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六级模拟卷解析（五）——答案解析
Part I Writing
高分范文 精彩点评
MyViewonSocialSkills ①②由名言警句开篇，并解释其含义，从而提出
①As the saying goes, “The pleasure of association is the base 本文的写作主题——社交能力的重要性。
of life.” ②The simple quotation from one of the greatest French ③④阐述社交能力对一个人工作的重要性——
scientists,Andre Maurois, teaches us the importance of social skills, 和谐的人际关系有助于事业的成功。
whichareregardedasthemostvitalamongalltheimportantskillsof ⑤由问句引出下文讨论的主要内容——提高社
human beings, especially in the workplace. ③Statistics show that 交能力的方法。
one’s career success depends heavily on his or her social skills. ④ ⑥⑦从两个方面阐释提高社交能力的方法——
Thosewhopossessexcellent socialskills aremore likely topromote 做一个倾听者和站在他人的角度思考问题。
an easy-going relation with their partners, which naturally result in a ⑧⑨再次强调社交能力的重要性，并要求我们提
successfulcareer. 高自己的社交能力。
⑤Given that social skills play such an essential role in our 加分亮点
work,whatshouldwedotocultivatethisspirit? ⑥Ontheonehand, quotation引言
the key to good social skills is definitely the ability to listen to our statistics数据
interlocutor, which lays the foundation of cooperation with others. promote 促进
⑦ On the other hand, to reach a high level of interpersonal essential 关键的
relationship, it is advisable for us to put ourselves in others’shoes cultivate 培养
and understand them, which can help us clear up the interlocutor 对话者
misapprehensionsthathinderourwork. laysthefoundationof 为……奠定基础
⑧All in all, one’s performance at the workplace is closely putourselvesinothers’shoes 设身处地，将心比心
related to efficient social skills. ⑨If we are to succeed in career,we clearup 清除
mustimproveoursocialskills. misapprehensions 误会
Part II Listening Comprehension
SectionA
ConversationOne
W:Hi,Mike!Iheardthatyouhelpedsavepeopleinanaccident.
M:Yes.(1)Itwasanose-to-tailcaraccident,anditwasreallyterrible.
W:Oh,mygosh!Ibettheremustbesomeonebleeding.
M:Yeah.Thebackcarwasseriouslydamagedandthefrontcarwascompletelydamagedattheback.
W:That’sterrible.Icanimaginethescene.Soyougavethoseinjuredpeoplefirstaid.Youarealwayssokind-hearted.
M: I was terrified at first, but I realized that we must take them to the nearest hospital as soon as possible. So I asked an
on-lookertocalltheambulanceforhelp,andIjustgaveableedingmanfirstaid.
W:Howdidyoudothatsincethescenewassoterrifying?
M: (2)I put his head on the higher position to stop bleeding from his nose, and then I asked others to give those shocked
passengerssomedrinkstoeasetheirminds.
W:Youwerelikethesaviortothem.
M:Inafewminutes,alltheinjuredpeopleweresenttothehospital.Itwasreallyanemergency!
W:Yes!Quiteanemergency!Butthankstothefirstaidyougavethem.Ithinkyouareverygoodatit.
M:Yes,Iwastrainedtogivefirstaidseveralyearsagoandlearnedsomebasicskillsaboutit.
W:Besidessomeinjuredpeopleinacaraccident,whoshouldbegivenfirstaid?
M: (3)Some people who have been injured or are in physiological distress due to choking, a heart attack, allergic reactions,
第 1 页drugsorothermedicalemergencies.
W:Oh,Isee.Whatisthefunctionoffirstaid?
M:Well,basicfirstaidallowsyoutoquicklydetermineaperson’sphysicalconditionandthecorrectcourseoftreatment.
W:Today,Iseetheimportanceoffirstaid.That’sreallycriticaltotheinjured.
M:(4)Yes,followingcorrectfirstaidprocedurescanbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.Whatwastheaccident?A)
2.WhatdidMikedotohelptheinjuredman?D)
3.Inanaccident,whoshouldbegivenfirstaid?A)
4.Whatistheimportanceoffirstaid?C)
ConversationTwo
W:Thankyou forjoining ourprogram, Professor Smith.Today’s topicis Gothic literature, which seems reviving nowadays
allover theworld.AndIknow thatyou have beenstudying itformore thantwodecades.AndI wouldlike you toshare
yourviewswithouraudience.
M: Yes. I have been interested in Gothic literature ever since I was a kid. When I was only six years old, I was deeply
impressedbyashortstorywrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe.
W:PoeisthefatherofGothicliteratureinAmerica.
M:Indeed.ButdoyouhappentoknowwhattheoriginofGothicliteratureis?
W:Ihaveonidea.ButIguessithassomethingtodowithGothicarchitecture,allthosemagnificentandstrangecathedrals.
M: You are partially right.(5-1)The word “Gothic” means quite a number of things by this day. It could mean a particular
styleofart,beitintheformofnovels,paintings,orarchitecture.Itcouldevenrefertoacertaintypeofmusicanditsfans.
Whatitoriginallymeant,ofcourse,isoftheGoths,theircivilization,ortheirlanguage.
W: (5-2)The Goths were a German tribe, I remember. But what are the common themes of Gothic literature. Are they
alwaysrelatedtobloodandviolenceortwistedcharacters?
M:Notalways. Gothicthemes cover awiderangethough.(6)For example,demons,devils,witches andangels oftenappear
inGothicstories.Moreover,theFaustsubjectisanotherpopulartheme.
W:Whatdoesthatmean?
M:(7)Itmeanssinemenareforeverinpursuitofforbiddenknowledgeorpower,theyaredoomedtofailintheend.
W:Isee.IhavealsonoticedthatGothicliteraturehasaspecialwayofnarration.
M: Yes. (8)The story is frequently told through a series of secret manuscripts or multiple tales, each revealing a deeper
secret, so the narrative gradually spirals inward towards the hidden truth.The narrator is often a first-person narrator forced
to tell the story to a fascinated listener. By revealing to us their own souls’ secrets, these narrators reveal the secrets of
humankind’ssoul.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.WhatdowelearnabouttheoriginofGothicliterature?C)
6.WhichthemewillappearinGothicliterature?B)
7.WhyisFaustsubjectapopularthemeinGothicliterature?C)
8.WhatisspecialaboutthenarrativetechniqueofGothicliterature?A)
SectionB
PassageOne
(9)OneJapanesewomanhasprovedthatagereallyisjustanumber.
Masako Wakamiya learned how to use a computer at the age of 60 and now, at 81-year-old, she has released an app
thatshowspeoplehowtoproperlydisplaytraditionaldollsforHinamatsuri.
Not only is Wakamiya a developer, but she has a blog where she shares clips from her travels and also teaches people
第 2 页howExcelcanbeusedtomakedigitalart.
Wakamiya spent 43 years of her life leading in a bank in Japan and only started using computers at the age of 60,
reportsRocketNews24.
(10)However, she is showing others that not all elderly individuals are afraid of technology and refers to herself as an
ICTmissionary,whichstandsfor“information”“communication”and“technology.”
Wakamiya boughtherfirstcomputerattheageof60andjoinedanonlinecomputerclubtobecomemorefamiliarwith
thetechnology—butthiswasaftershesetupandconnectedthecomputertotheWebonherown.
After learning more about computers, Wakamiya came up with an Excel art that fills the cells with different functions
thatcreatepatternsthatproducecolorfulworksofart—andnowsheisdesigningherownapps.
Although Wakamiya may break the stereotypes of most elderly individuals, a study does suggest that she is heading
downtherightpathtoavoidotherhealthrisks.
(11)Ateam at the Mayo Clinic inArizona linked numerous activities with preserving brain power in the elderly—but
loggingonseemsparticularlyeffective.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A)
10.WhydoesWakamiyacallherselfICTmissionary?C)
11.Whatseemstobequiteeffectiveinkeepingbrainpowerintheelderly?C)
PassageTwo
(12)The US government’s top education official wants schools to do a better job teaching students whose first
language is notEnglish. US EducationSecretary JohnKing said theissue is important.Thatis becauseone inevery ten US
studentsfromgradeskindergartento12thgradeareEnglishlearners.
Most English learners arrive from a country that speaks another language, or have parents from a
non-English-speaking country: (13)There has been progress in recentyears, King said. He noted Spanish-speaking students
are graduating from high school and attending college at higher rates than ever before. “But in too many places across the
country,Englishlearnersgetlessaccesstoqualityteachers,lessaccesstoadvancedcoursework,lessaccesstotheresources
theyneedto succeed,” Kingsaid.(14)Kingsaida newfederallaw calledtheEveryStudentSucceedsActcanhelp.Itallows
schooldistricts more ways to use federal money to improve programs for English learners.That includes better training for
Englishlanguageteachers.
(15)Kelly Gonezis a policy adviser atthe Departmentof Education.She saidresearchshows givinginstruction in two
languages, English and the student’s native language, is better for English learners.Although it takes them a little longer to
master English, they do better on tests that measure reading and math skills, Gonez said. So do people who enter
dual-language programs already proficient in English, Gonez said. Sarah Catherine Moore is director of online learning at
the Center forApplied Linguistics in Washington DC. She said two recent studies found English learners do better if they
attendclassesthatusebothEnglishandthestudent’snativelanguage.
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.WhatdidUSEducationSecretaryconsiderasanimportantissue?A)
13.WhatprovestherecentprogressmentionedbytheUSEducationSecretary?C)
14.HowcantheEveryStudentSucceedsActhelp?B)
15.WhatmaydogoodtoEnglishlearnersaccordingtoKellyGonez?C)
SectionC
RecordingOne
(16)TheNewYorkTimesjustreportedthateventhoughmorepeoplearereadingbooksontheirsmartphones,ourtaste
forprintedbookshasn’tdiminished.Infact,mostpeoplepreferthem.
IknowIdo.Ihavetwodifferenttabletswithlotsofe-booksandIwouldtakeoneortheotherontrips,especiallybook
toursI’mgoneforaweekortwo.
第 3 页But even though I can download an impulse purchase at 3 am, I keep adding to my library of thousands of printed
booksinhistory,fiction,biography,politicsandmanyothercategoriesforanumberofreasons.
One is production quality. I’ve found books with illustrations or maps can be a little untrustworthy in e-book form.
Andthoughtyposshowupinprintedbooks,Irarelyfindproblemslikewholepagesincorrectlyprintedinitalics.
I alsotendto forgetthatI actuallyhave a specifice-book, whereas my newprinted books areclearly visible invarious
TBRpilesinmystudy.
Another is health-related. Because I have maintenance insomnia, I’ve been advised to avoid computer and tablet
screensforatleastanhourbeforebed.
(17)Physical books take me back to the joy of being a kid with my first library card in a magnificent Gilded Age
Manhattanlibrary.
TheyalsoremindmeofgreattimesspentinbookstoresofallkindsincitiesI’vetravelledtohereandabroad.
(18)Then there’s the fact that as an author, I don’t just underline or star passages in my books, I make lengthy
comments for myself which I sometimes reference at the front of the book, and I can’t do that in the same way with an
e-book.
Butthekey elementisimmersion. Icanlosemyself more readilyina well-writtenbookwhenit’sspreadopeninfront
of me, as opposed to when it’s on either one of my tablets and I’m scrolling rather than turning physical pages. I love the
weight and feel of a book, and especially when I’m reading a fascinating hardcover, those two pages side-by-side still feel
likedoubledoorsopeningtoanewworld.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeople’sreadinghabit?C)
17.Whatdidthespeakerprefertodowhenhewasakid?A)
18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeaker?B)
RecordingTwo
Doyouwantgreatersuccessinyourcareerandyourlovelife,aswellasahealthybrainlongintooldage?
Theanswercouldbetolearnanotherlanguage.
Or at least that’s the case according to a majority of Americans and Britons polled in a new survey by language app
Babbel.
(19)Apparently,71%ofAmericansand61%ofBritonsbelieve speakingmorethanonelanguage makesapersonseem
moreattractive.
Of3,000EnglishspeakerspolledintheUSandtheUK,nineoutoftenadmittedthey’dlearnanewlanguageinpursuit
oflove.Abouthalfsaidthey’ddreamedaboutaromancewithsomeonefromanothercountry.
(20)And moving from the bedroom to boardroom, about one in four Americans and Britons think that being
monolingualhasheldthembackprofessionally.
Soit’sprobablynosurprisethatoneineightconfessedtohavingexaggeratedtheirlanguageskillsonaresume.
“Languages not only enable you to expand yourself in terms of perspective and skill set, but they also open doors and
helpyoubetterunderstandotherculturesandpeoples,”MiriamPlieninger,adirectoratBabbel,tellsCNN.
“Knowing another language helps to break barriers and to connect on a special level of mutual understanding, be it
whileonthestreet,travellingorinbusiness.”
Globally,morethanhalftheworldcanspeakatleasttwolanguages—butWesternEnglishspeakersarelaggingbehind.
A 2001 Gallup poll found about a quarter of Americans could hold a conversation in a second language—mostly
Spanish—whilea2014studybyEurobarometerrevealedabout60%ofpeopleintheUKandIrelandaremonolingual.
“Differentfactorsinfluencehoweasyordifficultitistolearnanewlanguage,”saysPlieninger.
(21) “If the language you are learning is part of the same family as your mother tongue, it is generally much easier to
access.”
Theoretically,English speakers should thereforebemore comfortable with Germanic languages like German or Dutch,
asbotharehistoricallyveryclosetoEnglish.
第 4 页However, familiarity picked up in everyday life or in the classroom makes a big difference, which is whyAmericans
feelateasewithSpanishandBritswithFrench—bothromanticlanguages.
And although the majority ofAmericans and Britons polled thought Russian was the trickiest to pick up, it’s actually
“partofthesameIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyasEnglish,”Plieningeradds.
(22) “What makes it difficult, however, is that it uses the Cyrillic alphabet, which is a big hurdle for beginners, and it
alsohasadifferentgrammarstructuretoEnglish.”
Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.Accordingtothesurvey,whatkindofpeoplearemoreattractive?C)
20.WhatpercentageofAmericansandBritonsthinkbeingmonolingualblockstheirprofessionaldevelopment?A)
21.Whatlanguageiseasierforpeopletolearn?D)
22.WhatmakesRussiandifficulttolearn?B)
RecordingThree
Welcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonhavingababy.Newresearchfindsthatbeingaparentcouldaddtwoyears
toyourlife.
(23)Theclaim may bemetwith skepticism byvirtually everyonewho hasexperiencedthe sleep-deprivation andstress
of bringing up a child, but the scientists behind the major study are sure that parenthood may well be the secret to a longer
life.
(24)The findings apply to men and women, the researchers claim, although fathers saw their life expectancy increase
morethanmothers.
Swedish health experts tracked 1.5 million people and found those who had at least one child had a greater life
expectancy.Thereason,theysuspect,isthatchildrengoontoprovidevitalsupporttotheirparentswhentheygetolder.
Writing in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, the researchers said: “Support from adult children to
theirageingparentsmaybeofimportanceforparentalhealthandlongevity.”
At 60 years old, fathers can expect to survive another 20.2 years—two years longer than men with no children, the
researchers found. Meanwhile, mothers at 60 can expect to live a further 24.6 years, whereas childless women can expect
another23.1years—adifferenceof18months.
The scientists, from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, found the older people get, the greater the benefits of
havingachild.
Attheageof80,menwithchildrencouldexpecttoliveafurther7.7years,whilethosewithoutlive,onaverage,seven
years. Mothers at the age of 80 could expect a further 9.5 years, while those without would survive an average of only 8.9
years.
(25)Bothmarriedandnon-marriedcouplesbenefitedfromhavingchildren,thoughunmarriedpeople—andparticularly
men—seemedtoenjoyastrongerresult,theresearchshowed.
This may suggest that unmarried people rely on their children more for support, whereas married couples are also
supportedbytheirpartner.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.Whatisparents’attitudetowardsthenewresearch?B)
24.Whatdowelearnaboutthelifeexpectancyofmenandwomenfromthenewresearch?B)
25.Whowillbenefitmorefromhavingchildren?D)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
SectionA
选项归类
名词：H)frontier前沿，领域； J)image影响，形象； N)organ器官； O)result结果，后果
动词：A)advocate提倡，主张； B)affect影响； C)attached（使）附着，贴上； D)carries携带，带着；
第 5 页F)connected连接，联合； I)gathers收集，聚集
形容词：G)digestive消化的，助消化的； K)irreplaceable无可替代的； L)mythical神话的，虚构的
副词：E)collectively共同地，集体地； M)notoriously众所周知地，声名狼藉地
详解详析：
26.答案：L)mythical
详解：空格位于that之后，名词seat之前，故应填入形容词作seat的定语。根据空格所在句上下文，心脏是灵魂
所在处，但其实这只是传说中的、虚构的，是过去人们认识上的谬误，故空格处应填入L)mythical“神话的，虚构
的”。
27.答案：E)collectively
详解：空格位于过去分词known引出的独立结构之中，用于修饰known，故应填入副词作状语。空格前列举了大
肠和小肠，并说它们______称为gut，故空格处应填入E)collectively“共同地，集体地”。
28.答案：D)carries携带，带着
详解：空格位于主语Eachofus之后，句子没有谓语，故应填入动词做谓语，且应使用动词第三人称单数形式。
该句意为“在我们的肠子里，每个人在任何时间内都_______多达4.5磅的细菌”，由此推出谓语动词含有“携带”
的意思，故空格处应填入D)carries“携带，带着”。
29.答案：A)advocate
详解：空格位于名词scientists之后，动名词classifying之前，故应填入动词作谓语，且应使用动词原形。上文提
到这些细菌大多数都是对身体积极有益的，下文说要将这些微生物群进行某种分类，可知此处的动词应该是表明态
度的，故空格处应填入A)advocate“提倡，主张”。
30.答案：N)organ
详解：空格位于itsown之后，故应填入名词作介词as的宾语。上文提到很多肠内的微生物都是有益身体健康的，
再加上空格之前的itsown，可知空格处应填入N)organ“器官”，指这些微生物可被当成自己的器官来看待。
31.答案：G)digestive
详解：空格位于定冠词the和名词process之后，故应填入形容词作定语，从上文中的Asidefromhelpingdigestour
food和下文中的morethanjustdigesteverything可知，作者此处主要谈及消化过程中微生物的作用，故空格处应
填入G)digestive“消化的，助消化的”。
32.答案：B)affect
详解：空格位于情态动词may和宾语从句howwefeel之间，故应填入动词原形作谓语。文章第一句就提到器官
会影响人们的情绪，由其中的influence易推知此处应使用其近义词，空格处应填入B)affect“影响”。
33.答案：H)frontier
详解：空格位于定冠词the和形容词next之后，且动词knew之后的从句中缺少主语成分，故应填入名词作主语。
上文提到肠子对人们的情绪有影响，所以作者说，谁曾想到心理健康的新领域会转移至卫生间呢，这是一种幽默的
说法，故空格处应填入H)frontier“前沿，领域”。
34.答案：J)image
详解：空格位于形容词lovely之后，且介词With之后缺宾语，故应填入名词作介词的宾语。上文调侃说关于心
理健康的新领域要转移到卫生间去了，此处作者继续幽默的说法，说这是一副可爱的画面，故空格处应填入J)image
“影响，形象”。
35.答案：F)connected
详解：空格位于助动词are和介词to之间，且空格所在的从句中谓语成分不完整，故应填入动词，且应使用过去
分词形式，构成被动语态。本段中作者继续强调肠内微生物群与我们的情绪密切相关，考虑到其后的介词to，故空
格处应填入F)connected“连接，联合’.
SectionB
语篇分析
本文指出美国人的饮食不 [A]段引出话题，美国人的饮食不健康，其原因是大多数人认为有营养的食物花费较多。
健康，这是因为大多数人认 但作者认为美国人不健康的饮食涉及两个相关的问题，第一个是与经验相关的：健康
为有营养的食物花费较多。 的食物更贵吗？另一个是与行为相关的：是费用挡在了人们和更好的饮食习惯之间
第 6 页但作者认为美国人饮食不 吗？
健康与两个问题有关：一是 [B]~[H]段指出健康的食物和不健康的食物在价格上差异并不大。
经验，二是行为，并剖析了 [I]~[M]段指出人们饮食不健康是因为缺乏做菜的技能和时间，另外还和饮食偏好有关。
原因。
详解详析：
36. A study indicates that no [E] No matter how cheap the processed foods are, the raw materials that go into
significant price differences were seen them are even cheaper. And, if those raw materials are so very cheap for us,
between nutritious diet and imagine how cheap they are for Kraft. So cheap that the company can
unwholesomeone. manufacture a food out of them, box it, ship it and market it, and still sell it for
译文：一项研究表明营养健康的饮食 pennies. Even so, you almost always do better, cost-wise, when you buy the
和不健康的饮食在价格上的差异并不 ingredients and cook them yourself, which is one of the reasons that upgrading
明显。 to a decent may cost less than you think. A 2013 review of studies quantifying
定位：由题干中的study和price定位 the price of a healthful vs. unhealthful diet found that the healthful version cost
到原文画线处。 $1.48moreperperson,perday.
详解：E)段提到，2013年的一项研究量化对比了健康饮食和不健康饮食的价格，发现健康的饮食人均每天要多花
1.48美元.由此可知，营养健康的饮食和不健康的银饮食的价格差异并不明显。题干中的nosignificantpricedifferences
是对原文中cost$1.48moreperperson,perday的同义转述，故选E)。
37. According to one [K]So, sure, it’s possible to make a healthful dinner on a SNAP budget, but the other
expert, the differences in resources required—time and skill—may be in short supply as well. Tonja Nansel, a senior
diet quality between the investigator at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
richandthepoorarenotas Development, points out that, if cost were the major barrier, we’d expect higher-income
obviousasexpected. groups to eat much better than lower-income groups. “The difference in diet quality isn’t that
译文：一位专家指出，富 big,”saysNansel,althoughit’shardtodetermineexactlywhatthedifferenceis becauseofthe
人和穷人之间的饮食质 limitations of data based on people’s ability to remember what they ate yesterday. A 2013
量的差异并非如预期那 studythatattemptedtoquantifythatdifferencefoundthatthelowest-incomegroupdidindeed
样明显。 eatless-nutritious diets than the wealthiest group, butif you compare thelowest with the next
定位：由题干中的 diet group up, the diets are extremely similar. It’s not until you get to five times the poverty level
quality 定位到原文画线 that diets improve, and even then it’s not a big jump. If cost were the primary driver of poor
处。 diets, we’d expect a significant income boost to correspond to a significant improvement in
diet,particularlysinceameaningfulimprovementcanbehadfor$1.48perday.
详解：K)段提到，尤尼斯·肯尼迪·施莱佛国立儿童健康与人类发展协会的高级研究员TonjaNansel指出，如果
费用是主要的障碍，我们预计高收入人群比低收入人群吃得更好，但饮食质量的差异其实并没有那么大。题干中的
notasobviousasexpected是对原文中isn’tthatbig的同义转述，故选K)。
38. Compared with the farm subsidies, [H]Before we go on, let’s spend a moment on subsidies. Although farm
the built-in costs of growing crops have a subsidies have certainly had an impact on the price of staples, that impact is
biggerimpactonthepriceofstaples. dwarfed by the inherent costs of growing crops as different as corn and
译文：较之于农产品补贴，种植庄稼的 broccoli. In that particular case, broccoli costs 50 times what corn does to
内在成本对于农作物价格的影响更大。 grow.It’s also important to note that the same commodity programs that affect
定位：由题干中的farmsubsidies和crops corn and soy subsidize rolled oats, pearled barley, lentils, peanut butter and
定位到原文画线处。 whole-wheatbread.Although I’min favor ofrevamping(修改)thoseprograms,
theycan’tshoulderalltheblameforramen.
详解：H)段提到，尽管农产品补贴肯定会对主食的价格有影响，然而由于种植作物里的玉米和西兰花内在成本不
同，其影响就显得相形见绌。题干中的thebuilt-incosts是对原文中theinherentcosts的同义替换，题干是对定位句
的概括，故选H)
39. For the poor, food can bring [L]Nobody I’ve talked to disputes that cost is an issue. Likewise, nobody
satisfaction and a sense of pleasure disputes that convenience and preference are also issues. But it’s hard to say what’s
第 7 页inadditiontonutrition. most important. “Most people prefer the taste of ramen to brown rice. They prefer
译文：对于穷人来说，食物不仅 chips to kale,” says Nansel. “The fact that we would rather not have to look at some
能带来营养，还能给人带来满足 of those other reasons is part of reason cost gets so much traction.” Food isn’t just
感和愉悦感。 nutrition.Foodispleasure,somethingvery-low-incomepeoplehavevery fewsources
定位：由题干中的 pleasure 和 of, says Nansel. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t tackle cost at a policy level, she
nutrition定位到原文画线处。 adds.“Ifwecanmakehealthfulfoodmoreaffordableandaccessible,weoughtto.”
详解：L)段提到，食物不仅有营养，还能带来快乐，这是收入非常低的人群较少的乐趣来源之一。题干中的food
canbring…asenseofpleasure是对原文中Foodispleasure的同义转述，故选L)。
40. It’s easier to blame on costs and other external [M]Looking at cost as a barrier to eating well is much more
factors than on our own preference on food for our comfortable than looking at preference, which smacks of
unhealthydiet. blamingthevictim.Theideathatourlousydietwasperpetrated
译文：对于不健康的饮食习惯，我们更易把责任推卸 on us, with the poor as the most vulnerable, gets around that
给食物价格和其他外界因素，而不愿承认我们自身对 problem. But until we acknowledge that we—rich and
饮食的偏好。 poor—are complicit in our food supply, that we help shape it
定位：由题干中的costs和preference定位到原文画线 every time we buy food we want to eat, we’re unlikely to
处。 improveit.
详解：M)段提到，关于不健康的饮食问题，我们将食品价格而非偏好看吃好的障碍会令我们感觉更加坦坦然，因
为偏好带有归咎于受害者的意味。题干中的It’seasierto是对原文中ismuchmorecomfortablethan的同义转述，故
选M)。
41. It’s generally thought that the main [A]Nobodydisagrees:WeAmericanseatbadly.Weeattoomanycalories,too
reason for the American’s unhealthy eating much highly processed food and not nearly enough vegetables. Why is that?
habitsisthecostofnutritiousfood. Ask the question, and you get a lot ofanswers, which is appropriate for a lot
译文：人们通常认为，有营养的食物成本 of answers, which is appropriate for a matter as complex as a country’s diet.
高是美国人不健康饮食习惯的主要原因。 But one of the answers that bubbles to the top almost every time is that
定位：由题干中的 American’s 和 cost 定 nutritious food just costs more. Does it? There are two relevant questions
位到原文画线处。 here. The first is empirical: Is healthful food more expensive? The second is
behavioral:Iscostwhatstandsbetweenpeopleandabetterdiet?
详解：A)段提到，所有人都认为：我们美国人的饮食不健康，我们吃了太多的高热量和深加工的食物，但蔬菜的
摄入量却不足。为什么会这样？针对这个问题，我会得到许多答案，但大家几乎首先浮现在脑海的就是有营养的食
物花费更高。由此可知，人们通常认为美国人不健康饮食习惯的主要原因是有营养的食物太贵。题干中的 It’s
generallythoughtthat是对原文中Nobodydisagrees的同义转述，故选A)。
42. No food is cheaper than [D]An ordinary supermarket offers a variety of affordably priced calories to meet the
all-purpose flour and daunting challenge of making your daily menu come in at under $ 4 per person, the
vegetable oil as sources of average benefit under the Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program, informally referred
calories in a common to asfoodstamps.Sureenough, therearetheusualsuspects:theprocessedfoodsthatarea
supermarket. microwave awayfrombeingamicrowaveawayfrombeingamicrowave awayfrombeing
译文：普通的超市里最便宜 a meal. Similarly, there was a frozen burrito(玉米煎饼)for 14 cents, canned beef ravioli
的卡路里来源就是中筋面粉 for 17 cents and hot dogs for 10 cents. But the rock-bottom-cheapest meal option was
和植物油。 instant ramen, at 6 cents, a price point so irresistible that I almost bought some. As
定位：由题干中的all-purpose inexpensive as it is, ramen isn’t the cheapest source of calories at the grocery store. That
flourandvegetableoil定位到 honor belongs to all-purpose flour and vegetable oil, both of which cost all of 2 cents per
原文画线处。 100calories.
详解：D)段提到，虽然方便面不贵，但它并不是杂货店里最便宜的卡路里来源。这份荣誉属于中筋面粉和植物油，
这两种东西每100卡路里才2美分.由此可知，中筋面粉和植物油是超市里最便宜的卡路里来源。题干中的cheaper
是对原文中costallof2centsper100calories的同义转述。故选D)。
43. One expert claimed that higher cost of healthier [J]Adam Drewnowski, director of the University of
foods was the leading reason of obesity, but it can be Washington’s Center, tells me in an email, “Obesity is almost
第 8 页compensatedbyskillandtime. entirely an economic issue, and the higher cost of healthier
译文：一个专家称健康食物成本高是肥胖的主要原因， foods is the main problem,” but he acknowledges that factors
但它可以通过烹饪的技巧和时间来弥补。 other than money come into play. He mentions two in
定位：由题干中的highercostofhealthierfoods和skill particular:skill andtime, whichcanfeedyou well ifmoneyis
andtime定位到原文画线处。 shortsupply.
详解：J)段提到，华盛顿大学公共卫生营养中心的主管AdamDrewnowski指出，“肥胖几乎完全是一个经济问题，
健康饮食品的高成本是主要原问题，”但是他认可这里面非金钱因素也在发挥作用。他特别提到两个因素：技能和
时间，如果你的钱不多，有技能和时间也能让你吃的健康。题干中的becompensatedbyskillandtime是对原文中skill
andtime,whichcanfeedyouwell的同义转述，故选J)。
44.Whentakingtimetocookdespiteabusyschedule,asinglemom [I] Back to our dinner of chicken, carrots and
probablywillfindherkidswouldrathereatinstantramen. black beans, and to the single parent on a very
译文：单身妈妈如果真在百忙之中抽出时间做饭，其结果可能是孩 limited budget, who has the challenge of trying to
子更愿意吃方便面。 carve out the time to make it, only to have her
定位：由题干中的time、single和instantramen定位到原文画线处。 kidscomplain thatwhattheyreally wantis instant
ramen.
详解：I)段提到，对于一个单身母亲来说，在十分有限的预算里，她得试着挤出时间做晚饭，但其实她的孩子抱怨
他们真正想吃的是方便面。题干是对于定位段的概括，故选I)。
45. Having time and [K]So, sure, it’s possible to make a healthful dinner on a SNAP budget, but the other resources
cookingskill,onecould required—time and skill—may be in short supply as well. Tonja Nansel, a senior investigator at
enjoy a wholesome the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, points
meal on a very limited outthat,if costwerethemajor barrier,we’dexpecthigher-income groupstoeatmuchbetterthan
budget. lower-income groups. “The difference in diet quality isn’t that big,” says Nansel, although it’s
译文：如果某个人有时 hard to determine exactly what the difference is because of the limitations of data based on
间和烹饪技术，就能在 people’sabilitytorememberwhattheyateyesterday.A2013studythatattemptedtoquantifythat
很少的预算内享受到 difference found that the lowest-income group did indeed eat less-nutritious diets than the
健康食物。 wealthiest group, but if you compare the lowest with the next group up, the diets are extremely
定位：由题干中的time similar.It’s notuntil you get to five times the poverty level that diets improve, and even then it’s
and cooking skill 定位 not a big jump. If cost were the primary driver of poor diets, we’d expect a significant income
到原文画线处。 boost to correspond to a significant improvement in diet, particularly since a meaningful
improvementcanbehadfor$1.48perday.
详解：K)段提到，某个人当时当然有可能在临时预算下做一顿健康的晚餐，但是需要其他的资源，诸如时间和技
能也有可能不足。题干中的awholesomemeal是对原文中ahealthfuldinner的同义转述，故选K)。
SectionC
PassageOne
全文翻译：
名片已经以各种不同的形式存在很长时间了。中国人在15世纪发明了名帖来知会他们想要拜访的人。欧洲商
人在17世纪发明了商务名片，作用类似于小型的广告。
（46）很多公司都设法把它们的名片设计成宣传其产品的小型促销广告。乐高员工将印有其联系方式的小塑胶
玩具分发出去。麦当劳的商务名片做成一份炸薯条的形状。一位加拿大的离婚律师曾经分发过可以一分为二的名片
——争吵的夫妻一人一半。
（47）这种小花招很快就会失去吸引力。对于技术空前者们而言，这些玩意儿正好显示出实体商务名片是在做
垂死挣扎。不管怎么说，当可以简单地在智能手机上交换电子名片的时候，为什么还要大费周章的交换这些厚纸呢？
但是，人们也可以做出相反的辩论：商务名片不会消亡，在铺天盖地的会议和通信之中，名片鹤立鸡群更加重
要。数字时代重塑商务名片的企图一筹莫展。
（48-1）商务名片在数字时代的繁盛令人难以忽视商界的很多事情都是永恒的。例如，那个永恒且难以逃避的
第 9 页问题：你是否可以信任某个人。机器可以比人类做得更好的事情与日俱增。但是，它们无法正视人们的眼睛，就判
断出他们是什么样的人，
而且它们无法将相识变为相交。（48-2）商业生活的很大一部分就是怎样建立社会联系——和人们一起进餐、
一起运动，乃至一起醉酒——而机器接手的琐碎事务越多，人类就不得不更聚焦与人际交往。
全球化和虚拟化的快速推进意味着人们之间的信任感更加急于建立。经理人不得不更加努力地与来自不同文化
背景的人们建立信任感：跨国公司的首席执行官们时常有四分之三的时间在出差。他们还必须利用私人会面的机会
来强化通过电话和网络初步建立的联系。
此时，商务名片可发挥双重作用。（48-3/49）它们可以作为一种快速建立联系的方式，也可以实实在在的提醒
你确实与某个人会过面，而不是仅仅跟他通过邮件。翻翻一摞摞各式各样的名片有助于人们重拾会面的记忆，而这
与仅仅浏览样式统一的电子通讯录大相迳庭。
详解详析：
46. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的divorcelawyer’scards定位到原文第二段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查作者举例的目的。该段首句提到很多公司都尽力把它们的名片设计成宣传其产品
的小型促销广告，随后进行举例，显然是为了说明作者的这一观点，故B)为答案。A)“揭示商务名片的历史变化”，
从本段首句可知，这里讨论的是现在的事情，并没有提到商务名片的历史变化，故排除；C)“显示商务名片独出心
裁的设计”，商务名片的设计是否新奇与本段的主旨句并不相关，故排除；D)“证明商务名片的影响力下降”，作
者并没有比较过去的和现代商务名片的作用有什么变化，可见D)的说法与原文不符，故排除。
47. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的Line1,Para.3定位到原文第三段第一、二句。
详解：语义理解题。本题考查根据上下文理解特定词汇的含义。第二段讲到了各种独出心裁的商务的设计，而
定位段第二句说，对于技术空想者们而言，这些玩意儿正好显示出实体商务名片是在做垂死挣扎，可见此处是说这
种小花招的前景并不是很好，观察四个选项，只D)“失去吸引力”符合上下文，故为答案。A)“起到效果”和C)
“变得受欢迎”都表示向好的方向发展，很明显与下文所提到的在做垂死挣扎相矛盾，故排除；文中只探讨了这种
以名片做广告的方式是否有效，以及商务名片是否还有存在的价值，而B)“制造麻烦”显然与这个主题无关，故排
除。
48. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的cannotbereplaced和各选项定位到原文第五段第一句、第六段第二句和第八段第二句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查商务名片不可取代的原因。由第五段第一句可知，即使在数字时代，商务名片也
是不可取代的，而且原因可在第六段第二句找到，即商务活动的很大一部分就是建立社会联系，而人们必须通过面
对面的交往才能真正建立联系，而且最后一段第二句指出名片可以实实在在地提醒人们曾与某个人会过面，可见它
可以帮助人们在商务活动中建立实际的社会联系，A)是对上述这些相关信息的综合，故为答案。B)“它令信任的建
立更加急迫”是对第六段第二句的曲解，原文的意思是在数字时代，仅仅依靠机器是难以建立联系的。人们还是需
要现实中的交往；C)“它将人们从庞杂的俗务中解脱出来”，这是作者对机器所发挥作用的评价，与名片无关，故
排除；D)“将更多的情感因素带入商务交往中”，文章只是说名片能让人们想起曾经见过面，有过真实的交往，并
没有说会产生情感因素，故排除。
49. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的thelasttwoparagraphs定位到原文最后两段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对最后两段暗示信息的理解。最后一段第二句指出，出名片不仅可以作为一种快
速建立联系的方式，也可以实实在在地提醒人们确实与某个人会过面，而不是只跟他通过邮件，可见商务名片可以
提醒人们之间的有过面对面的交流，故答案为C)。A)“来自不同文化背景的人几乎无法相互信任”，虽然文中提到
经理人为了与来自不同文化背景的人建立信任感到而辛苦奔波，却不能一概而论的说不同文化的人都不能互相信
任，故排除；B)“通过电话和网络无法建立信任感”，作者在第七段第最后一句话中说到电话和网络初步建立的联
系必须用私人会面来巩固，并不能由此判断电话和网络就无法帮助人们建立信任感，故排除；D)“样式统一的电子
通讯录可能无法帮助人们相熟”是对文章最后一句的误解，原文的意思是名片比电子通讯录更能提示实在的会面，
与人们是否熟识无关，故排除。
50. 答案：A)
第 10 页定位：解答本题需综合文章各段主要信息。
详解：主旨大意题。本题考查对全文主旨的把握。文章从名片的历史渊源谈起，并介绍了名片各种独出心裁的
设计，随后反驳了有些人对名片在数字时代是否还有存在意义的质疑，指出名片在当今的商务世界仍有着不可替代
的作用和价值，并具体解释了其中的原因。综合看来，文章的主要笔墨都花在了解释商务名片为何在数字时代繁盛
的原因上，故答案为A)。B)“商务名片何时会被取代”，作者在文中反驳了商务名片会被取代的观点，并解释了它
会继续繁盛的原因，可见B)与文意相悖，故排除；C)“名片的设计可以如何精巧”，文章仅仅在第二、三段涉及名
片设计的精巧，C)无法概括全文，故排除；D)“名片可以帮助经理人做什么”，文章虽然在后半部分涉及这个问题，
但目的还是为了支持之前提出的观点，即名片不会消亡，故排除。
PassageTwo
全文翻译：
城市监管局的负责人警告国会议员说，英国脱欧的强硬措施给金融市场的融合造成了危机，并令消费者免受银
行失误影响的目的更加难以达成。
（51）英国金融市场行为监管局首席执行官安德鲁·贝利说，冒险的脱欧行为——英国一旦脱离欧盟，其规章
制度就要改变——除了威胁法律和市场的稳定，还会带来竞争危机。
在贝利最近给财政特别委员会的一封书信中，他指出，骤然脱欧可能导致监管者们难以获取其监管企业的信息。
“有关规章制度的任何不确定性都可能会影响金融市场的行为监管局或其他监管机构，采取强制措施处理和防止不
法行为的能力，”贝利说。
（52）他还特别提到了企业原本可以自由通用于欧盟28个成员国的“许可证”骤然失效所带来的危机。贝利
之前就已经告知委员会有5,476家在英国注册的企业至少持有一本在其他欧盟和欧洲经济区成员国开展业务的许可
证，同时还有8,000多个在其他欧盟国登记的公司依据这些条例在英国发展业务。
（53）他说，存在的风险就是企业在没有合法经营许可证的情况下，被迫停止出售商品，或者一旦不能按约定
向消费者提供服务，就极易遭到法律诉讼。如果先前的许可最终协议终止的话，金融市场行为监管局可能没有足够
的时间处理申请——这项工作需耗时大约23周。
（55-1）前任影子内阁大臣，“开放英国运动”的领导者克里斯·莱斯利说：“脱欧后的英国最不应该做的就
是捆绑金融市场行为监管局的手脚。强硬的脱欧行为不仅会将我们的经济推倒悬崖边，还可能导致卓有成效的监管
失去效力。”
（54-1）“如果说我们应该再从2008年全球经济危机中汲取什么教训的话，那就是明晰的金融服务管理体系至
关重要。令人担忧的是，如果英国未达成过渡性协议就骤然脱欧，这个国家负责金融体系的人们会说他们无法正常
开展工作。”
“当金融监管部门自己都说他们在强硬脱钩之后无法恰当地保护消费者，那么理应引起政府的注意和重视。
（54-2/55-2）如果监管部门监查部门都无法正常监管金融交易，那么我们就是将公民的财产和整体市场置于险地。”
详解详析：
51. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的AndrewBailey定位到原文第二段。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查对AndrewBailey相关信息的理解。由定位段可知，冒险的脱欧行为——英国一旦
脱离欧盟，其规章制度就要改变——除了威胁到法律和市场的稳定，还会带来竞争危机。可见贝利对于英国脱欧之
后的规章制度的改变将会带来的问题进行了预测，随后第三至五段有他对相关问题更详细的阐述，故答案为D)。安
德鲁·贝利虽然提到了强行脱欧可能带来的问题，但并没有明确的说他反对强行脱欧，故排除A)“他强烈反对强行
脱欧”；原文虽然提到了脱欧后可能出现的各种法规问题，但并没有直接提出应对之法，可见B)“他呼吁建立一个
明晰的政策体系”和C)“他要求加强经济法规”均与原文不符，故排除。
52. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的ParagraphFour定位到原文第四段。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查引用数据的目的。定位段主要提到企业可以使用的通行于欧盟的“许可证”骤然
失效可能带来的很多问题，贝利提到了受影响的国家和公司的数目，是为了说明这个问题影响的范围很广。故答案
为A)。贝利在定位段中并没有提到许可证失效与金融市场行为监管局之间的关联，故排除B)“金融市场行为监管
局庞大的工作量”；贝利在第五段才论及一旦许可证失效可能会引发什么问题，因此C)“申请‘许可证’的重要性”
第 11 页不是第四段的论述的要点，应排除；D)“海外市场的庞大规模”与定位段主题无关，故排除。
53. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的lossoffirms’“passport”定位到原文第五段第一句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查所谓的“许可证”一旦失效可能带来的问题。定位句提到，存在的风险就是企业
在没有合法经营许可证的情况下，被迫停止出售商品，或者一旦不能按约定向消费者提供服务，就极易遭到法律诉
讼，可知“许可证”骤然失效会增加国际贸易中的法律纠纷，故C)为答案。A)“造成对欧盟成员国间旅行的限制”
是对“passport”字面意思的曲解，故排除；B)“影响公司提供服务的能力”，定位句的意思是一旦无法履约就更容
易陷入法律纠纷，并非会削弱企业的能力，故排除；D)“处理许可证的时间延长”，这是先前许可协议骤然终结的
后果，不是企业失去许可证可能遇到的问题，故排除。
54. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的thelasttwoparagraphs和ChrisLeslie定位到原文第七段第一句和第八段第二句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查对克里斯·莱斯利观点的理解。第七段首句引用了克里斯·莱斯利的原话，指出
应该从2008年全球经济危机中吸取教训，那就是明晰的金融服务管理体系至关重要，并在随后一段强调一旦监察
部门不能依照法规有效监控，那么公民财产和整体市场都会面临风险，可知莱斯利是在强调明晰的法规体系十分重
要，故答案为B)。A)“加强金融市场行为监管局监管的紧迫性”，莱斯利虽然强调金融监管的重要性，但是并没有
明确应由哪个部门来实现，故排除；最后一段虽然指出金融监管很重要，但并非是针对监管者提出的要求，而是呼
吁要有法规依据，因此排除C)“金融管理者的责任”；莱斯利在第八段首句提出，政府应该重视给予金融监管部门
明确的依据来保护消费者，其实也是呼吁政府要重视明晰法规，而D)“政府介入的必要性”这种说法过于笼统，故
排除。
55. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的ChrisLeslie’s和各选项定位到原文最后三段相关内容。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查文中涉及的两个主要人物的观点。从定位段提供的信息综合得知，莱斯利强调应
该建立明晰的市场监管法律法规体系，让金融市场的管理者能够更好的应对脱欧可能带来的一系列风险。而上文也
提到了贝利对强行脱欧之后可能存在的风险进行了预测，可见两人都是对脱欧后的可能存在的问题有所担心，故答
案为D)。A)“他为贝利的观点提供佐证”，莱斯利只是接着贝利提出的各种风险指出应该以强化法规体系来应对，
并未对贝利的观点提供佐证，故排除；B)“他挑战贝利的结论”，莱斯利没有对贝利的观点做出任何评价，故排除；
C)“他提出了全新的观点”，莱斯利和贝利一样，都认为强行脱欧会引发市场和法律风险，只是莱斯利更具体地强
调健全法规的问题，并不是对与贝利完全不同的观点，故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
The Chinese knot, a kind of hand-woven handicraft, is peculiar to China, occupying a prominent position in the
nation’s artistic and cultural heritage. It is characterized by knot being made with a single rope and being named after its
specific shapeand meaning. Thetradition ofChinese knotenjoys alonghistory. In ancienttimes, the Chineseknot is justa
toolusedbypeopletokeeptrackoftheir dailylife ortietheirclothes.Nowadays,itusuallyfunctionsasinterior decoration,
giftamongrelativesandfriends,aswellaspersonalornament.InChineselanguage,aknotmeansreunion,amity,peaceand
love,etc.,sotheChineseknotisoftenusedtoexpressgoodwishes.
难点注释
1.第一句中，“在……中占据重要的地位”可直译为playinganimportantrolein…，也可像参考译文那样，意译为“占
据重要的地位”，用分词形式状语译出，即occupyingaprominent/significant/criticalposition。
2.第二句中，“它的特点是”可译为“Itscharacteristicisthat/liesin…”，也可像参考译文那样译为短语becharacterized
by…，注意by后面需要接动词结构。“根据……命名”可译为短语benamedafter…。
3.第三句中，“源远流长”即“历史悠久”，可直译为hasalonghistory,较为高级的译法是enjoysalonghistory。
4.第四句中，“记事”简单的译法是recordthings，也可像译文那样译成keeptrackofsth.。
5.第五句中，可用“人们”为主语，直译为主动句结构，即peopleoftenuseitas…，也可像参考译文那样将“其（中
国结）”作为主语，译为被动结构，更显译文句式多样化。“用作……”可直译为beusedas…，也可以像参考译
第 12 页文那样译为functionsas…。
6.最后一句中，“寓意”最简单的译法是means，此外还可译为symbolizes。
第 13 页
