文档文本内容
Lecture
2019【秋】高二腾飞班
词性词义
v. 限制；妨碍
Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.
The long skirt restricted her movements.
词汇讲解
1. restrict
/rɪ'strɪkt/
词汇拓展
(1)
n. 限制；约束
import/speed restrictions 进口/速度限制
There is a restriction against smoking in schools.
(2)
adj. 限制（性）的；约束（性）的
restrictive laws 限制性法规
restriction
restrictive
词汇讲解
2. condemn
/kәn'dem/
词性词义
(1) v. 谴责；指责
She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.
(2) v.
He was found guilty and condemned to death.
词汇拓展
n. 责难；谴责
There was widespread international condemnation of the bombing.
宣告（某人）有罪；判（某人）刑
condemnation
词汇讲解
3. abuse
/ә'bjus/
词性词义
(1) v.&n. 滥用
abuse one's power 滥用权力
drug abuse 滥用药物
(2) v.& n.
She is often abused by her stepmother.
child abuse 虐待儿童
虐待
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Practice
1. He was arrested on charges of corruption and _____ of power.
A. amuse
B. abuse
C. accuse
D. adoption
2. He is _____ to saying that we are the future masters of China.
A. accustomed
B. abused
C. accountable
D. acquainted
B
A
词汇讲解
4. acquire
/ә'kwaɪә/
词性词义
v. 获得，取得；购得
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
He has acquired a good reputation.
The company has just acquired new buildings.
词汇拓展
n. 获得；习得；得到的东西
second language acquisition第二语言习得
This motorcycle is my latest acquisition.
acquisition
词性词义
(1) v. 说明；解释
To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.
(2) v.
She went on to an art school and is now illustrating a book.
This is an illustrated textbook.
词汇讲解
5. illustrate /'ɪlәstreɪt/
给……作插图
词汇拓展
(1)
n. 说明；插图
This is a perfect illustration.
The book contains 62 pages of illustrations.
(2)
adj. 说明性的；解说性的
The charts in this article are for illustrative purposes only.
illustration
illustrative
Practice
1. His lecture was _________ (illustrate) with slides taken during the expedition.
2. CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, beautifully
_________ (illustrate) and full of unbelievable facts.
illustrated
illustrated
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词汇讲解
6. economic /iːkә'nɒmɪk/
词性词义
adj. 经济上的；经济（学）的[只用于名词前]
an economic crisis 经济危机
economic theory 经济学理论
词汇拓展
n. 经济；节约；经济实惠
We are in the age of information economy.
Do you want to fly first or economy class?
economy
词汇讲解
6. economic /iːkә'nɒmɪk/
词汇辨析
economical
A small car is more economical to run.
good‐quality clothes at economical prices
物美价廉的衣服
adj. 经济的，节约的
词性词义
(1) adj. 独占的，独家的
Tune in to our exclusive coverage of Wimbledon.
The hotel has exclusive access to the beach.
(2) adj.
a racially exclusive hiring policy 种族排外的聘用政策
词汇拓展
v. 排除；排斥
Women are still excluded from some London clubs.
Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.
词汇讲解
7. exclusive
/ɪk'skluːsɪv/
排外的
exclude
词性词义
(1) v. 倒；注；灌；倾倒
Please pour me another cup of tea.
(2) v.
Tears of happiness poured down Susan's cheeks.
Letters and postcards poured in every day.
(3) v.
It never rains but it pours.
词汇讲解
8. pour /pɔː/
涌出；涌现
（雨）倾盆而下
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Practice
1. I was in the kitchen, _________(pour) out drinks.
2. The _____ in Lucy's childhood caused her to be very thrifty as she grew up and also
made her very industrious.
A. wealth
B. poor
C. poverty
D. pour
pouring
C
Grammar
Part Two
Lead in
省略句
1.是啥？
2.为啥？
3.省啥？
4.咋省？
省略句
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语法讲解
1. 是啥？
省略句(elliptical sentences)，省略了某个部分的句子。
省略不必要的成分，仍能表达完整意义。
省略句
Sounds like a good idea.
Beg your pardon.
语法讲解
省略句
2. 为啥？
①避免重复，表达高效。
②简明扼要，简洁为美。
原则：符合语法规则、
不引起歧义。
语法讲解
3. 省啥？
When Bruce was young, his mother found him (to be) a naughty boy.
不定式的省略
At that time he was only ten (years old).
简单句中的省略
When he left home for America, her parents were happy but his girlfriend was not
(happy).
并列句的省略
He has passed away, but no one exactly knows why (he has passed away).
复合句中的省略
省略句
语法讲解
4. 咋省？
省略句
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语法讲解
They made the boy go to bed early.
= The boy was made ____ (go) to bed early.
(1) “两听三使五个看，感觉帮助和发现”，
后加省略to 的不定式作宾补，变成被动还
原to。
省略to
to go
语法讲解
填一填：
①I could do nothing but ________ (wait).
②She has no choice but ________ (accept) the fact.
③I cannot but ________ (admire)his courage.
(2) 有do 无to，无do带to原则；can't (help) but do等句型
不定式用作介词but, except, such as等的宾语时，前有动词do的某种形式，
不定式要省略to。
表示“只好，不得不”的固定搭配cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot
help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to。
省略to
wait
admire
to accept
语法讲解
判断一下正误：
What I'll do is tell her the truth.
= What I'll do is to tell her the truth.
3. 主有do，表可省to。
填一填：
①I'm really puzzled what to think or ____ (say).
②I came not to scold but _______ (praise) you.
4. 在并列结构中，通常只在第一个不定式前用to，其余省略。
但当两者有对比关系时，后面不定式前的to不可省略。
省略to
✔
say
to praise
语法讲解
5. 在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。
①Why talk so much about it?
②Why not try it again?
省略to
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语法讲解
①They may go if they wish to (go).
②— Are you a teacher?
— No, but I used to be (a teacher).
1. 如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，
句子后面的不定式常省略do，而保留to。
2. 承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，
则要保留have或be。
省略do
语法讲解
I consider him (to be) lazy.
有些动词，如：believe, find, think, consider, imagine, prove等后
作宾补的结构“to be + n./adj.”中的to be可以省略。
省略to do
语法讲解
1. 为了避免重复或使句子更简洁，常省略一些句子成分。
①— Are you a teacher?
— Yes, I am (a teacher).
②(Is there) Anything else to say?
2. 年龄和点钟经常被省略。
①She is eight (years old).
②It is six (o'clock).
3. 感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
①What a hot day (it is)!
②How wonderful (it is)!
简单句中的省略
语法讲解
1. 主语相同而谓语不同，可以省略主语。
He gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
2. 主语不同而谓语一部分相同，可以省略谓语相同的部分。
John is playing football and Mary (is) doing her homework.
3. 主语相同谓语也相同，二者都可省略。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) her angry.
并列句中的省略
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语法讲解
1. that引导的宾语从句时通常可省。
He told me (that) he would go abroad next year.
2. 宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相同的部分。
Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
3. 在表虚拟的名词性从句中，从句谓语的助动词should可以省略。
It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.
名词性从句中的省略
语法讲解
Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning?
1. 作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
①The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable.
②He is not the same person as (he was) before.
2. 在非正式文体中，that在the way that结构中可省；关系代词as后
面的主谓或助动词be也可省。
定语从句中的省略
语法讲解
1. 当前后主语一致时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines.
2. 在比较状语从句中，一些成分常可省略。
I know you can do better than he (can do).
3. if引导虚拟条件句中有were、had、should时，可省略if，并倒装。
Were I you (=If I were you), I wouldn't believe him.
状语从句中的省略
书上的语法图表，
你都填好了吗？
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