeplayedthere.
W:Thankyouforyourmarveloussuggestions.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.Whatisthisconversationmainlyabout?B)
13.Whydoesthemansuggestbuildingagymprovidingmassagingserviceinsidetheairport?C)
14.Whatkindoffruitsdoesthemanadvisetheplanetooffer?A)
15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthenewspapersandmagazinesontheplane?B)
SectionC
PassageOne
Astronomers have found at least seven Earth-sized planets orbiting the same star 40 light-years away, according to a
study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. The findings were also announced at a news conference at NASAheadquartersinWashington.
(16)This discovery outside of our solar system is rare because the planets have the winning combination of being
similarinsizetoEarthandbeingalltemperate,meaningtheycouldhavewaterontheirsurfaceandpotentiallysupportlife.
“Thisisthefirsttimethatsomanyplanetsofthiskindarefoundaroundthesamestar,”saidMichaelGillon,leadstudy
authorandastronomerattheUniversityofLiegeinBelgium.
The seven exoplanets were all found in tight formation around an ultra-cool dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1.(17)
Estimates of their mass also indicate that they are rocky planets, rather than being gaseous like Jupiter.Three planets are in
thehabitablezoneofthestar,knownasTRAPPIST-1e,fandg,andmayevenhaveoceansonthesurface.
(18)The researchers believe that TRAPPIST-1f in particular is the best candidate for supporting life. It’s a bit cooler
thanEarth,butcouldbesuitablewiththerightatmosphereandenoughgreenhousegases.
“I think we’ve made a crucial step towards finding if there is life out there,” said Amaury Triaud, one of the study
authors and an astronomer at the University of Cambridge. “I don’t think any time before we had the right planets to
discover and find out if there was life. Here, if life managed to thrive and releases gases similar to what we have on Earth,
wewillknow.”
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.Whyisthediscoveryoutsideofoursolarsystemrare?B)
17.Whatdoestimatesofthemassofthesevenexoplanetsindicate?A)
18.WhydoresearchersthinkthatTRAPPIST-1fisthemostsuitableforlife?C)
PassageTwo
(19)Robots should be taxed at the same level as the people they replace, to help fund better social services and
education,accordingtoMicrosoftco-founderBillGates.
Governments rather than businesses need to take the lead on managing the robotics revolution and ensuring there’s a
plantodealwiththeunemployedworkersitcreatesoverthenext20years,GatestoldQuartz.
“Rightnow,ifahumanworkerdoes$50,000worthofworkinafactory,thatincomeistaxed.Ifarobotcomesintodo
thesamething,you’dthinkwe’dtaxtherobotatasimilarlevel,”hesaid.
Automation probably won’t lead to massive unemployment, but governments will still need to prepare for major
changes, accordingto anew study.(20)Also, with fewer peopleworking, governments will have less income tax to spendat
atimewhenitmayneedmoremoneyratherthanless.
Gates argues that governments should raise taxes on robots to slow down adoption and provide the time needed to
deviseprogramsthatcreateanetbenefitfromthisexcesslabor.
(21) “You cross the threshold of job-replacement of certain activities—warehouse work, driving, room cleanup.
Certainly,inthenext20years,beingthoughtfulaboutthatextrasupplyisanetbenefit.It’simportanttohavethepoliciesto
gowiththat,”Gatessaid.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.WhatdoesBillGatessayaboutrobots?C)
20.Whatwillhappentogovernmentswiththeadoptionofautomationaccordingtoanewstudy?C)
21.WhatkindofworkerswillprobablybesubstitutedbyrobotsinthefutureaccordingtoGates?C)
PassageThree
Isthereanyworsefeelingthanwakinguplate?
Whether it’s your mom screaming for you to wake up or your iPhone buzzing with messages from work, there’s no
worsewayto experiencethelightofdaythanwithaswellingpitatthebottomofyourstomachthatdropsatthemomentof
consciousness.
(23)The worst part is you can’t justify your actions. You want to tell your mom why you’re so tired—because you
stayeduptill2am,readingthemostfascinatingbook.
The same will happen with your boss.You can’t explain that you were late for the third time this month because youwere researching the life of an earthworm. People don’t want to hear your “excuses.” They want you to get yourself
together.
To you, there’s nothing to wake up for but so much to stay awake through. (24)That’s when your ideas happen, your
bursts of energy explode and your moments of peace come over you: when there are no distractions, no plans and no
obstaclesinyourwaybuttheexpandinghorizonoflight.
That’s also why you’re smarter.According to research published in The Huffington Post, those who deviate from the
normal sleep schedule are considered more intelligent. This finding is supported by research suggesting that those who
createnewevolutionarypatternsarethemostprogressive.
It makes sense.After all, those who are the first to change are always the most progressive and intelligent in a society.
And according to researchers at the University of Madrid, after analyzing the sleeping patterns of 1,000 students,(25)they
found that those who went to bed later scored higher on inductive reasoning tests—a test normally associated with general
intelligence.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.Whatisthispassagemainlytalkingabout?A)
23.Whatistheworstpartofwakinguplate?B)
24.Whydosomepeopleprefertostayuplate?B)
25.Onwhichaspectdothepeoplewhogotobedlatescorehigher?D)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
SectionA
选项归类
名词:D)curiosity好奇心,好奇; E)evidence证据,证明; G)facility天赋,才能; H)fact事实,实际;
I)flexibility灵活性,弹性; M)mistake错误,过失
动词:F)explained解释,阐明; K)informed预示;通知;O)shaping塑造,使成形
形容词:A)better更好的; C)contrary相反的,对立的; J)identical完全相同的,同一的;L)likely可能的
副词:B)competitively有竞争力地,好竞争地;N)selectively有选择地
详解详析:
26.答案:A)better
详解:空格前面是不定冠词a,后面是名词guess,因此需要填入形容词来修饰guess,通过分析句子结构可知,
空格之后为than引导的比较状语从句,因此空格处需要填入形容词的比较级。本句前半部分提及询问一位美国右翼
人士有关气候变化带来的危害,后半部分比较了了解他们政治立场前后所猜的答案。而上一句中指出“如果你问一
位英国左翼人士对核能安全的想法,你一定能猜到他的答案“。由此可知,在了解政治立场的情况下猜出的答案一
定更准确,此处应选择与准确意义相近的形容词,所以A)better为答案。
27.答案:K)informed
详解:空格前面是shouldbe,后面是byscience,通过分析句子结构可知,该句为被动语态,因此空格处需要填
入动词的过去分词。本句提到的“像这样的问题”,是指类似前两句列举的问题,即通过了解对方政治倾向就能猜
到答案的问题,而byscience,notourpoliticaltribes表明这种问题的答案应该由科学预示出,而不是政治派系,K)
informed“预示;通知”为本题答案。
28.答案:O)shaping
详解:空格前面是动词短语stop…from,后面为名词短语yourbroaderworldview,因此空格处需要填入动词的现
在分词.本句提到“长久以来,心理学表明,学历和智力不会妨碍你的政见_______一个更为广泛的世界观”,备选
词中只有一个现在分词O)shaping“塑造,使成形”,并且shapeworldview表示“塑造世界观”的意思,因此O)shaping
为本题答案。
29.答案:D)curiosity
详解:空格前面是破折号,根据破折号之前的名词短语alesswell-recognisedtrait可知,此处的破折号是用来表示
具体的品质或突出同位语,因此空格处应填入名词。本句以Instead开头,提示我们真实情况与上文相反,即权衡
事实的能力可能取决于一种较不为人公认的品质,备选项中只有D)curiosity“好奇心,好奇”符合原文意思,故为本题答案。
30.答案:E)evidence
详解:空格前面是量词amountainof作修饰语,因此空格处应填入可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。空格处之
后是不定式短语toshow“表明”作为后置定语,用来修饰该名词。结合以上两点可知,备选项中只有不可数名词
E)evidence“证据,证明”符合语义,故为本题答案。
31.答案:M)mistake
详解:空格前是不定冠词a,因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式。本句提到“这也是为什么以为摆出更多事
实就能够‘纠正’人们对某个问题的看法是一个________”,此处的“这”是指代上一句中提到的“政治不仅会帮
助预测人们对一些科学问题的看法;它还会影响人们如何解释新信息”,该观点与本句中的想法相矛盾,表明本句
中的想法是错误的,因此M)mistake“错误,过失”为本题答案。
32.答案:N)selectively有选择地
详解:空格前面是不定式符号to,后面为动词reject,因此空格处需要填入副词,修饰其后的动词。该不定式短
语用作后置定语,修饰名词tendency,后半句的意思是“许多研究表明人们来往往______拒绝承认与其现有观点不
符的事实”,而前半句又指出“认为摆出更多的事实就能够‘纠正’人们对某个问题的看法,这是错误的”,因而
N)selectively“有选择地”符合语义,为本题答案。
33.答案:L)likely
详解:空格在系动词are之后,因此需要填入形容词作表语。该段第一句提到“更聪明的人很难受到偏见的影响
从而动摇其观点吧?”,第二句中的Wrong表明接下来的观点与第一句相反,即“那些受教育程度最高,数学能力
最强,自我反思倾向最强的人最______抵制与其偏见相矛盾的信息”。由此可知,此处应选择表示肯定意义的形容
词,belikelyto为固定搭配,表示“可能的”,因此L)likely为答案。
34.答案:G)facility
详解:空格前为动词have和定冠词the,因此空格处应填入名词。本句中的thosecognitivepowers指代定语从句
中have的宾语,由此可知空格处应填入与能力相关的名词,因此G)facility“天赋,才能”为本题答案。
35.答案:C)contrary
详解:空格前面是副词apparently,后面是名词evidence,因此需要填入形容词。本句中and连接两个并列的不定
式tojustifywhattheyalreadybelieve和findreasonstodismissapparently______evidence,不定式作目的状语,该句指
出“那些对问题有深度思考能力的人使用这些认知力的目的是为其固有的观点辩护并找理由否定明显______的证
据。”由此可知,此处应填入表示相反的意思的词,因此C)contrary“相反的,对立的”为答案。
SectionB
语篇分析
本文主要分析了网络匿 A)~B)段分析了作者建议修整互联网是因为互联网的衰退。
名对网络生活造成的不 C)~I)段分析了网络匿名对网络生活造成的不良影响。
良影响,并给出了修整互 J)~M)段提出了修整网络的措施和建议,以及这样做的益处。
联网的建议
详解详析:
36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many [E] All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could
thingsonlineanonymously. make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously.
译文:单向超链接能让用户们在网上匿名做许多事。 Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email
定位:由题干中的Theone-wayhyperlinks,domany anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into
things和anonymously定位到原文E)段画线处。 someone’sserversordatabases,youcoulddoitanonymously.
详解:E)段第一句中的that是指代D)段第三句中提到的单向超连接thelinkswereone-way。因此,由该段第一句
可以推出,单向超链接保护了匿名的行为,而第二句至第六句具体介绍了五种匿名行为则可概括为domanythings
onlineanonymously。题干是对该段的终结,故E)为答案。
37. Although anonymity can make people conceal their [G] Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a
identityonline,nowithaspoisonedtheironlinelife. hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager译文:尽管匿名能让人们在网上隐藏他们的身份,但如 publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This
今它已毒害了人们的网络生活。 has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted
定位:由题干中的concealtheiridentity和poisonedtheir cyberbullying,andmadeemailarisk.
onlinelife定位到原文G)段画线处。
详解:G)段前四句表明在网络上没有人能认出你是谁,最后一句则揭示了网络匿名给人们网络生活造成的负面影
响。题干中concealtheiridentity是对定位中nobodycantell的同义转述;而该段最后一句中介绍了几种负面影响可
以概括为poisonedtheironlinelife,故G)段答案。
38. To adopt the voluntary system would be [M]The benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with
advantageous to our online life in a number of your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could
aspects. reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate
译文:使用该自愿系统会在许多方面有利于我 on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying,
们的网络生活。 trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a
定位:由题干中的 advantageous 和 a number of morecivildiscourse.
定位到原文M)段画线处。
详解:M)段第一句表明上文提到的自愿系统好处很多,后四句则从四个方面列举了自愿系统给我们的网络生活带
来的好处。它是处理资产和医疗记录简便安全的方法;是奖赏有价值内容的小额支付系统,而不是当前集中于广告
点击的刺激手段;减少了黑客行为、垃圾邮件、网络欺凌、钓鱼诈骗和匿名泄愤;还可能带来更加文明的言论。题
干中的advantageous和anumberof 分别对应定位句中的benefits和many,题干是对该段内容的概括,故M)为答案。
39. There are several [J]Ifwecouldstartfromscratch,here’swhatIthinkwewoulddo:
ways to reduce anonymity if Greate a system that enables contentproducers to negotiate with aggregators (整
we can rebuild the internet 合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has
fromtheverybeginning. negotiatedforpublicperformancesandradioairingsofitsmembers’works.
译文:如果我们能从头开始 Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small
重建互联网,有几种途径可 paymentsforsongs,blogs,articles,andwhateverotherdigitalcontentisforsale.
用来降低匿名性。 Encodeemailswithanauthenticatedreturnororiginatingaddress.
定位:由题干中的 several Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible,
ways 和 from the very such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to
beginning 定位到原文 J)段 programmerstoincorporatesecurityintoeverylineofcodetheywrite.
画线处。 Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those
who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata (元数据) that describe
whattheycontainandgivetherulesforhowitcanbeused.
详解:J)段定位句表明,如果我们能从头开始,我想以下几点是我们该做的。原文第一段第一句就提到应该修整
网络了,接着介绍其原因是匿名对网络生活造成了危害。由此可知,定位句中的startfromscratch是指重建网络。
题干中的severalways和fromtheverybeginning分别对应定位句中的whatIthinkwewoulddo和startfromscratch,
故J)为答案。
40. The author suggested inventing a [L]Sothebestapproach,Ithink,wouldbetotrytocreateavoluntarysystem,
systemtoletpeoplego onlineanonymously for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and
ornotastheywish. authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they
译文:作者建议创建一个系统让人们能按 wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us
照自己的意愿匿名或不匿名上网。 who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who
定位:由题干中的inventing和astheywish are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the
定位到原文L)段画线处。 realworld.
详解:L)段第一句表明作者建议创建一个自愿系统,后四句则指出人们可用匿名或实名上网。题干中的inventing
和astheywish分别是定位句中create和voluntary的同义转述,故L)为答案。
41. The author thinks the internet should be [B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting
fixed not because he is afraid of new the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span
technologiesbutbecauseproblemsariseinit. of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log译文:作者认为应该修整互联网并不是因为他 off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have
害怕新技术,而是因为互联网本身出现的问 existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing
题。 would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne
定位:由题干中的afraid,newtechnologies和 andallofitsdigitaloffshoots.WhatIfeelsadforisitsdecline.
problems定位到原文B)段画线处。
详解:B)段定位句表明,自从柏拉图担心书写技术会危及记忆力和演讲术以来,对新技术产生的忧虑就一直存在。
我热爱互联网及其所有的数码衍生物。而我惋惜的是它到衰退。该段第一句中的this指代A)段第一句:我们该修整
互联网了。由此推知,作者认为应该修整互联网并了,并不是因为他对象柏拉图那样担心新技术,而是因为这项新
技术的衰退。题干中的isafraidof对应定位句中的worriesabout;problems对应定位句中的decline。题干是对定位句
的概括,故B)为答案。
42. Pubic opposition could become one of the [K]Most internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from
biggestobstaclestocarryingoutthereforms. Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to
译文:公众的反对可能会成为实施这些改革的 Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “Wedon’t need
最大障碍之一。 to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a
定位:由题干中的Pubicopposition,obstacles matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people,
和carryingoutthe reforms 定位到原文K)段画 understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they
线处。 sometimeslabelprivacy.
详解:K)段定位句表明,实施这些改革,问题不在于技术,而在于成本和社会意愿。可以理解为,有些人会抵制
对匿名的任何消减行为,因为他们有时把匿名称为隐私。定位句中的them指代该段第一句中提到的thesereforms。
由此推知,实施这些改革时遇到的主要问题是成本和社会意愿,而该段最后一句进一步解释了社会意愿就是指人们
的抵制。题干中的 Pubic opposition 对应定位句中的 social will 和 resist; carrying out the reforms 是定位句中
Implementingthem的同义转述,故K)为答案。
43. The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato [I] It Plato’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put
hasbeenshownontheinternet. iton, andyou’re invisibleandanonymous.ThequestionthatPlato
译文:柏拉图提到的匿名风险在互联网中得到了印 asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral.
证。 He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no
定位:由题干中的Plato和shownontheinternet定 longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day
位到原文I)段画线处。 moresitesareeliminatingcommentssections.
详解:I)段定位句表明,互联网已证明他是正确的。该句中的him指代上文中提到的Plato。前四句介绍了柏拉图
的观点,他认为人们戴上也能隐身和匿名的盖吉士戒指后并不会表示的有礼貌和有道德。而最后一句又指出每天都
有更多的网站在删除留言板。由此推知,互联网的这些表现已证明了柏拉图关于匿名的观点。题干中的shownonthe
internet是定位句Theinternethasproven的同义转述,故I)为答案。
44. People used to think that anonymity online [F] For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its
didmoregoodthanharm. drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was
译文:人们故去通常认为网络匿名利大于弊。 especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding
定位:由题干中的moregoodthanharm定位到原 a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New
文F)段画线处。 Yorkercartoon,“OntheInternet,nobodyknowsyou’readog.”
详解:F)段定位句表明,多年以来,网络匿名利大于弊。题干中的didmoregoodthanharm是对定位句中的the
benefits…outweigheditsdrawbacks的同义转述,故F)为答案。
45.Itisthedesign oftheinternetthatmakesit [C]Thereisabuginitsoriginaldesignthatatfirstseemedlikeafeature
impossible to find out where the information but has gradually, and now rapidly,been exploited by hackers and trolls
comesfrom. and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their
译文:正是互联网的设计让人无法照出网上信 destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched
息的来源。 network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but
定位:由题干中的thedesignoftheinternet,find that’snottruewiththepacket-switcheddesignoftheinternet.
out和comesfrom定位到原文C)段画线处。
详解:C)段定位句表明,在“线路交换”的网络里,你能追踪或追溯到信息的来源,但在互联网的“分组交换”设计里并非如此。由此推知,由于“分组交换”设计,人们不可能在互联网里追踪或追溯到信息的来源。题干中的
findout和comesfrom分别是对定位句中trackortraceback和theorigins的同义转述,故C)为答案。
SectionC
PassageOne
全文翻译:
在当今世界,网络社交媒体不仅影响力大增,同时也成了全球最具破坏性的东西。(46)虽然随着时间的推移,
各代人都已开始接受社会网络所带来的变化,但青少年和年轻人才是这些网站最狂热的用户。各项关于社交网络领
域的调查研究表明,这些网站正在给年轻人的生活造成巨大的冲击。(49-1)使用诸如推特、脸谱或者聚友这些网
站时,会对年轻人产生正面和负面影响。
首先,社交媒体不仅有助于年轻人和其他用户实时了解世界各地发生的事情,还能帮助青少年彼此保持联系和
互动,即便他们相距甚远。这加强了他们之间的关系。即使他们毕业迁居了,他们仍可以保持联系并了解对方近况。
(47)此外,社交媒体网站提供了一个平台,借此,年轻人可以基于共同的学科来创建小组和网页,并通过更
新各种讨论话题,最终为他们各自的事业建立关系网和创造机会。接受采访的年轻人说道,社交媒体已变成他们的
生活方式,这让他们的生活变得更加轻松和高效。
虽然一方面,社交网站似乎能把人们聚集起来并保持联系,但另一方面,它引发了许多身心健康问题,例如眼
部感染、背部问题等。(48)许多人还提到了社交网络的其他负面影响,包括了助长错误的拼写和语法盛行,把未
成年人暴露给网络猎手,允许被视为事实的错误信息传播,降低了哪些本应在工作却把时间花在网站上聊天的人的
工作效率,为网络欺凌提供了一个完美的平台,以及提供了详细信息增加了身份被盗用的风险。
“我们拥有越多的社交媒体,我们就越认为彼此联系紧密,但实际上我们却正在相互失联。”
(49-2)总之,社交网络显然对年轻人既有正面影响也有负面影响。要以正确还是错误的方式去使用它完全由
个人决定。
详解详析:
46. 答案:D)
定位:由题干中的thefirstparagraph定位到第一段。
详解:事实细节题。第一段第二句提到,虽然随着时间的推移,各代人都已开始接受社交网络带来的变化,但
青少年和年轻人才是这些网站最为狂热的用户。由此可知,社交媒体网站最狂热的用户或粉丝就是年轻人,故答案
为D)。A)“线上或线下社交媒体都发展迅速”,第一段第一句中仅指出在当今世界,网络社交媒体影响力大增,
并未讨论线下社交媒体的发展速度,故排除;B)“社交媒体网站经常被攻击”,文章第一段第一句提到网络社交媒
体已成为全球最具破坏性的东西,这是指网络社交媒体破坏别的东西,而不是社交媒体网站被攻击,故排除;C)“社
交媒体所带来的影响从一开始就为人们所接受”,第一段第二句提到随着时间的推移,各代人都已开始接受社交网
络的所带来的变化,由此可知,人们对社交媒体的接受态度是一个渐进的过程,该选项与原文表述不符,故排除。
47. 答案:B)
定位:由题干中的youngpeople和platform定位到第三 段第一句。
详解:推理判断题。有定位句可推断,年轻人使用社交媒体网站提供的平台目的之一是为他们各自的事业建立
关系网和创造机会,也就是说,为他们未来的职业生涯打基础,故答案为B)。A)“为了提高他们的学业成绩”和C)
“为了锻炼他们的辩论能力”,原文并未谈及年轻人使用这些平台的目的是与与学业成绩和辩论能力有关,故均排
除;D)“为了改变他们的生活方式”,由该段第二句可知,改变他们的生活方式是社交媒体造成的结果,并非他们
使用这些平台的目的,故排除。
48. 答案:B)
定位:由题干中的thedisadvantagesofsocialnetworking定位到第四段第二句。
详解:推理判断题。定位句主要介绍了社交网络的几个弊端,根据“把未成年人暴露给网络猎手”可以推出弊
端之一是将未成年人置于危险之中,故答案为B)。A)“使口语错误更为盛行”,定位句提到助长错误的拼写和语法
盛行,这些都是笔头错误,而不是口语错误,故排除;C)“传播谎言和谣言”,定位句直接提及允许被视为事实的
错误信息传播,无需推断,故排除;D)“泄漏用户的个人信息”,由定位句可推断出用户的个人信息可能泄露,但
这并非作者主要暗示的社会网络弊端,故排除。
49. 答案:A)定位:由题干中的Theauthor’sattitude定位到第一段最后一句和最后一段。
详解:观点态度题。作者在第一段最后一句提到,使用诸如推特、脸谱或者聚友这些网站时,会对年轻人产生
正面和负面影响。在最后一段又提到,社交网络显然对年轻人既有正面影响也有负面影响,要以正确还是错误的方
式去使用它完全由个人决定。由此推断,作者对社交媒体持客观的态度,故答案为A)。
50. 答案:C)
定位:由题干中的themaintopicofthispassage定位到全文。
详解:主旨大意题。作者开篇提到了网络社交媒体对年轻人既有正面影响也有负面影响。紧接着在第二、三段
介绍了其正面影响,第四、五段介绍了其负面影响。最后一段再次强调网络社交媒体最终给年轻人带来的正面影响
或负面影响完全取决于个人。综合考虑,C)“网络社交媒体对年轻人的影响”最接近全文主旨,为正确答案。A)
“对网络社交媒体历史的介绍”原文第一段对网络社交媒体的历史作了一个简短的介绍,但并非全文的重点,故排
除;B)“对网络社交媒体的研究”,文章只在第一段第三句提到“调查研究”,但是指各项关于社交网络领域的调
查研究表明,这些网站正在给年轻人的生活造成巨大的冲击,故排除;D)“使用网络社交媒体的正确方法”原文并
未提及,故排除。
PassageTwo
全文翻译:
(51)大城市空气污染的有毒气体排放量降至更安全水平看似简单,实则并不容易——这需要决心。然而,尽
管众所周知英国空气污染的罪魁祸首是柴油车辆,但政府多年来对此视而不见。
自2010年起,英国大部分地区的二氧化碳浓度一直超标。2015年,86%的主要城区都超过了年限额。(52-1)
减少这种污染意味着要遏制柴油机的排放,这可采取多项有效措施。
在市中心设立一些禁止污染严重的车辆入内或对其收费的区域非常重要,而保障市民骑车和步行的安全也会减
少城市交通量。
环保巴士和出租车可以发挥重要作用,同时需要调整那些鼓励人们购买柴油车而不是环保汽车的不合理税收。
(52-2)还有一些人支持恢复实施旧车报废计划,该计划曾见证了污染严重的老旧车辆被淘汰。
(53)环保部和交通部对这一切非常清楚,还曾在内部提出了很多类似的措施,结果财政部却否决了其中的大
部分,并辩称“从政治角度来看,这些措施实施起来会非常困难,尤其是考虑到对汽车驾驶员的影响。”
(54-3)汽车驾驶员恰恰受空气污染的影响尤为严重,但政府面临的真正政治困难是两年内遇到了两起不光彩
的法律败诉案,案件中法官判决政府的空气污染治理计划太糟糕,因而非法。
(54-2)大臣们如今被迫提出第三套方案,但是清洁空气区和汽车税收改革都需要时间来净化空气。然而,英
国政府在应急措施方面也很落后。
(55)当12月份雾霾突然袭击巴黎时,当地官员立即采取了行动。免费使用公共交通设施,限制上路汽车的
数量,根据车牌的单双号交替限行。在英国,同一个月的雾霾期间,政府只是发了几条推特。
问题的根源在于柴油车,在确保其行驶在实际路面上时达到法定排放标准这一方面,欧洲各国政府都相继完败。
汽车制造商们耍花招通过法定测试已被大众汽车的丑闻公之于众。政府正在上演将所谓的驾驶员的自由置于公民的
肺部健康和身体健康之上这一丑行。
详解详析:
51. 答案:B)
定位:由题干中的fixingairpollution和thefirstparagraph定位到第一段。
详解:推理判断题。由该段第一句可知,作者认为,把城市空气污染的有毒气体排放量降至更安全的水平看似
简单,实则并不容易——这需要决心。紧接着作者在下一句对决心进行了具体的解释,尽管众所周知英国空气污染
的罪魁祸首是柴油车辆,但政府多年来对此视而不见。由此推断,作者认为解决空气污染需要的是政治决心,故答
案为B)。A)“治理空气污染是轻而易举的事情”,定位句提到这并不容易,该选项与原文表述相反,故排除;C)
“治理空气污染是主要问题”,定位段第二句提到thekeyculprit,但此处指英国空气污染的主要原因,并未表明解
决空气污染是主要问题,故排除;D)“治理空气污染还有很长的路要走”,文中并没有提到解决空气污染所需时间
的长短,故排除。
52. 答案:A)
定位:由题干中的ascrappagescheme定位到第二段最后一句和第四段最后一句。详解:推理判断题。第二段最后一句提到,减少这种污染意味着要遏制柴油机的排放,这可采取多项有效措施。
这是一个承上启下的句子,概括了第三段和第四段的主要内容,第四段最后一句指出,还有一些人支持恢复实施旧
车报废计划,该计划曾见证了污染严重的老旧车辆被淘汰。由此可知,旧车报废计划也是措施之一,这些人支持旧
车报废计划的目的是为了淘汰污染严重的老旧车辆,从而遏制柴油车的排放,故答案为A)。B)“为了鼓励使用旧车”
和C)“为了淘汰低端旧车”与第四段最后一句的表述不符,故均排除;D)“为了减少交通事故”,原文并未提及交
通事故,故排除。
53. 答案:D)
定位:由题干中的theTreasury定位到第五段。
详解:推理判断题。由定位段的可以推出,对于环保部和交通部提出的治理污染措施,财政部认为实施起来非
常困难,从而否决了大部分措施,尤其是考虑到它们对汽车驾驶员的影响,故答案为D)。A)“非常清楚空气污染
的现状”,定位句提到清楚这一问题是环保部和交通部,并未提及财政部是否清楚现状,该项与原文表述不符,可
以排除;B)“反对几乎每一项减少空气污染的提议”定位句提到财政部否决了大部分的提议而不是几乎每一项,故
排除;C)“认为治污措施成本过高,难以实施”,文中提到这些措施实施起来非常困难是由于政治原因,而不是经
济原因,故排除。
54. 答案:B)
定位:由题干中的athirdairpollutionplan定位到第六段和第七段第一句。
详解:推理判断题。第六段提到,政府面临的真正政治困难是两年内遇到的两起不光彩的法律败诉案,案件中
法官判决政府的空气污染治理计划太糟糕,因而非法。紧接着第七段第一句又指出大臣们如今被迫提出第三套方案。
由此推出,英国大臣们不得不提出第三套空气污染治理方案,是因为前两套被判非法,不能使用,故答案为B)。A)
“因为司机受空气污染的影响最严重”,第六段提到汽车驾驶员恰恰受到空气污染的影响尤为严重,但这是为了讽
刺上文中财政部由于汽车驾驶员的原因而否决大部分治污措施,与提出的第三套方案无关,可以排除;C)“长期解
决方案被政府忽视”,原文并未提及政府是否忽视长期解决方案,故排除;D)“应急措施落后”,与第七段第二句
提到英国政府的在应急措施方面也很落后,但这是为了说明当前没有合适的应急措施作为第三套方案,而不是大臣
们被迫提出第三套方案的原因,故排除。
55. 答案:C)
定位:由题干中的French和December定位到第八段前两句。
详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,当12月份雾霾突然袭击巴黎时,当地官员立即采取了行动,免费使用公共交
通设施,限制上路汽车的数量,根据车牌的单双号交替限行。由此推断,法国政府采取的措施之一是根据车牌号对
汽车限行,故答案为C)。A)“建立清洁空气区”和B)“改革汽车税收”,这两项措施是针对英国政府而言,并未
提及法国政府是否采取了相同措施,故排除;D)“在推特上发表几篇声明”,第八段第三句提到这是英国政府在同
一月的雾霾期间所采取的措施,故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
In the Western Han Dynasty, China’s fleets sailed as far as India and Sri Lanka where China’s silk was traded for
products like colored glaze and pearls. The Tang Dynasty was a dynamic period of the exchanges and cooperation with
foreign countries in Chinese history. According to historical records, the number of countries which China exchanged
envoys and kept onfriendly terms with duringthe TangDynasty was up to 70,andChang’an,the capitalof Tang, gathered
envoys, merchants and overseas students from across the world. This large-scale exchange promoted notonly the spread of
Chineseculturetotherestoftheworld,butalsotheintroductionoftheculturesandproductstoChina.
难点注释
1.第一句中,翻译“中国的船队到达了印度和斯里兰卡”时使用增译法,增加asfaras,以表达原文内涵意义;该句
谓语“到达”也可译为reached,但sailed更为形象;“用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃、珍珠等物品”译成where引导的
定语从句,修饰先行词IndiaandSriLanka。
2.第二句中,“活跃期”可直译为adynamicperiod;“对外交流”则译成名词短语theexchangesandcooperationwith
foreigncountries。3.第三句含有两个并列分句。第一个分句中,“唐代中国通使交好”可译为which/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行
词countries,其中“通使交好”译为并列谓语exchangedenvoysandkeptonfriendlytermswith;“多达”可译为短语
upto。第二个分句汇总,“那时候的首都”译成thecapitalofTang,作主语Chang’an 的同位语;“云集成群”可译
为gathered/assembled;“来自各国”则译成介词短语fromacrosstheworld。
4.最后一句中,主语“这个大交流”可译成Thislarge-scaleexchange;两个宾语由并列连词notonly…butalso…连接,
翻译这两个宾语“中华文化远播世界”和“各国文化和物产传入中国”时可使用词类转换法,将原文转译成两个名
词短语thespreadofChineseculturetotherestoftheworld和theintroductionoftheculturesandproductstoChina。