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一、阅读理解（每道小题5 分，共40 分）
A 篇
My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is hesitant
to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a leader who laughs loudly and chants,
"Girls rule, boys drool." But when that comfort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous.
This has been challenging for me at times. "Shy" is not a word that I think has ever been
used to describe me. But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new
sense of confidence. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for
a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she
completed her first kids' triathlon (三项全能运动).
On Saturday, with a thunderstorm coming soon and my son's birthday party later in the day,
we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to participate in her first triathlon. We
practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with her, we got all the equipment she'd need, and
we kept talking about the race. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before
her turn, she held my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was
nervous but trying to keep it together.
And then it was her turn. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart soared. My
daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that
swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face.
I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life. It wasn't because
she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and conquered
that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn't seen before.
All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the
finalist medal but I felt like I won that day. I won the chance to see my girl shine.
Shine on, sweet baby.
（1）Kelly is nervous when ____.
A. boys are around her
B. she changes into a leader
C. she is away from her mom
D. situations are new to her
【答案】D
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【解析】细节理解题。根据文章中第一段所描述的She needs to warm up to situations, and is
hesitant to try new things.以及But when that comfort zone is not around her, she is shy and
nervous.可知，Kelly 是一个慢热型的人，如果遇到新环境，她是害羞的和紧张的。故选D。
【知识点】记叙文、细节理解、人物故事类
（2）We can know from Paragraph 3 ____.
A. the race began in the early morning
B. the whole family gave Kelly support
C. Kelly was eager for her turn in the race
D. Kelly prepared for her brother's birthday party
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的We practiced transitions from swim to bike to run with
her, we got all the equipment she'd need, and we kept talking about the race.可知，作者全家
都在给Kelly 加油。故选B。
【知识点】记叙文、推理判断、人物故事类
（3）Seeing Kelly's performance in the race, the author felt ____.
A. excited and proud
B. anxious and uneasy
C. worried and hesitant
D. curious and concerned
【答案】A
【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第四段的内容，尤其是she jumped into the water, my heart
soared 可推断作者当时的心情是既激动又自豪的，故本题应选A。
【知识点】记叙文、推理判断、人物故事类
（4）In Paragraph 5, the underlined word "conquered" probably means ____.
A. to defeat someone especially in a competition
B. to succeed in dealing with or control something
C. to become very popular or successful in a place
D. to take control of a country or a city and its people by force
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第五段的内容，尤其是It was because she was afraid of
something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn't seen before 可推断作者
当时对孩子的表现感到自豪，因为孩子不再恐惧，能够自信地战胜恐惧。故选B。
【知识点】记叙文、词义猜测、人物故事类
（5）In the ending paragraphs, the author "felt like I won that day" because Kelly ____.
A. overcame the fear
B. expressed love to her
C. won the gold medal
D. took part in the sport
【答案】A
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【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的It was because she was afraid of something and
conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn't seen before.以及第六段中的 I felt like I
won that day 可知，她已经克服了她的恐惧了。故选A。
【知识点】记叙文、推理判断、人物故事类
B 篇
Why are newspapers and TV broadcasts filled with disaster, corruption and incompetence?
It may be because we're drawn to depressing stories without realizing, according to
psychologists.
When you read the news, sometimes it can feel like the only things reported are terrible,
depressing events. Why do the media concentrate on the bad things in life, rather than the good?
In fact, many people often say that they would prefer good news.
The researchers present their experiment as solid evidence of a so-called "negativity bias
(偏见)", psychologists' term for our collective hunger to hear, and remember bad news.
It isn't just delight in other people's misfortune, the theory goes, but that we've evolved to
react quickly to potential threats. Bad news could be a signal that we need to change what we're
doing to avoid danger.
As you'd expect from this theory, there's some evidence that people respond quicker to
negative words. In lab experiments, flash the word "cancer", "bomb" or "war" up at someone and
they can hit a button in response quicker than if that word is "baby", "smile" or "fun". We are also
able to recognize negative words faster than positive words, and even tell that a word is going to
be unpleasant before we can tell exactly what the word is going to be.
There's another interpretation (解释) that researchers put on their evidence: we pay attention
to bad news, because on the whole, we think the world is more hopeful than it actually is. When it
comes to our own lives, most of us believe we're better than average, and that, like the cliches,
we expect things to be all right in the end. This pleasant view of the world makes bad news all
the more surprising and arresting. It is only against a light background that the dark spots are
highlighted.
So our attraction to bad news may be more complex than just journalistic prejudice or a
hunger springing from the darkness within.
（1）What is "negativity bias" according to psychologists?
A. It is one's delight in others' misfortune.
B. It is one's habit of reacting quickly to potential threats.
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C. It is a signal with which we can avoid danger.
D. People are born to hear and remember bad news.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“psychologists' term for our collective hunger to
hear, and remember bad news.”可知，“negativity bias”就是指人们对于消极词汇的记忆更
容易。也就是说人们天生就更容易记住这些不好的内容。故D 正确。
【知识点】议论文、推理判断、教育心理类
（2）What can we infer from the passage?
A. Journalists only feel like reporting depressing bad news.
B. It is true that there are no good stories to be reported.
C. People unconsciously pay more attention to bad news.
D. People like to hear pleasant words rather than bad words.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It may be because we’re drawn to depressing
stories without realizing, according to psychologists.”可知，根据心理学家的观点，在我们自
己没有意识到的情况下，我们就会被不好的故事所吸引。故C 正确。
【知识点】议论文、推理判断、教育心理类
（3）What will be read first by most readers according to the theory?
A. Movie star arrested for taking drugs.
B. Movie star went on a campaign for ASL disease.
C. Movie star accepts Ice Bucket Challenge.
D. Movie star awarded the third Oscar in three years.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。本文告诉我们，人们更容易记得不好的消息和新闻。A、B、C、D 四个
选项中，B、C、D 三项都属于正常的新闻报道，没有不好的消息。只有A 项：电影明星因为吸
毒被抓，这属于负面的消息。所以这样的新闻更吸引眼球，更容易被读者记得。故A 正确。
【知识点】议论文、推理判断、教育心理类
（4）What causes people to focus more on bad news than on good news?
A. The world is believed to be more hopeful than it actually is.
B. It is expected that things will be all right in the end.
C. The world is believed to be full of darkness.
D. It is believed that we are better than others.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句“When it comes to our own lives, most of us
believe we're better than average, and that, like the cliches, we expect things to be all right in
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the end.”可知，人们更容易被坏消息吸引，那是因为人们期待这些不好的消息最后都会变好。
故B 正确。
【知识点】议论文、推理判断、教育心理类
二、七选五（每道小题2 分，共10 分）
Learn to Think
"I will think of it." It is easy to say this. 1 We cann't see our thoughts, or hear, or
taste, or feel them; and yet what mighty power they have!
Sir Isac Newton was seated in his garden on a summer's evening, when he saw an apple
fall from a tree. 2 Later, he discovered how the earth, sun, moon, and stars were kept in
their places.
3 He began to think; he wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the
heavy lid. From that time, he went on thinking and thinking. When he became a man, he
improved the steam engine so much that it could, with the greatest ease, do the work of many
horses.
4
A man named Galileo was once standing in the cathedral of Pisa, when he saw a light
swaying to and fro. This set him thinking, and it led to the invention of the pendulum.
Boys, when you have a difficult lesson to learn, don't feel discouraged, and help yourselves
before asking someone to help you. 5
A. But do you know what great things have come from thinking?
B. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
C. A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fireside, watching the lid of the tea kettle as it
moved up and down.
D. And do you know how to think?
E. When you see a steamboat, a steam mill, remember that it would never have been built if it
had not been for the hard thinking of someone.
F. He began to think, trying to find out why the apple fell.
G. He was a famous physicist and good at thinking.
（1）____
【答案】A
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【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“We can't see our thoughts, or hear, or
taste, or feel them; and yet what mighty power they have!”思想虽然看不见，摸不着，品尝不
到，感受不到，但是思考有巨大的力量，A 选项“But do you know what great things have
come from thinking.”但是你知道思考会发生什么重大的事情吗，符合文意。故选A。
【知识点】议论文、上下文逻辑
（2）____
【答案】F
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“Sir Isac Newton was seated in his
garden on a summer's evening, when he saw an apple fell from a tree.”可知，牛顿坐在自家
的花园中，突然看见苹果从树上落下，F 选项“He began to think, trying to find out why the
apple fell.”他开始思考，试着找到苹果落下的理由，符合文意。故选F。
【知识点】议论文、上下文逻辑
（3）____
【答案】C
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“...he wanted to find out why the steam
in the kettle moved the heavy lid.”他想知道为什么水壶的蒸汽会使得盖子上上下下，C 选项
“A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fireside, watching the lid of the tea kettle as it
moved up and down.”一个叫瓦特的男孩坐在炉边，看着水壶的盖子上上下下，符合文意。故
选C。
【知识点】议论文、上下文逻辑
（4）____
【答案】E
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“When he became a man, he improved
the steam engine so much that it could, with the greatest ease, do the work of many horses.”
可知，瓦特改造了蒸汽发动机，使得以蒸汽动力的很多东西被改善，E 选项“When you see a
steamboat, a steam mill, remember that it would never have been built if it had not been for
the hard thinking of someone.”当你看见一架蒸汽船，记住如果不是某人努力的思考 ，它就从
来不会被制造出来，符合。故选E。
【知识点】议论文、上下文逻辑
（5）____
【答案】B
【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据“...don't feel discouraged, and help
yourselves before asking someone to help you.”别灰心丧气，在找别人帮助你之前，你要帮
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助你自己，B 选项“Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.”思
考，通过思考你会学到如何利用思考达到某种目的，符合文意。故选B。
【知识点】议论文、上下文逻辑
三、完形填空（每道小题2 分，共40 分）
As a young man, Alan was a skilled artist, a painter with a wife and two fine sons. One night,
his elder son 1 a bad stomachache. Thinking it was only some 2 intestinal (肠
的) disorder, neither Alan nor his wife took the condition very 3 . But the boy died
suddenly that night. Knowing the death could have been 4 if he had only realized the
seriousness of the 5 , he always felt the loss of his son was due 6 him. To
make matters worse, his wife left him a short time later, 7 him alone with his six-year-old
younger son. The hurt and pain of the two situations were more than Alan could 8 , and
he turned to alcohol for help. 9 Alan became an alcoholic. 10 the alcoholism
progressed, Alan began to lose everything he 11 — his land, house, etc. Finally Alan
died alone in a small bar. Hearing of Alan's death, I thought, "What a totally wasted life! What a
complete 12 !" As time went by, I began to reconsider my earlier 13 . I knew
Alan's now 14 son, Ernie. He is one of the kindest, most 15 , most loving men I
have ever known. I saw the love between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and
caring had to come from somewhere. I hadn't heard Ernie talked much about his 16 .
One day, I worked up my 17 to ask him what on earth his father had done so that he
became such a special person. Ernie said 18 , "As a child until I left home at 18, Alan
came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, 'love you, son.'" Tears came to my
eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to 19 Alan as a failure. He had not left any
20 belongings behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.
（1）____
A. exploded
B. developed
C. spread
D. lifted
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.exploded 爆炸；B.developed 发展；C.spread 散布、传播；
D.lifted 抬起。根据本空后的“a bad stomachache. Thinking it was only some… intestinal
disorder”可知，Alan 的大儿子得了很严重的胃痛。故选B。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（2）____
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A. certain
B. rare
C. common
D. informal
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. certain 确定的；B. rare 罕见的；C. common 普通的；D.
informal 非正式的。根据本空后的"intestinal disorder, neither Alan nor his wife took the
condition very…"可知，以为只是普通的肠道紊乱，Alan 和他的妻子都没有重视儿子的胃痛。故
选C。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（3）____
A. lightly
B. slightly
C. consciously
D. seriously
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. lightly 轻轻地；B. slightly 稍微地；C. consciously 自觉地；D.
seriously 严肃地。句意：以为只是普通的肠道紊乱，Alan 和妻子都没有重视儿子的胃痛。take
sth. seriously 表示“认真对待或重视某事”。故选D。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（4）____
A. cured
B. saved
C. banned
D. prevented
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. cured 治愈；B. saved 挽救；C. banned 禁止；D. prevented
预防。根据本空后的"if he had only realized the seriousness of the…"可知，如果当时他意识到
情况的严重性，死亡是可以避免的。故选D。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（5）____
A. situation
B. position
C. stage
D. reaction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. situation 情况、形势；B. position 位置；C. stage 舞台；D.
reaction 反应。句意：如果当时他意识到情况的严重性，死亡是可以避免的。用situation 指
Alan 的大儿子的胃痛。故选A。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（6）____
A. to
B. by
C. for
D. on
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。他总是觉得儿子的死是由他造成的，due to 表示“由于”。故选A。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、人物故事类、固定搭配
（7）____
A. giving
B. leaving
C. providing
D. asking
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【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. giving 给予；B. leaving 离开、留下；C. providing 提供；D.
asking 询问。根据本空前的"To make matters worse, his wife left him a short time later"可知，
他的妻子离开了他，留下他和6 岁的小儿子。故选B。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（8）____
A. stand
B. understand
C. explore
D. support
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. stand 承受；B. understand 理解；C. explore 探索；D. support
支持。根据本空前的"The hurt and pain of the two situations were more than Alan could"可
知，儿子的死亡和妻子的离去带来的伤害和痛苦使Alan 无法承受。故选A。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（9）____
A. As usual
B. In no time
C. In time
D. On occasion
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A. As usual 像往常一样；B. In no time 立刻；C. In time 及时、最
终；D. On occasion 偶尔。儿子的死亡和妻子的离去带来的伤害和痛苦使Alan 无法承受，最终
他成为了一个酒鬼。故选C。
【知识点】人物故事类、词义辨析、夹叙夹议文
（10）____
A. Though
B. As
C. If
D. Because
【答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。A. Though 尽管；B. As 因为、随着；C. If 如果；D. Because 因
为。根据本空后的"the alcoholism progressed, Alan began to lose everything he"可知，随着酗
酒的发展，Alan 开始失去他拥有的一切。故选B。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（11）____
A. needed
B. shared
C. benefited
D. owned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. needed 需要；B. shared 分享；C. benefited 受益；D. owned
拥有。句意：随着酗酒的发展，Alan 开始失去他拥有的一切，故选D。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（12）____
A. failure
B. trouble
C. hardship
D. success
【答案】A
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【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. failure 失败；B. trouble 麻烦；C. hardship 困苦；D. success
成功。根据本空前的“What a totally wasted life! What a complete”可知，听到Alan 的死讯，
我想：“这简直是浪费生命！多么失败的一生啊！”。故选A。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（13）____
A. choice
B. chance
C. judgment
D. expectation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. choice 选择；B. chance 机会；C. judgment 判断；D.
expectation 期望。我先前认为Alan 是一个生活的失败者，随着时间的推移，我开始重新审视早
先的判断。故选C。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（14）____
A. teen
B. adult
C. old
D. poor
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. teen 青少年的；B. adult 成年的；C. old 年老的；D. poor 贫
穷的。根据本空后的"son, Ernie. He is one of the kindest, most… most loving men I have ever
known."可知，我认识他成年的儿子Ernie。故选B。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（15）____
A. careful
B. strict
C. caring
D. excited
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. careful 细心的；B. strict 严厉的；C. caring 体贴的；D.
excited 兴奋的。Ernie 是我认识的最善良、最体贴、最有爱心的人之一。故选C。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（16）____
A. brother
B. mother
C. child
D. father
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. brother 兄弟；B. mother 妈妈；C. child 小孩； D. father 爸
爸。根据下文中的"As a child until I left home at 18, Alan came into my room every night, gave
me a kiss"可知，我从没听到过Ernie 过多地谈起他的爸爸。故选D。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（17）____
A. courage
B. appreciation
C. interest
D. enthusiasm
【答案】A
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【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. courage 勇气；B. appreciation 感激；C. interest 兴趣；D.
enthusiasm 热情。根据本空后的"to ask him what on earth his father had done so that he
became such a special person."可知，我鼓起勇气问Ernie 他的爸爸做了什么让他成为这么特
殊的人。故选A。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（18）____
A. aggressively
B. quietly
C. impatiently
D. excitedly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. aggressively 好斗地；B. quietly 轻声地；C. impatiently 不耐烦
地；D. excitedly 兴奋地。根据本空后的"As a child until I left home at 18, Alan came into my
room every night, gave me a kiss and said"可知，Ernie 轻声地和我谈起他的爸爸。故选B
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（19）____
A. spot
B. wonder
C. view
D. call
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. spot 认出；B. wonder 想知道；C. view 看、认为；D. call 打电
话。听了Ernie 的讲述，我意识到我曾认为Alan 是个失败者的想法是多么愚蠢。故选C。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
（20）____
A. emotional
B. natural
C. basic
D. material
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. emotional 情感的；B. natural 自然的；C. basic 基本的；D.
material 物质的。根据本空后的"belongings behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and
left behind his best love."可知，Alan 虽然没有留下什么物质财富，但是他留下了他最好的爱。
故选D。
【知识点】夹叙夹议文、词义辨析、人物故事类
四、语法填空（每道小题1 分，共10 分）
Faraday was the 1 (invent) of the electric generator and the electric motor.
Faraday's father suffered from long-time health problems, as a result of 2 his family had
little money to afford his formal schooling. But he was curious and determined to learn.
While 3 (work) in London as a teenager, he had a chance to read 4 (vary)
books that he could get his hands on. In 1812, he attended four lectures at the Royal Institution
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given by a famous chemist named Humphrey Davy. A year later, Faraday 5 (accept) as
Davy's lab assistant. Davy also took Faraday on 6 18-month tour of Europe, where
Faraday met some of the most famous scientists of the day. But for Davy, Faraday 7
(lose) the opportunity to gain a complete scientific education.
He soon began to do 8 (experiment) with electricity. In 1831, he discovered
electromagnetic induction. And for the next eight years, Faraday worked long hours in the lab,
which did harm 9 his health. By the end of the decade, he was in 10 poor
health that his research did not begin again until 1845. In the mid-1850s, he was forced to retire
and he lived at Hampton Court until his death on August 25, 1867.
（1）____
【答案】inventor
【解析】考查名词。句意：法拉第是发电机和电动机的发明者。故填inventor。
【知识点】动词转换成名词
（2）____
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：法拉第的父亲有长期的健康问题，因此他家几乎没有钱供他上
学。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的内容，在从句中作as a result of 的宾语。故
填which。
【知识点】关系代词引导的定语从句、限制性定语从句
（3）____
【答案】working
【解析】考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：当他作为一名青少年在伦敦工作时，他有机会读到
各种各样的书，这些书他都能得到。在While 引导的时间状语从句中，当主句和从句的主语一
致时，从句可以省略主语和be 动词，本句省略了he was。故填working。
【知识点】时间状语从句、省略句
（4）____
【答案】various
【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他作为一名青少年在伦敦工作时，他有机会读到各种各样的
书，这些书他都能得到。此处缺少形容词修饰名词books。故填various 或varied。
【知识点】动词转换成形容词、形容词作前置定语
（5）____
【答案】was accepted
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：一年后，法拉第被录用为戴维的实验室助理。Faraday
与accept 之间是被动关系，且发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was
accepted。
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【知识点】一般过去时的被动语态
（6）____
【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。句意：戴维还带法拉第进行了一次为期18 个月的欧洲之旅，在那里他能见
到一些当时最著名的科学家。此处用不定冠词表示泛指，18-month 以元音音素开头。故填an。
【知识点】不定冠词
（7）____
【答案】would have lost
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是戴维，法拉第本来会失去接受完整的科学教育的机会。
would have done 表示对过去事情的假设，表示“本来会有而实际没有”。故填would have
lost。
【知识点】对过去的虚拟
（8）____
【答案】experiments
【解析】考查可数名词单复数。句意：很快，他就开始用电做试验。此处用名词复数形式表示
泛指。故填experiments。
【知识点】可数名词单复数
（9）____
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在接下来的八年里，法拉第长时间地在实验室工作，这对他的
健康有害。do harm to 表示“对…… 有害”。故填to。
【知识点】固定短语及搭配
（10）____
【答案】such
【解析】考查固定结构。句意：到这十年结束，他的身体状况非常糟糕，直到1845 年，他的研
究才重新开始。such… that 表示“如此……以至于”，用such 修饰名词health。故填such。
【知识点】固定短语及搭配
