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六级模拟卷（二）——答案解析
Part I Writing
高分范文 精彩点评
OnaGapYearofHighSchoolGraduates ①开门见山，直入主题，即gapyear空挡年。
① Recently, interest in the gap year, a year off before entering ②直接表明自己的观点：空挡年有利于学生
college, has grown rapidly. ②In my viewpoint, this gap year can help 更好地了解世界和自我。
students better understand the world and themselves before entering the ③④论证为什么要了解世界及如何去了解
college. 世界。
③ Firstly, having fully immersed themselves in the ocean of ⑤用notonly…butalso…句式表明了解世界
knowledge, students need to take a break to dig into the world. ④They 的益处。
can do something that they are interested in, like volunteers in the ⑥用 Furthermore 进一步论证空挡年的重要
non-profit organizations. ⑤The experiences, in turn, will not only help 性，即更好地了解自己的兴趣，并规划未来。
them grasp some basic skills but also widen their horizons. ⑥ ⑦总结全文，对未来提出呼吁和畅想。
Furthermore, a gap year helps one to have a clearer knowledge of his 加分亮点
academic major and define his future direction in life. After a year of immersedthemselvesin 沉浸于，专注于
real contact with the society, one can easily find his inner interest and diginto…对……进行挖掘，对……深入研究
potential,whichwillguidehimtochoosetherightwayoflife. widentheirhorizons 扩大……视野
⑦To summarize, agap year,if managedproperly,wouldprove tobe definehis future direction 确定某人的未来方
a brilliant and fruitful period for students because they will strive hard for 向
theirambitionsastheycontinuecollegeeducation.
Part II Listening Comprehension
SectionA
ConversationOne
W:Hi,Mark,whatcanIdoforyou?
M: (1)I’m just filling out this approval for graduation form for the Dean’s office and I hope I will be able to graduate next
semester.
W:Well, as long as you’ve met the departmental requirements and you submit form on time, you shouldn’t have any
problem. Make sure you include all the classes you will have taken for your degree in finance and the optional courses
too.
M: (2)Yeah, but as I kook over the form, I get confused because they’ve changed the requirements, so mow I’m not sure if
I’llqualifytograduatenextsemester.IknowIwould’vebefore,undertheoldrequirements.
W:Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses because of the increasing
globalization of business, we made sure that students would finish it through their second year, that is, those who were
intheirorfourthyearwouldn’tbeaffected.Thenewrulesonlyapplytostudentsintheirfirstorsecondyear.
M: Oh, that’s good to know. I am planning to take a management course next semester but I don’t know if it will count
towardmymajor.
W:What’sthecourse?
M:Organizationalbehaviour.
W:(3)Yes, that’ll counttoward your major.That’s a difficultclass, you know,butwell worth it. So it looks like you’ll have
alltherequiredclassesyouneed,youshouldbejustfine.Iassumeyou’vetakenaseminar?
M:Yeah,Itookthemarketingseminar.
W:OK, you’re looking good. (4)Justto be on the safe side, why don’t you talk to someone in the Dean’s office before you
givethemtheform?
M: OK. So should I just explain to them that even though one of these classes got changed from an elective to a required
第 1 页class,Idon’thavetotakeit?
W:Yes,you’vemettherequirementsforgraduation.Andifthere’ssomethingIneedtodo,letmeknow.
M:OK,thanks.I’llletyouknowifIneedyourhelp.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?C)
2.Whatisthemanconfusedabout?A)
3.Howdoesthewomancommentonthecourseinorganizationalbehaviour?B)
4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?D)
ConversationTwo
W:JimWhiteiseditorofBusinessTravelWeekly.Jim,thanksforbeingontheshow.Now,whatkindofproblemsdoairline
passengersfacenowadays?
M: (5-1)Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. All airports have a limit to the number of
take-offsandlandingstheycanhandle.
W:Sowhatseemstobetheproblem?
M:(5-2)Allflightsfromabusyairportarriveandleaveatmoreorlessthesame time.If60aircraftarescheduledtotakeoff
between 5 and 5:15, andthe airport can only handle 120 an hour,some will always be late landing or taking-off.And if
theweatherisbad,youcanimaginewhatthesituationislike.
W:Sowaitingattheloungeorontheplaneisquitecommon.
M: Certainly.And another problem is over-booking. If you decide to volunteer to go on the next flight out, you may get a
cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight.(6)And worse still, you arrive
withconfirmedreservationandyoudiscoveryou’vebeenbumpedofftheflight.
W:Presumably,ifyouchoosetotravelatoff-peaktimes,therearefewproblems.
M:Well,therearenooff-peaktimes.AllflightsseemtobefullexceptSaturday.Ifthereisapublicholiday,thingsarelikely
to be especially busy.(7)The special fare systems on the airline’s computers encourage more people to fly on less
popularflightsandthismeansthatasaresultallflightsareequallyfull.
W:Sowhatadvicewouldyougivetobusinesstravelers?
M:Avoidbigairportsifyoucanbecausetherearetoomanyflightsthere.Then,remembernottocheckyourbaggage ifyou
canhelpit.Anotherthingis“Bepreparedfordelays.”
W:Whatkindofmistakesdoinexperiencedtravelersmake?
M: (8)One mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Take only carry-on luggage, because at most
airports,youcangetawaywithtwosmallbags.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.Whatisthemaincauseoftheproblemsairlinepassengersface?B)
6.Whatmightavolunteerfacewhendecidingtotakethenextflightduetoover-booking?C)
7.Whyarelesspopularflightsequallyfull?D)
8.Whatdoesthemanadvisebusinesstravellersdo?D)
SectionB
PassageOne
Agriculture experts have a message for farmers worldwide:Take care of your soil, and your soil will take care of you.
(9)By using the techniques of “conservation agriculture,” they say farmers can save their land and save money at the same
time. This is becoming more important as the world’s population grows. More people means more food needs to be grown
to feed them. Most modern agriculture looks like long rows of green crops covering large areas of land. They have neat
rows of single kinds of plants with uncovered soil in between. Trey Hill’s farm in the US state of Maryland does not look
anything like that. Instead, there are green plants mixed in with what is left from other plants. (10)Farmer Hill is going
第 2 页against farming practices that are thousands of years old-till the fields before planting and leave the soil bare in the
off-season.Andmanyfarmersplantthesamecropyearafteryear.Allthreeofthesemethodscanwearoutthesoil,however.
Some experts are backing the so-called conservation agriculture used by farmers like Hill. He plants his crops into what is
left of the crop before—without tilling the soil. In the off-season he covers his fields with different crops. They hold onto
the soil, and help prevent erosion, when water and wind remove soil.(11)The cover crop is not meant to be harvested.
Instead it feeds the soil. Hill says, this kind of farming is more profitable. Less tilling means using less fuel for his farm
equipment.Hebuyslessfertilizerbecausehiscovercropsfeedthesoil.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.Whatdoagricultureexpertssayaboutconservationagriculture?C)
10.Whatcanwelearnabouttraditionalfarmingpractices?C)
11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecovercrop?A)
PassageTwo
Atyournextmeeting,waitforapauseinconversationandtrytomeasurehowlongitlasts.
(12)Chancesare—especiallyamongEnglishspeakers—itwillbeasecondortwoatmost.
Even among sign language speakers, studies show that typically we leave just a fraction of a second between taking
turns to talk. But while this pattern may be universal, our perceptions of silence differ dramatically across cultures—a
crucialifyou’redoingbusinessinternationally.
(13)Research conducted at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands in Dutch and also in English found that
whenasilenceinconversationstretchedtofourseconds,peoplestartedtofeelunsettled.
In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people were happy with silences of 8.2
seconds—nearlytwiceaslongasinAmericans’meetings.
Theseculturaldifferences arereflected inthesaying inthe USthat“thesqueaky wheelgets the grease” while inJapan
it’sreckonedthat“asilentmanisthebestonetolistento.”
Sowhydomother-tongueEnglishspeakersfindlongpauseshardtohandle?
(14)In the US, it may stem from the history of colonial America as a crossroads of many different peoples, says
Carbaugh.“Whenyouhaveaheterogeneouscomplexofdifference,it’shardtoestablish commonunderstandingunlessyou
talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life.” Je says.
ThisappliesalsotosomeextenttoLondon,headds.
(15)In contrast, he says, “When there’s more identity perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For
example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted
with.”
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.HowlongcanEnglishspeakerswaitforapauseinconversationatameeting?A)
13.WhatdidtheresearchconductedattheUniversityofGroningenfind?B)
14.WhydoAmericansfindlongsilenceshardtohandleaccordingtoCarbaugh?A)
15.Whenwillpeoplefeelfreetositinsilence?D)
SectionC
RecordingOne
A group of college students is hoping to place a satellite powered only by water into an orbit around the moon. The
students are from Cornell University in the state of NewYork. They are taking part in a competition called the Cube Quest
Challenge. It is a program of NASA, theAmerican space agency. The Cornell team is called the CisLunar Explorers. The
word “cislunar” means “between Earth and the moon.” The challenge is simple: to design, build and deliver
“flight-qualified, small satellites.” NASAofficials say the satellites must be able to perform “advanced operations near and
beyondthemoon.”Theteamsaretakingpartinthecompetition.(16)ButtheCisLunarExplorersatellitesaredifferent.They
are the only ones using water to power their spacecraft.(17)The idea for a water-powered vehicle came from Mason Peck,
who works at Cornell University. He once worked as NASA’s chief technologist. He has always wanted to use something
other than rockets to push spacecraft beyond Earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of
第 3 页rockets—the only way we get anything into space,” he said, in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s
alreadythere?Ifwecoulddothat,ifwecouldrefuelspacecraftwhilethey’realreadyinspace…”
The spacecraft is shaped like the English letter L. It measures about 30 centimeters in length, and the two pieces are
connected.Waterisstoredinthelowerpartofthesatellite.Thesunwillseparatethewaterintotwoelements:hydrogen and
oxygen. When one combines hydrogen and oxygen with a spark, an explosion results. This provides a forward movement,
known as thrust. The CisLunar Explorer team has an unusual way to guide its spacecraft.(18)The idea is to copy how
old-timesailors usedthemoon,sunandstars tofix theirpositiononthe oceans.Thesatellite isequipped withcameras.The
cameras will take pictures of the sun, Earth and the moon and compare their positions and their size. Based on where the
sun, moon and Earth are at any given time, the CisLunar Explorers will do the mathematics to find their position. The
competition is being held in four parts. The Cornell team has been among the top three competitors during parts one and
two.ThefinalthreewinnerswillgettorideonNASA’sspacelaunchsysteminearly2018.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.WhatmakestheCisLunarExplorersatellitesdifferent?C)
17.WheredidtheCisLunarExplorerteamgettheidea?D)
18.HowdoestheCisLunarExplorerteamguideitsspacecraft?A)
RecordingTwo
(19)Is food medicine? The question has never been so current. It’s clearly true that certain patterns of eating can
sicken us and unfortunately, these are the patterns of eating that most people in developed countries now follow: low in
vegetables and high in sugar, salt, refined oils and carbohydrates. (20)Diet-related ill health, including heart disease and
type 2 diabetes, now causes more deaths worldwide than tobacco. Some, therefore, conclude that there must be some
specific and magical foods that might offer an outright antidote to whatever it is that ails us. Many of the loudest of these
voicesaretraps.TherearedarkcornersoftheInternetpromisingthattheright dietcancureautismoroffersomething close
to eternallife, coupled with fabulous skin. Some of this woo is exposed in the new bookTheAngry Chef:Bad Science and
the Truth about Healthy Eating by Anthony Warner. (21)The Angry Chef points out that many “health-giving” diets are
anything but leading to dangerously restrictive regimes that can easily tip over into eating disorders, especially for
vulnerableyoungpeople.
(22-1)But it would be wrong to dismiss the idea that food and health are connected, just because of a few—OK, a
lot—oftheclaimsarenottrue.Atthisyear’sOxfordFoodSymposium,CanadianhospitalchefJoshnaMaharajtalkedabout
the craziness of hospitals acting as if there is no connection between a patient’s health and what he or she eats.
“Nourishmenthaslong sincebeenabandoned,”Maharajsaid.In 2011,shetookover thecateringfor aTorontohospitaland
was shocked to find that the kitchen used almost no fresh produce and did not even have a fridge in which to store
vegetables.Sick people wereserved meatloaf soprocessedandoilythatMaharaj“couldnotfindthe adjectives”to describe
it. She retrained the chefs, found local suppliers and made the radical decision to serve wholesome, appetizing food for
everymeal.(22-2)Itwasnosurprisetoherthatpatientmoraleandhealthsubstantiallyimprovedwiththenewmenus.
There are signs that many of us are sick of a medical system in which drugs are used—and not very effectively—to
alleviate the symptoms of a bad diet.Wouldn’t it be better to try a way of eating that reduced your chances of getting ill in
thefirstplace?
Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?D)
20.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutdiet-relatedillhealth?A)
21.WhatdoesTheAngryChefsayaboutsomeInternetpromising“health-giving”diets?B)
22.WhatdoestheexampleofMaharaj’snewmenusforpatientssuggest?D)
RecordingThree
Hello,everybody.Today,Iamgoingtotalkaboutbirdsusingtools.
Scientists have long known that a crow native to New Caledonia is able to use tools. The birds use them to remove
food from deep inside holes and crevices. Now,American researchers have discovered a second species of crow that uses
tools. Researchers with the San Diego Zoo reported on their experiments with Alala crows—a species from the Hawaiian
第 4 页Islands. (23)Thereare no moreAlala crows living in the wild. Butthere are some of the birds still living in aprotected area
in Hawaii. They are considered critically endangered. In an experiment, the researchers placed pieces of food in crevices
insideabigpieceofwood.Theholesaretoodeepforthebirds toreachwith theirbeaks.But,byusingsmallpiecesofwiid
held in their beaks, the birds quickly found a way to get the food. The scientists said the crows demonstrated the ability to
reach food in those cannot-reach-it places.The birds used small objects as tools, sometimes changing them by shortening a
too-long stick. They also made tools from plant material.(24-1)”Current evidence strongly suggests that tool use is part of
thespecies’naturalbehaviouralpattern”,Rutzsaid.
Alalas are not the only intelligent crows to use tools.The other is the New Caledoniancrow on New Caledonia Island
inthePacificOcean.TheNewCaledoniancrowcanusetoolstoremoveinsectsandotherfoodfromdeadwoodandplants.
How did crows learn to use tools? How did these birds learn to use tools? Scientists think their tool-using skills may
have resulted, in part, from conditions in their Pacific island habitat.(25)The two species have one more thing in common:
unusuallystraightbeaks.Thebirdsusetheirbeakslikethewaypeopleusethumbsontheirhands.
All the Alala crows left in the world live in the world live in Hawaii. There were less than 20 Alalas left in the late
1990swhenscientists decidedtobringthemintoaprotectedareatoincreasetheir population.Now,thereareover 100birds
livingin captivity.(24-2)TheSan Diego Zoo saidits researcherstestedalmostallofthem and“theydetermined thatthevast
majority of them spontaneously used tools.” Scientists are working to increase the population so that the Alala can be
releasedbeckintothewild.Theyplantoreleasesomeofthebirdsbackintothewildlaterthisyear.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.WhatdiesthespeakersayaboutAlalacrows?B)
24.WhatdoesRutzsayaboutthetooluseofAlalacrows?C)
25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwospeciesofcrows?B)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
SectionA
选项归类
名词：A)aspect方面；C)cognition认知，认识；H)hypothesis假说，假设；J)offspring后代，子孙；K)respect某方面，
尊敬
动词：B)climbed爬升，增加；D)coinciding同时发生；E)competing竞争，争夺；F)completing 完成，结束；G)dropped
下降，跌落；K)respect尊敬，遵守
形容词：L)sharp急剧的，猛烈的；M)steady持续的，逐渐的；O)unprecedented前所未有的，史无前例的
副词：I)insignificantly微不足道地，非常小地；N)substantially基本上，大体上
详解详析：
26.答案：H)hypothesis
详解：空格前是the，之后是that引导的同位语从句，因此此处应填入名词，作同位语从句的先行词。此处the
说明该内容为特指，在上文已出现过。首段中，研究者提出的观点（在过去的一个多世纪以来，在西方国家人们的
平均智力下降了14.1分），这一观点就是空格处特指的内容，由此推出，该处是指验证这种假说、假设，故答案为
H)hypothesis。
27.答案：N）substantially
详解：空格前后为动词词组correlate…with…,意为“与……一致”，且空格所在句主要语法成分齐全，故此处应
填入副词。该处意为“简单视觉反应时间的方法与测试智商的方法________一致”，由副词备选项可知，substantially
意为“基本上，大体上”，符合上下语义要求，故N）为答案。
28.答案：C）cognition
详解：空格前是介词of，因此需要填入名词或动名词。该句提到通过简单反应测试可以测出智商，而简单反应被
认为是测试______的基本方法。文中的intelligence暗示此处应填入C）cognition“认知，认识”。
29.答案：E）competing
详解：空格前是副词constantly，之后是forourattention，故推测此处应填入动词。空格所在处修饰前面的digital
world，需要填入动词的分词形式，且该动词可与for搭配，备选项中只有competing符合要求，competefor为固定
第 5 页搭配，意为“争夺……”，故E）为答案。
30.答案：D）coinciding
详解：空格前是一个完整的句子，根据语法判断，此处应填入动词现在分词形式做伴随状语，补充说明前面的句
子，且填入的动词应与空格后的with搭配。备选项中只有D）coinciding符合要求，coincidewith为固定搭配，意
为“同时发生，碰巧在同一时间”。
31.答案：O）unprecedented
详解：空格前为副词previously，其后为名词词组peaceandprosperity,故此处需填入形容词。根据英国历史常识和
空格后peaceandprosperity（和平与繁荣）可知，此处应填入O）unprecedented“前所未有的，史无前例的”。
32.答案：M）steady
详解：空格前是不定冠词a，其后是名词drop，故此处应填入形容词。此处指智商下降的程度，手段提到14.1points
overthepastcentury；下文34题提到1.23pointsperdecade，再结合全文主旨，智商下降的趋势不是sharp“急剧的，
猛烈的”，只剩下steady“持续的，逐渐的”，故M）为答案。
33.答案：J）offspring
详解：空格前是形容词intelligent，后面是动词wouldaffect，故此处需要填入名词。上文提到，之前的研究发现
智商更高的女性往往生的孩子少，这就意味着人口增长可能是由智商较低的女性生的孩子多导致的。长久以来，低
智商的人更多了，就影响了总体平均智商，故该处应填入J）offspring“后代，子孙”。
34.答案：G）dropped
详解：分析句子成分可知，空格处需要填入动词作谓词，而此句是对过去事实的描述，因此需要填入动词的过去
时。通过上下文可知，测试人群的智商是与日俱减的，因此G）dropped“下降，跌落”符合语义。
35.答案：K）respect
详解：空格前是介词with，之后是to，故此处应填入名词。该处意为“______智商，维多利亚时代的人比现代西
方人聪明得多”,withrespectto 为国定搭配，意为“关于，谈到”，故答案为K）respect。
SectionB
语篇分析
本文主要介绍了在海上建造 [A]~[C]段指出在海上建造核电站的优势：不但节约成本，而且更安全。
核电站相比于在内陆建站的
优势，浮动核电站的落成也佐
[D]~[L]段指出法国的研究、俄罗斯的实践和中国的规划等都证明海上建站的可靠性
证了这一点。虽然在海上建站
和可行性。
仍然需要考虑很多因素，且绿
色和平组织等环保机构对此 [M]~[N]段指出绿色和平组织的担忧，但在现有能源面临枯竭的前提下，在海上建
忧心忡忡，但从长远来看，海 站核电站很可能是大势所趋。
上建站很有必要。
详解详析：
36. Compared with the [C]That would make power stations at sea cheaper than those on land Jacopo Buongiorno, a
atomic power stations at nuclear engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, reckons that, when all is done
sea, inland ones cost and dusted, electricity from a marine station would cost at least a third less than that from a
muchmore. terrestrial equivalent. It would also make them safer.A reactor anchored on the seabed would
译文：与海上的原子能 neverlackemergencycooling, theproblemthatcausedtheFukushimameltdown.Nor wouldto
发电站相比，内陆的原 be protected against the risk of terrorists flying an aircraft into it. It would be tsunami-proof,
子能发电站成本更高。 too. Though tsunamis become great and destructive waves when they arrive in shallow be
定位：由题干中的power tsunami-proof, too. Though tsunamis become great and destructive waves when they arrive in
stations at sea 和 inland shallowwater,intheopenoceantheyaremereripples.Indeed,wereitdeepenough(100 metres
定位到原文画线处。 orso),suchasubmarinereactorwouldnotevenbeaffectedbypassingstorms.
详解：定位句指出，海上建造核电站要比陆地上建站更便宜。随后麻省理工大学的研究人员指出，海上发电站提
第 6 页供的电力价格将比陆地发电站便宜至少三分之一。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故选C)。
37. Building floating power stations in [L]TheSouth ChinaSea isalso abusyareaforshipping, soanyfloating
the South China Sea must take into power stations there will need to be able to withstand a direct hit by a
considerationthebusyshippingthere. heavy-laden cargo vessel travelling at a speedof, say, 20knots—whether that
译文：在中国南海修建浮动原子能发电站 collisionbeaccidentalortheresultofhostileaction.Onewaytodothis,says
必须考虑该海域繁忙的船运。 Chen Haibo, a naval architect working on the problem at Lloyd’s Register’s
定位：由题干中的floating power stations Beijing office, is to fit the barges with crumple zones packed with materials
in the South China Sea 和 shipping 定位到 suchascorrugatedsteelandwood.
原文处。
详解：定位句指出，南海是繁忙的航运海域，因此该区域任何浮动发电站都需要能承受高负载货船（比如以20
节的速度行驶）的直接撞击。题干中的thebusyshipping对应原文中的abusyareaforshipping，故选L)。
38. The demolition of an [E]The whole system, dubbed Flexblue, would be anchored to the seabed between five
exhausted inland station still and 15km from the coast—far enough for safety in case of an emergency, but near
needsnumbersofexperts. enough to be serviced easily. The electricity generated(up to 250 megawatts, enough
译文：当内陆发电站不再使用 for 1m people)would be transmitted ashore by an undersea cable. For refueling and
时，仍需要若干专业人员对其进 maintenance unmanageable from a submarine, the cylinder would be floated to the
行拆除。 surfacewithairinjectedintoitsballasttanks.And,whenastationcametotheendofits
定位：由题干中的demolition和 useful life, it could be towed to a specialist facility to be dismantled safely, rather than
inland station 定位到原文画线 requiringyetanotherlotofcivilengineerstodemolishit.
处。
详解：定位句指出，当一座海上发电站寿终正寝时，可将其拖至专门的设施里安全拆解，而不需要再找一批工程
师来拆除它。换言之，也就是内陆发电站需要专业人员进行拆毁，题干中的exhausted对应原文中的cametotheend
ofitsusefullife；numbersofexperts对应原文中的anotherlotofcivilengineers，故选E)。
39.Oneofthediscrepanciesbetweenmarinepower [B]At first, this sounds a mad idea. It is not. Land-based power
stations and land-based power stations is that the stations are bespoke(定制的)structures, built by the techniques of
formercouldbemass-produced. civil engineering, in which each is slightly different and teams of
译文：海上发电站与内陆发电站不同的一个方面是 specialists come and go according to the phase of the project.
前者可能批量建造。 Marine stations, by contrast, could be mass-produced in factories
定位：由题干中的marinepowerstations、land-based using, if notthe techniquesof the assembly line, then at leastthose
powerstations和mass-produced定位到原文画线处。 oftheshipyard,withcrewsconstantlyemployed.
详解：B)段指出，陆上发电站依赖土木工程技术建造的定制结构，每座都略有不同，在工程的不同阶段会有各种
专家团队来来往往。海上发电站则可以在工厂批量建造，使用的即便不是流水线作业技术，也至少是造船厂的那类
技术。题干是对定位句的概括总结，故选B)。
40. Constructing marine reactors [F]Naval Group has not, as yet, attracted any customers for its designs. But a
on the surface of the water in Russia slightly less ambitious approach to marine reactors—anchoring them on the surface
istobecompletelaterthisyear. rather than below it—is about to come to fruition(实现)in Russia. The first such,
译文：在俄罗斯海洋表面建造的核 Akademik Lomonosov, is under construction at the Baltic Shipyard, in St.
反应堆将于今年晚些时候竣工。 Petersburg. According to Andrey Bukhovtsev of Rosatom, the agency that runs
定位：由题干中的marinereactors、 Russia’s civil nuclear program, it is 96% complete. It will be launched later this
Russia和laterthisyear 定位到原文 year, towed to Murmansk, and thence transported to Pevek, a port in Russia’s Far
画线处。 East,whereitwillbegingeneratingpowerin2019.
详解：F)段指出，虽然海军集团的涉及目前尚未吸引客户，但是一个略微保守的海上反应堆设计方案——将它们
固定在水面之上而非之下——即将在俄罗斯见到成效。首个此类反应堆“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号正在圣彼得堡的波罗
的海造船厂内建造。据称，该反应堆已完成96%，将在今年稍晚些时候下水，并将于2019年起开始发电。题干中
的istobecomplete…对应原文中的willbelaunched…，故选F)。
41. Marine reactors at the surface [J]Thefirmsinvolvedinthisprojectintendtotsunami-proofsomeoftheirreactors
cannot keep them from the storm like in the same way as the French, by stationing them in water too deep for massive
第 7 页typhoons. tsunami waves to form. Because they are at the surface, though, that will notsave
译文：无法保证建在海面上的核反应 them from storms—and locating themfar from shoremeans the Russian approach
堆不受台风等风暴侵袭。 of building sheltering breakwaters will not work either.That matters. Typhoons in
定位：由题干中的storm和typhoons theSouthChinaSeacanwhipupwaveswithanamplitudeenceeding20metres.
定位到原文画线处。
详解：J)段指出，公司试图把反应堆固定在海水中深到无法形成巨大海啸波的地方。因为如果漂浮在水面上，就
不能帮助它们防范风暴。而南海的台风掀起的海浪可超过20米。题干中的keepthemfrom…对应原文中的savethem
from…，故选J)。
42. Some Greenpeace organizations are [M]Noteveryoneis delighted with the ideaof marine nuclear power.
against the construction of marine nuclear Rashid Alimov, head of energy projects at Greenpeace Russia, an
power stations and won success to some environmental charity, argues that offshore plants could be boarded by
degree. pirates or terrorists, be struck by an iceberg or might evade safety rules
译文：一些绿色和平组织反对建造海上核发 that are hard to enforce at sea. On July 21st Greenpeace scored a victory
电站，并且获得一定程度的胜利。 when Rosatom said that Akademik Lomonosov’s nuclear fuel would be
定位：由题干中的 Greenpeace 和 marine loadedinanunpopulatedareaawayfromSt.Petersburg.
nuclearpowerstations定位到原文处。
详解：定位段指出，不是所有人都赞同在海上建造核电站。有环保组织表示，海上核电站可能会遭遇海盗或恐怖
分子的袭击，也可能遭遇冰山撞击，甚至会违反安全条例。而且在7月21日，环保组织还取得了一次胜利。题干
中的wonsuccess对应原文中的scoredavictory，故选M)。
43.Akademik Lomonosovwill cost, in total, [H]Altogether, Akademik Lomonosov will cost $ 480m to build and
alotlessthansimilarpowerstationsonland. install—far less than would have to be spent constructing an equivalent
译文：“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号的成本比类似 power station on land in such a remote and hostile environment.And, on
的内陆核电站要低得多。 the presumption that the whole thing will work, plans for a second,
定位：由题干中的AkademikLomonosov、cost similarplantarebeinglaid.
和lessthan定位到原文画线处。
详解：H)段指出，建造并安装“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号总共花费4.8亿美元，远少于在偏远陆地上建造一座能抵抗
同等恶劣环境、规模相当的核电站的费用。题干中的cost…alotlessthan对应原文中的cost…farlessthan，故选H)。
44. Dr. Chenais has [D]All these reasons, observes Jacques Chenais, an engineer at France’s
participated in the construction of Atomic-Energy commission, CEA, make underwater nuclear power stations an idea
underwater reactor that provides worth investigating. Dr. Chenais is head of small reactors at CEA, and has had
energyforsubmarines. experience with one well-established type of underwater reactor—that powers
译文：舍奈博士参与了用于给潜 submarines. He and his team are now assisting Naval Group, a French military
水艇供电的水下反应堆的建设。 contractor,todesignreactorsthatwillstayputinsteadofmovingaroundonaboat.The
定位：由题干中的 Dr. Chenais planis toencase(把……围住)areactorandanelectricity-generatingsteam turbineina
和 underwater reactor 定位到原 steelcylinderthelengthofafootballpitchandwithaweightofaround12,000tonnes.
文画线处。
详解：D)段指出，舍奈博士在该委员会主管小型核反应堆，在水下反应堆为潜水艇供电这类技术方面颇有经验。
题干中的providesenergyforsubmarines.对应原文中的powerssubmarines，故选D)。
45. China is planning to construct twenty floating [I] Nor is Russia alone in planning floating reactors. China has
nuclearplantsintheSouthChinaSea. similar ambitions. Specifically, the Chinese government intends,
译文：中国准备在南海建造20座浮动核电站。 during the 2020s, to build up to 20 floating nuclear plants, with
定位：由题干中的China、twentyfloatingnuclearplants reactors as powerful as 200MW, to supply artificial islands it is
和theSouthChinaSea定位到原文画线处。 buildingaspartofits plantoenforcethecountry’sclaimto much
oftheSouthChinaSea.
详解：I段指出，中国政府计划在本世纪二十年代建造20座浮动核电站，其反应堆功率可达200兆瓦。题干中的
isplanningto对应原文中的intends…to，故选I)。
第 8 页SectionC
PassageOne
全文翻译：
亚马逊宣称收购全食超市之后将降低一系列热门商品的价格，这使得竞争对手食品商的股价受到震动，唯恐残
酷的市场份额大战将会愈演愈烈。
（46）亚马逊斥资137亿美元收购全食超市，将在周一完成，这一举措令实体零售业不知该如何应对世界最大
的在线零售商。美国最大的超市运营商克罗格，股价暴跌8%，而美国最大的食品销售商沃尔玛，股价则下跌2%。
亚马逊称将会在自己的网站上销售全食超市的品牌产品，此举令包括凯洛格在内的包装食品销售商股价下跌。
（49-1）亚马逊还宣布其每年99美元尊享购物俱乐部的会员将最终被纳入全食超市的顾客回馈体系，可享受到特殊
的供货和折扣。“毫无疑问，亚马逊将降低价格，甚至给尊享会员们提供更多的店内折扣，”贝尔德证券研究分析
师科林·塞巴斯蒂安说。
从星期一开始，亚马逊将会对有机商品，诸如香蕉、鳄梨、红皮蛋、养殖鲑鱼和罗非鱼、羽衣甘蓝和生菜、某
些苹果、黄油，以及其他商品进行降价。降价可以阻止对价格敏感的全食超市顾客的叛离，并能帮助其摆脱“全额
支付”高价位的名声，通常其价位比竞争者高出15%-25%。（47）这样也可能会吸引那些之后在线采购食品和其他
产品的新客户。
（48）计划降低对于全食超市的投资者们而言恐怕很难接受，他们已经习惯了高端连锁的丰厚利润了，但是他
们也同意亚马逊的远大战略，即牺牲短期利润争取长期市场主动权。亚马逊缩减利润空间的意愿增大了对不断昂贵
的杂货价格战的赌注。
（49-2）增加全食超市的收益应该可以帮助亚马逊吸引更多买家加入它成功的尊享计划，其特点是会员资质购
物两天内发货和无限量的观赏电影和电影是节目。据分析师评估，亚马逊拥有超过6，000万名尊享会员。全食超
市在其小规模、365天低价位全食超市连锁中推出了一个客户忠实计划，为会员提供店内100多种商品的折扣。这
个计划在全食超市主连锁店中仍处于试验阶段。
除此之外，一切全食超市店家将获得“亚马逊储物柜”，客户可以在此收到在线订单和进行资金交付。周四，
全食超市宣布约翰·麦基将继续担任首席执行官，并且该公司将作为一家子公司运营，其总部仍设立在德克萨斯州
的奥斯汀。
详解详析：
46. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的“WholeFoods”定位到原文各个相关段落。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查与全食超市相关的信息。由第二段第一句可知，亚马逊将于周一完成对全食超市
的收购，斥资高达137亿美元，可见这次的收购金额巨大，故A)为答案。B)“它威胁到实体商店的利润”是对原文
第二段第一句后半部分的曲解，原文提到亚马逊的收购举措令传统实体店感到不安，而不是说全食超市，故排除；
C)“它主要在线销售高品质产品”，原文第三段首句提到亚马逊将在线销售全食超市的品牌产品，至于全食超市自
己的销售渠道和主要产品，原文并未明示，故排除；D)“它是最大的包装食品销售商之一”，原文第三段第一句提
到亚马逊在线销售全食超市的品牌商品将影响大的包装食品销售商，而并非说全食超市是包装食品销售商，故排除。
47. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的pricecuttingpolicy定位到原文第四段最后两句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查亚马逊降价政策的影响。定位段最后两句指出，亚马逊的降价政策可以帮助其摆
脱原先高价位的名声，这样还可能会吸引一些之后在线采购食品和其他产品的新客户，可见降价举措的影响之一是
吸引更多的目标客户，故答案为D)。A)“导致买家叛离”与原文定位段第二句的意思相反，原文的意思是降价可
以防止买家叛离，故排除；B)“引发新一轮的价格战”在原文中没有依据，故排除；C)“增加亚马逊的年度销售额”，
第五段明确指出降价虽然可能对长期市场主动权有利，但是会影响短期内的利润空间，可见此举并不一定会增加亚
马逊的年度销售额，故排除。
48. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的 “atoughsell” 和Line1、Para.5定位到原文第五段第一句。
详解：语义理解题。本题考查熟词在特定语境中的意思。定位句提到，计划降价政策对于全食超市的投资者们
而言可能是“atoughsell”，并在后半句中解释他们已经习惯了高端连锁的丰厚利润了，因此推知，降价所导致的利
润缩减对于他们而言可能是难以接受，故答案为D)。A)“不可能盈利”，根据定位段中最后一句可知，虽然利润
第 9 页空间减少，但是并非不能盈利，该项与原文不符，故排除；B)“急于售出”在原文中并未提及，故排除；C)“不愿
意投资”有关投资的问题在定位段中没有提及，故排除。
49. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的cuttingprices和marketingprogram定位到原文第三段最后两句和第六段第一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查亚马逊对全食超市收购后销售策略调整的相关信息。文章从第三段开始直至文末
都在介绍亚马逊收购全食超市后进行的策略调整。其中包括降价政策，除此之外，第三段第二句提到，亚马逊的每
年99美元尊享购物俱乐部会员将会被纳入全食超市的顾客回馈体系，可以享受到特殊货品和折扣；第六段第一句
也指出，尊享会员可以享有购物两天发货以及观赏媒体节目等福利。可见，除了降价以外，亚马逊的销售策略是以
提供会员福利为主的，故答案为B)。A)“季节性打折”，虽然原文第三段提到了打折，但这主要是针对会员的，并
非季节性打折，故排除；C)“改善的顾客服务”是对定位的曲解，这些服务和优惠都是针对会员的，并非一般客户，
故排除；D)“更短的送货期”，原文第六段第一句虽然提到了会员有两日内发货的特权，但是并没有从整体上说送
货期是否会缩短，故排除。
50. 答案：C)
定位：本题的解答需综合全文信息。
详解：主旨大意题。本题考查对文章主旨的把握。文章前两段陈述了主要事件，即亚马逊斥巨资收购全食超市，
并介绍了此举在同行中的影响。随后，从第三段开始，作者介绍了亚马逊在收购完成后，对全食超市的销售策略进
行调整的一些计划，包括降价和提升会员服务等。综合全文，主要讲述的是亚马逊对全食超市的收购及其对该公司
的改革，故答案为C)。A)“食品销售行业激烈的市场大战”说法过于笼统，且文章对市场竞争的陈述并不占主要篇
幅，故排除；B)“市场对合并在线销售商的反应”只涉及文章的前两段，且将亚马逊对全食超市的收购说成是合并
在线销售商也不确切，故排除；D)“亚马逊收购后的市场前景”在文中并没有进行明确的陈述，故排除。
PassageTwo
全文翻译：
（51）飓风哈维将17万亿加仑降水，大约是2,600万个奥运会游泳池的水量，倾泻在德克萨斯州，创下了美国
热带天气系统的新高，但这一纪录并不大可能长久保持，因为不断增长的人为排放将全球气候推入前所未知的领域。
德克萨斯州街道洪水泛滥的情景与印度和孟加拉的洪泛社区、最近塞拉利昂的泥石流和上个月中国长江支流致
命的洪水景象极为相似。某种程度上讲，这些灾害是季节性的且其影响取决于当地因素。（52）但是，科学家称由
于全球气温的升高和降雨强度不断增大，这样的极端天气可能会变得越来越普遍且破坏性更强。
我们的星球进入了一个记录不佳的时代。在过去的三年中，气温每年都达到气象学创立以来，乃至过去11万
年中的新高。空气中的二氧化碳含量达到了400万年中的最高值。这并不会导致像哈维这样的风暴——墨西哥湾沿
岸每年这个时节总是会有风暴和飓风的——但这令这些风暴更加剧烈、含水量更高。
（53）“对于美国这样的大国，我们能够预计到更高的降水纪录——还不仅仅是因为飓风，”牛津大学环境变
化学院副主任佛里德里克·奥托说。这是广泛趋势的一部分。“对于全球而言，在可预知的未来，我们还将会看到
酷暑和极端降雨记录，”她预言到。她警告说每个国家的情况可能有所不同。（54-1）尽管涉及多种因素，但是人
类对气候的影响增加了严重旱灾和剧烈风暴发生的可能性。
（54-2）当前关注的焦点在于气候变化是否与风暴的“驻留”有关。在美国，飓风时常会会转移到内陆，并随
着其远离海洋而降低强度。然而，哈维却停了数天——这也是它降水量创纪录的原因。
科学家说，这可能就是哈维带来的一个最大的问题。（54-3）研究人员最近认定中纬度地区夏季气流缓滞的原
因就是北冰洋的急剧升温。但是，这些关于气压结构的研究需要包括超级计算机在内的更加强大的分析工具。
但是在美国，这样的研究已经变得极富政治色彩。唐纳德·特朗普总统已宣布美国将退出巴黎气候协定，并减
少相关研究的基金。（55）“要了解像哈维这样的事件未来将会变得如何频繁，这不应该是个政治事件，”牛津大
学的教授提姆·帕尔默说。“基础科学如此卷入政治之中实在令我寒心。”
详解详析：
51. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的HurricaneHarvey定位到原文第一段。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查关于飓风哈维的信息。由定位段可知，飓风哈维给德克萨斯州带来了大量的降水，
创下了美国热带天气的新高，可见其降水量是破纪录的，故答案为B)。A)“大约破坏了2,600万个游泳池”是对定
第 10 页位段的曲解，原文是说带来的降水相当于2,600万个奥运会游泳池的水量，故排除；C)“气候变化很快令期结束”
与原文内容相反，故排除；D)“它给亚洲带来了前所未有的灾害”是对第二段第一句的曲解，该句提到的在印度、
孟加拉和中国等亚洲国家发生的水灾只是在破坏性上与哈维相似，并非是哈维带来的，故排除。
52. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的Para.2定位到原文第二段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查作者列举近期一些重大灾害的目的。作者在第一段中着重介绍了哈维的强度和破
纪录的雨量，而定位段中转而介绍了近期其他地区的同类灾害，并在定位段末句中指出，科学家警告人们这样的极
端天气可能会变得更加普遍且破坏性更强，可推知作者列举之前的例子就是为了给这个论断提供佐证，故答案为
C)。A)“不同地区的灾害具有高度的相似性”，作者在文中并没有进行比较，也没有说明这些灾害之间相似性是否
很高，故排除；B)“世界范围内的大多数灾害都是季节性的”，作者在列举这些灾害后指出，这些灾害是季节性的，
其影响取决于当地因素，但在这两句话之前都加上了“某种程度上讲”，说明作者要陈述的观点并不在此，故排除；
D)“温度升高引起降水增强”是对定位段末句的曲解，原文是指气温升高和降雨量不断增大是极端天气增多的原因，
并没有说这两者之间是否存在因果关系，故排除。
53. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的人名关键词Otto定位到原文第四段前三句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对奥托的观点的理解。定位段第一句提到，奥托认为在美国这样的大国，还会出
现更高的降雨记录，而随后一句中继续论述称，在可预知的未来，全球范围内酷暑和极端降雨记录还会刷新，可见
她认为从现在开始，可能会出现更多的极端气温与降水，故答案为B)。A)“风暴和飓风将会变得更加剧烈和湿润”
是作者在第三段的论述，但文章并没有依据能说明奥托是否赞同这个看法，故排除；C)“目前尚不清楚气候变化与
哪些因素有关”，定位段末句说到极端天气与众多因素有关，但并没有说人类对这些因素不了解，故排除；D)“美
国的飓风往往在内陆地区生成”是对第五段第二句的曲解，原文是说美国飓风会转移至内陆，而不是在内陆生成，
故排除。
54. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的“stalling”ofstorms定位到原文第五段第一句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对异常天气产生原因的分析。定位句提体到，气候变化可能与风暴的“驻留”有
关，第六站第二句说明，中纬度地区夏季气流环境的原因就是北冰洋的升温，而第四段末句指出，尽管极端天气可
能与诸多因素有关，但是人类活动对气候的影响加重了灾害。由此可推知，风暴“驻留”造成极端天气的现象，其
根本原因有可能就是不恰当的人类活动，故答案为C)。A)“改变的气压结构”，根据第六段可知，风暴驻留就是一
种大气压结构的变化，不是其根本原因，故排除；B)“更加温暖的洋流”是其直接原因，并非根本原因，故排除；
D)“更迟缓的大气循环”也就是作者所说的夏季气流缓滞或者是风暴的“驻留”，并非其成因，故排除。
55. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的PresidentTrump定位到原文最后一段第二句。
详解：观点态度题。本题考查科学界对特朗普总统有关退出巴黎气候协定并减少研究经费的反应。定位句提到，
特朗普总统已经宣布美国将退出巴黎协定，并且减少相关研究的基金，而学术界对此的看法主要从作者在最后一段
引用的学者帕尔默的话中可以推知，帕尔默说研究天气变化不应该是一个政治事件，并认为基础科学卷入政治之中
令人寒心。可见，学术界对特朗普总统的决定持批评态度，故答案为A)。同时排除B)“十分赞同”、C)“相当冷
漠”和D)“有些怀疑”。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
The millennia traditional Chinese culture is a precious asset to today’s young generation. It is not only embodied in
the flowering politics and philosophies but also in the exquisite handicrafts. As nowadays China develops at an
unprecedented rate, it desperately calls for its citizens to seek its unique cultural roots as well as profound pride and
confidence in its own traditional culture. Besides, the wisdom of ancestors in our traditional culture can definitely solve the
thorny problems which exist for a long time. The ethics of Confucius teach us to introspect ourselves three times per day
whileholdingrespectforothers;thebenevolenceofMenciuscanbeusedtobreaktheiceoftoday’swarringdeadlock.
难点注释
第 11 页1.第二句中的“百花齐放”可以译为flowering；“精美绝伦”可以译为exquisite或者delicate。
2.第三句中，“以……速度”可译为attherate/speedof…或ata(n)…rate/speed。同时，此句中汉语的并列句在英语
中通常用aswellas来表述。
3.第四句中，“先贤之道”可以译为thewisdomofancestors;“棘手问题”可译为thornyproblems；“旷日持久”可
以用定语从句来翻译。
4.第五句中，“打破僵局”可以译为breaktheice。
第 12 页
