2018年浙江杭州英语试卷+答案+解析(word整理版)_12.2026年4月全国各地高考模拟卷_2026版初中金考卷•45套中考试卷汇编系列合集_全国版中考真题(1)_各省市《历年中考真题》2013-2024(10)_浙江

2018年杭州市初中毕业升学文化考试
(满分:120分 考试时间:100分钟)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
When Canadian teenager Ryan was six years old, his teacher told him that in many parts of Africa, there was no clean water. She said that people often made themselves ill, and even died, just from drinking or bathing in dirty water.
What she said made Ryan upset. He decided to raise money for a well(井)so that people in Africa could have clean water. He did extra chores for his parents and raised $70 all by himself. Then he found out that it actually cost $2,000 to dig a well.
Most people would have given up at this point, but not Ryan. He was disappointed, but determined to raise more money. Finally he collected over $2,000. That money was used to dig the first of “Ryan􀆳s wells”.
Since then, Ryan has continued to raise money for more wells. In fact, Ryan has raised over $1,500,000!
Ryan calls himself “a normal boy” and likes to play ice hockey when he􀆳s not in school or travelling around the world talking to other students about himself and his work. As for the future, he has said that he isn􀆳t exactly sure what he will choose to do.
“Something along the lines of a lawyer or a teacher. Maybe a leader!”
16.Ryan􀆳s teacher told him about the water problem in Africa in order to .
A.encourage Ryan to dig wells for people in Africa
B.ask Ryan to raise money for poor people in Africa
C.make Ryan feel unhappy and disappointed
D.educate Ryan to care about African people in difficulty
17.What does Ryan think of himself according to the passage?
A.He is different from other students in many ways.
B.He never gives up when he has decided to do something.
C.He is talented and can do many great things in the future.
D.He􀆳s like other students with his own hobby and dreams.
18.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Ryan and His Teacher
B.Ryan and His Wells
C.Ryan and His Money
D.Ryan and His Future
B
Who wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste? Believe it or not, that􀆳s exactly what world leaders did at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015.
During the meal, the world leaders enjoyed dishes like salads and burgers made with thrown-away vegetables and fruits. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food
waste.
It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food produced worldwide goes to waste!
Why is so much food wasted?Firstly, food is often thrown away before it reaches customers because too much of it is produced, or because it is not kept properly in farms. Secondly, shops and supermarkets usually throw away unsold food. Finally, customers
often buy more food than they need, so a lot of uneaten food is wasted.
How can you waste less food?When eating out, you may ask for less food and take home what is left. Visit fast food restaurants less often, since they are usually more wasteful. Encourage your favorite restaurants to give unsold food to food banks.
You can also waste less food at home. Use smaller rice bowls so that you serve less rice. Encourage family members to use unfinished rice to make rice puddings. Tell family members to make a shopping list and buy only what is on the list when shopping for
food.
Food waste is a growing problem and we, either farmers or food sellers or customers, must take this problem more seriously and do what we can to help.
19.What did world leaders do at a lunch held by the United Nations in 2015?
A.They threw away food as waste during the meal.
B.They made dishes with waste vegetables and fruits.
C.They ate food made with waste vegetables and fruits.
D.They helped Chef Dan Barber create the special meal.
20.The underlined word “issue”in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .A.resultB.problem
C.cause D.beginning
21.The writer organizes Paragraph 4 by asking a question and .
A.giving examples B.using numbers
C.listing reasonsD.telling a story
22.Which way of wasting less food is mentioned in the passage?
A.Buying unsold food from supermarkets.
B.Keeping food properly in a fridge.
C.Using smaller rice bowls when eating out.
D.Asking for less food in restaurants.
C
Bananas are the perfect snack. Not only are they sweet and delicious, but they are easy to carry around, so you can take them anywhere. Best of all, bananas provide different things that the human body needs!
Bananas grow best in warm places that get lots of rain. They grow on plants that look like trees. The banana plant, however, is considered a herb rather than a tree because it doesn􀆳t have a strong, woody stem(干,茎). The plants can grow as high as 30 feet. When
they reach their full height, flowers grow out from the stem. These flowers produce bananas.
Two or three times each year, the plants produce fruit. The bananas grow together, which seem like “hands”. A hand is made up of 10 to 20 bananas. Growers sometimes call bananas “fingers”. Each bunch(丛)of bananas has about 15 hands, and so a whole bunch
may have as many as 200 bananas and can weigh more than 100 pounds.
After about three months, the bananas are ready to be picked. At this point, they still aren􀆳t the sunny yellow color of bananas. Farmers pick them when they􀆳re green. That􀆳s how they􀆳re shipped to stores. They turn yellow along the way and are ready to be
sold.
If you love bananas, you􀆳ve got a lot of company. Americans have been enjoying bananas since the first shipment arrived in the United States in 1876. Today, Americans eat more bananas than any other fruit. More bananas are sold than apples and grapes
together. Every American eats over 26 pounds of bananas each year!
23.The first paragraph mainly talks about .
A.why people like bananas
B.how bananas taste
C.what bananas are rich in
D.where bananas are taken
24.What is the correct order in which these happen?
a.The bananas begin to turn yellow.
b.A banana plant grows to full height.
c.The flowers produce bananas.
d.The bananas are ready to be picked.
A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a
C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-a
25.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.The banana plant is a kind of tree.
B.Bananas like growing in hot and dry areas.
C.One bunch of bananas may weigh over 100 pounds.
D.The banana plant usually produces fruit once a year.
26.Which is the second most popular fruit in America according to the bar chart?
A.Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.Oranges.
DThere is a popular Chinese saying that “Fair skin(皮肤) will make up for three flaws(缺陷)”. This mentions the fact that in Chinese culture, it is believed that people who have fair skin are more beautiful. In Western culture, however, the opposite is true—many
Westerners think tanned skin is prettier. The example shows that different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful. These cultural meanings of beauty, however, are no longer important. As more and more people travel overseas, ideas about beauty
are being shared among cultures. The Internet has also made it easier for people to share different types of beauty since people are always posting pictures on social media. The result is an ever-changing idea of what is considered beautiful.
The cultural practice of ear piercings, for example, has become a part of modern day culture. In Kenya, it is a tradition among the Masai men and women to pierce and then make their ear lobes(耳垂)longer using ivory and wood or stones. They then wear colorful
things on their ear lobes. This is a common practice since longer ear lobes are seen as a sign of beauty. This tradition has now found its way into present-day culture. Nowadays, this might still seem unusual to some, but with more and more well-known actors and film
stars showing off their longer ear lobes, it will finally become more fashionable.
It is understood that different cultures around the world have different ways of showing beauty. However, since we now live in a worldwide society, people􀆳s views about beauty are always changing. With the help of the Internet, people are now able to easily
borrow ideas from other cultures to help them stand out. So what new fashions can we expect to see in the future?
27.What has made it easier for people to share ideas about beauty?
A.The development of technology.
B.The popularity of the latest fashions.
C.The unchanged cultural traditions.
D.The world􀆳s growing population.
28.What can be learned about the Masai people from the passage?
A.Longer ear lobes are their new fashion.
B.Only women make their ear lobes longer.
C.They think longer ear lobes look beautiful.
D.They make actors and film stars famous.
29.The underlined word“them” in the last paragraph refers to .
A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashions
30.What is the passage mainly about?
A.People in Asian countries like fair skin better.
B.Beauty is considered important in many cultures.
C.Different cultures have different ideas about beauty.
D.People􀆳s ideas about beauty are changing all the time.
第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
下面文章中有五处(第31—35题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。
Five ways to make a great first impression(印象)!
Researchers have discovered that, in general, it only takes seven seconds for a person to start making judgments about you when they first meet you. That􀆳s why you should follow these useful tips on how to create a good first impression.
31.
Before meeting someone, start thinking about the purpose of the meeting. Are you trying to impress them? For example, if you want to make new friends at a social event, you will want to appear friendly. And if you decide to run for class president at your school,
you will need to appear confident(自信的).
32.
Smiling is the most important thing you can do when meeting someone new. It shows that you􀆳re friendly and makes people around you feel more comfortable. To have a winning smile, make sure your teeth are clean by brushing them every day.
33.
Before you begin speaking, you will be judged on your body language. Therefore, it􀆳s important to show trust in yourself by standing up tall and putting your shoulders back. Besides, if you uncross your arms, you will appear relaxed and friendly.
34.
How you smell can influence people􀆳s first impression of you. If you have a bad body smell, it will put people off. In short, aim to smell clean and avoid putting on a lot of scented products.
35.
What you wear matters. While you should look clean and tidy, it􀆳s also important to dress properly, whether you􀆳re going to a birthday party or a sporting event. You should think about what your clothes say about you.
A.Smell good
B.Dress to impress
C.Get ready for a speech
D.A smile goes a long way
E.Be careful about your body language
F.Decide what image(形象)you want to present
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分25分)
第一节:完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。My friends and I joined a two-day survival(生存)training course in the mountains. The first day was really 36 —there was so much to do! Arriving at the campsite, we were divided into groups and given a tent, some food, a 37 and a compass(指南针).
Standing next to a small river, Fanny 38 camping in the grassy area nearby. However, our instructor, Mr. Lee, pointed out that it might flood(淹没)if it rained. In the end, we found a 39 area. Putting up the tent was very hard. 40 Mr. Lee helped us a
lot.
By the time we had put up the tent, 41 was really hungry. “We wouldn􀆳t have got this hungry if we had brought some snacks,”Peter said. We all told him to 42 complaining(抱怨)and help us start a fire to cook our food 43 . Realizing we were
having trouble making the fire, he finally 44 .
The next day started early. Woken by a strange noise, Peter went to see what was 45 . “Some cows have eaten our breakfast!”he shouted. “That􀆳s all because you didn􀆳t 46 the food properly last night,” said Mr. Lee.
Worried that Mr. Lee was angry with us, we tried very hard on our next 47 —using the map and compass to find a secret location. We made it to the location 48 the other groups did. We all felt very proud of 49 .
The survival training course was a great 50 . Now I feel I could survive anywhere!
36.A.disappointing B.difficult
C.different D.boring
37.A.map B.book C.light D.knife
38.A.suggested B.finished
C.imagined D.enjoyed
39.A.nearer B.lower
C.bigger D.higher
40.A.Surprisingly B.Suddenly
C.Luckily D.Usually
41.A.everyone B.anyone C.someone D.no one
42.A.start B.mind C.stop D.continue
43.A.yet B.too C.again D.instead
44.A.helped out B.gave out
C.worked out D.started out
45.A.developingB.happening
C.beginning D.following
46.A.throw off B.put away
C.eat upD.sell out
47.A.plan B.lessonC.task D.problem
48.A.tillB.after C.when D.before
49.A.him B.them C.you D.ourselves
50.A.example B.experience
C.activity D.competition
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分25分)
第二节:(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the result of thousands of years of human invention.
First came the invention of writing, 51 (probable)about 5,500 years ago. With writing, people did not have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never 52 (see) and share their knowledge with future
generations.
Later, the Greeks were well-known for their literature(文学)and science, but their “books” looked very different 53 the books of today. They were called scrolls(卷轴). They were difficult to use and took a lot of space in a library. About 2,000 years ago,
books with lots of pages 54 (invent).
For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal skin. That changed in 55 thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very 56 (use)Chinese invention:paper.
But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more people could afford the books 57 were produced
on a printing press.
These days it is difficult 58 (imagine)a world without books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more 59 (story) are bought as e-books and read on a screen.
Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, 60 will books, like scrolls, soon disappear?
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分25分)
第一节:单词拼写(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
根据下列句子及所给的首字母,写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空限填一词)。
61.My friend came over last night to watch the v of the football match that I􀆳d recorded.
62.After a long day, Tom l down on the bed and went to sleep.
63.The train was very c with passengers, so we had to stand.
64.—Do you think more money should be given to education?— C ! I couldn􀆳t agree more.
65.Sorry, I􀆳ve f your phone number. Could you please tell me again?
66.Be p . It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day.
67.A square has four sides and four c .
68.December is the t and last month of the year.
69.The Chinese women􀆳s volleyball team won a gold m in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.
70.You will r a warm welcome when you come to our village.
第二节:书面表达(共1小题,满分15分)
假定你是李平(Tel:1361234567),家住滨海市人民路1号。你在美国旅行期间不慎遗失钱包,曾向宾馆询问。 以下是宾馆的答复邮件,请你阅读后进行回复,词数80左右。
2018年杭州市初中毕业升学文化考试
答案速查
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
D D B C B C D A B C
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
A A C A D F D E A B
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
B A A D C A C D A B
46 47 48 49 50
B C D D B
第Ⅰ卷
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了小男孩Ryan在得知非洲非常缺乏洁净的水的问题以后,从小就开始筹钱想帮助非洲人们打井,做出了不平凡的贡献。
16.D 推理判断题。老师告诉Ryan非洲的水资源问题为的是教育学生关心非洲困难地区的人们。故选D项。
17.D 细节理解题。题干句意:根据文章,Ryan认为自己是一个什么样的人?根据文章最后一段的第一句可知,他和其他学生一样具有自己的兴趣爱好和梦想。干扰项A:different与Ryan的描述不符;干扰项B:他决定做某事的时候就绝不会放弃,这是他
人对他的看法;干扰项C:C项与“he isn􀆳t exactly sure what he will choose to do”的表述不符。
18.B 主旨大意题。题干句意:下列哪一个最适合做本文的题目?本文讲述Ryan在得知非洲人们非常缺乏洁净的水后,筹钱帮助非洲人们打井的故事,因此答案为B项。
B
[语篇解读] 本文以世界领导人吃剩菜的活动引入食物浪费的话题,详细阐述了食物浪费的原因,并号召人们通过各种途径节约食物,减少浪费。
19.C 细节理解题。题干句意:2015年世界领导人在由联合国举办的午宴上做了什么?由第一段中“Who wants to eat food that is thrown away as waste?...that􀆳s exactly what world leaders did...”可知。
20.B 词义猜测题。result结果;problem问题;cause原因;beginning开端。根据第二段,厨师Dan Barber希望通过这次经历让领导人更多地关注食物浪费这个issue,结合下文中“It is a huge problem.”可知,答案选择B项。
21.C 推理判断题。第四段的首句是一个特殊疑问句。而后通过Firstly, Secondly 和Finally三个方面进行了回答。因此答案为C项。
22.D 细节理解题。题干句意:哪一条是文章中提到的减少食物浪费的方法?根据第五段中“When eating out, you may ask for less food...”可知。
C
[语篇解读] 本文对香蕉的成长、采摘、运输以及售卖进行介绍。作为一种水果,香蕉大受欢迎。
23.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了香蕉的三个好处,因此香蕉是完美的小吃。
24.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When they reach their full height, flowers grow out from the stem.”和“These flowers produce bananas.”可排出顺序b、c;根据第四段中“Farmers pick them when they􀆳re green.”和“They turn yellow along the way and are
ready to be sold.”可知排序为:d、a。因此选择B项。
25.C 细节理解题。题干句意:根据文章,下列哪一项是正确的?根据文章第三段的最后一句可知。由第二段“The banana plant, however,is considered a herb rather than a tree”,可知香蕉树不是树;由第二段“Bananas grow best in warm places that get lots of
rain”可知,B项错误;第三段中“Two or three times each year, the plants produce fruit.”与D项不符。26.A 细节理解题。题干句意:根据条形图,美国第二种最受欢迎的水果是什么?通过观察图表,根据每年一个人水果摄入量的图表来看,香蕉排第一,苹果排第二,因此苹果是美国第二种最受欢迎的水果。
D
[语篇解读] 本文以中西方文化对肤色美的不同看法引入,探讨了关于美和文化的话题。虽然不同的文化有不同的审美观,但是随着时代的发展和不同文化之间的交融,人们的审美也在不断改变,人们对美的理解也在相互包容、相互借鉴。
27.A 细节理解题。题干句意:对于人们来说什么使得分享审美观变得更容易了?根据第一段的“The Internet has also made it easier for people to share different types of beauty”可知。
28.C 细节理解题。题干句意:从文章来看可以了解到Masai人的什么?根据文章的第二段“longer ear lobes are seen as a sign of beauty”可知。干扰项A:长耳垂是传统,不是新时尚;干扰项B:Masai的男女都会如此,与原文不符;干扰项D:明星们的展示使
这种时尚流行,而不是使明星们有名。
29.A 词义猜测题。第三段的倒数第二句话“在互联网的帮助下,人们现在可以很容易地从其他文化中汲取灵感,帮助他们脱颖而出”,此处them指代people。
30.D 主旨大意题。题干句意:这篇文章主要关于什么?本文第一段的最后一句中“an ever-changing idea of what is considered beautiful”和最后一段中“people􀆳s views about beauty are always changing”可知文章围绕人们的审美变化展开论述。
第二节
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了给人留下好的第一印象的五种方法。
31.F 根据本段的第一句,以及两个例子,一个是“社交场合,你要表现得友好”,另一个是“如果竞选班长,你要表现得自信”,综合起来选择F项。
32.D 根据本段的第一句可知本段是讲述微笑的重要性。
33.E 根据本段的第一句来确定关键词为“body language”,本段主要讲“注意你的身体语言”。
34.A 根据本段的第一句确定关键词“smell”,因此选择A项:好闻。
35.B 根据本段的第一句和第二句确定关键词“dress properly”,因此选择B项:穿着给人留下深刻的印象。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节:完形填空
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了作者和朋友一起经历了一场生存训练,并从中收获很多。
36.B 后文提到there was so much to do, 表明有很多事情要做,说明第一天还是比较困难的。disappointing令人失望的;difficult困难的;different不同的;boring无聊的。
37.A 根据文章倒数第二段中的using the map and compass, 可知选择A项。map地图;book书;light光;knife刀。
38.A Fanny建议在附近的草地上野营。suggest建议;finish完成;imagine想象;enjoy喜欢。
39.D 草地较低,容易被淹没,所以往更高的地方扎营。所以选D项。nearer更近的;lower更低的;bigger更大的;higher更高的。
40.C 搭建帐篷很难,幸运的是,有Mr. Lee的帮忙。surprisingly惊喜地;suddenly突然地;luckily幸运地;usually通常地。
41.A 等我们把帐篷搭建完,大家都真正地感到饿了。everyone人人,大家;anyone任何人;someone某人;no one没有人。
42.C 我们告诉Peter与其抱怨,还不如来帮我们生火。start开始;mind介意;stop停止;continue继续。
43.D 文章表达大家想让Peter来一起生火做饭而不是抱怨,所以选择D项。yet还,但是;too也;again再;instead代替,而不是。
44.A 他意识到我们生火有困难,他最终来帮助解决困难了。help out帮助解决困难;give out分发;work out解答;start out出发。
45.B 被一声奇怪的声音叫醒,Peter去看发生了什么事情。develop发展;happen发生;begin开始;follow跟随。
46.B 那是因为你昨天晚上没有把食物收拾好。throw off摆脱;put away把……收拾好;eat up吃光;sell out卖光。
47.C 担心Mr. Lee对我们生气,因此我们努力完成第二项任务。plan计划;lesson课程;task任务;problem问题。
48.D 从设空处的后一句来看,我们对自己很骄傲,说明我们这组比其他的组先到达地点。till直到;after在……之后;when当……的时候;before在……之前。
49.D 我们为自己自豪。him他;them他们;you你们;ourselves我们自己。
50.B 这次生存训练课程是一次很好的经历,所以选B项。example例子;experience经历;activity活动;competition比赛。
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了文字及书的发明为交流提供了极大的便利,随着科技的进步书本会继续存在还是消失呢?
51.probably 句意:首先是字的发明,可能大约在5,500年以前出现了。probably可能。
52.saw 句意:他们可以和他们从来都看不到的人交流并且和后代分享他们的知识。
53.from/to/than 句意:后来,希腊人因文学和科学而出名,但他们的“书”看起来和今天的书非常不同。be different from/to/than与……不同。
54.were invented 句意:大约2,000年前,有许多页的书被发明出来。
55.the 句意:当欧洲人得知了一种非常有用的中国发明——纸,那种情况在十三世纪改变了。the thirteenth century十三世纪。
56.useful 句意同上。useful有用的。
57.that/which 句意:更多的人可以支付得起用印刷机生产出来的书。此处设空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。
58.to imagine 句意:现如今很难想象没有书的世界(是怎样的)。imagine想象。
59.stories story为可数名词,前有more修饰,故用复数形式。
60.or 句意:未来会有人翻着看传统的书,还是像卷轴那样的书会很快消失呢?
第四部分 写作
第一节:单词拼写
61.video/videos 本题考查名词。句意:我的朋友昨天晚上过来观看了我录制的足球比赛的录像。注意:观看的录像可能是一个,也可能是多个,因此单数或者复数都可以。
62.lay 本题考查动词。通过went可知是一般过去时的句子,lay是lie的过去式:躺。
63.crowded 本题考查形容词。车上只有站票了,说明车上很拥挤。be crowded with挤满了……。
64.Certainly 本题考查副词。I couldn􀆳t agree more.我完全同意。
65.forgotten 本题考查现在完成时态,其结构是have/has done,设空处要使用该词的过去分词形式。
66.patient 本题考查形容词。通过It takes time.可知需要时间,因此是耐心一些。
67.corners 本题考查名词复数。句意:一个正方形有四条边和四个角。
68.twelfth 本题考查序数词。通过December和last可知,设空处为序数词。注意“第十二”的拼写。
69.medal 本题考查名词。设空处前出现冠词a,因此使用单数形式。gold medal金牌。
70.receive 本题考查动词。句意:当你来到我们村子的时候,你会受到非常热烈的欢迎。设空处用原形。
第二节:书面表达
[写作要点]
1.本文是应用文。
2.写作时应使用第一人称,时态主要为一般现在时。
3.写作中应包含何时入住宾馆、所住房间和对失物的描述及里面的物品,并附上地址和电话号码。
[参考范文]
Dear Mr . Smith ,
Thank you so much for your reply. I stayed in your hotel on July 6, in Room 106, and I remember having left my new black wallet on the table. My ID card, two credit cards, and a 100-dollar bill, are in my wallet. Would you be kind enough to send me the wallet to
No. 1 Renmin Road, Binhai, China by mail if you find it?Please call me at my phone number 1361234567 if needed.
Thanks again.
Yours,
Li Ping