Lecture
2019【秋】高二腾飞班
New words and expressions
appeal
/ə'piːl/
v.
有吸引力，迎合爱好
occasionally
/əˈkeɪʒnəli/
adv.
偶尔，间或
superior
/suːˈpɪərɪə/
adj.
优越的
privilege
/ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
n.
特权
misery
/ˈmɪzərɪ/
n.
苦难
available
/ə'veɪləbəl/
adj.
可获得的，可找到的
considerable
/kən'sɪdərəbəl/
adj.
相当大的，重要的
descend
/dɪ'send/
v.
下落；降临
New words and expressions
illusion
/ɪ'luːʒən/
n.
幻想，错觉
pastoral
/'pa:stərəl/
adj.
田园的
breed
/briːd/
v.
培育
rapture
/'ræptʃə/
n.
欣喜
extol
/ɪk'stəʊl/
v.
赞美，颂扬
cockcrow
/'kɒkkrəʊ/
v.
鸡叫
twitter
/'twɪtə/
n.
（鸟）吱吱叫，
嘁嘁喳喳叫
glint
/glɪnt/
v.
闪烁
pasture
/'pa:stʃə/
n.
牧场
New words and expressions
idyllic
/ɪ'dɪlɪk/
adj.
田园诗的
virtually
/ˈvəːtʃʊəli/
adv.
几乎，差不多
dubious
/'djuːbɪəs/
adj.
可疑的，怀疑的
acquaintance
/ə'kweɪntəns/
n.
熟人
treat
/triːt/
n.
难得的乐事，享受
dweller
/'dwɛlə/
n.
居住者
stagger
/'stægə/
v.
摇晃，蹒跚
exotic
/ɪg'zɒtɪk/
adj.
导乎寻常的，外来的
glow
/gləʊ/
n.
白炽光
obstinately
/'abstənitli/
adv.
固执地，顽固地
学而思网校
词性词义
(1) v.&n. 有吸引力；吸引力；魅力
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and
women.
enjoy wide/popular appeal 广受欢迎
(2) v.&n.
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
The prisoner made an appeal to the judge for mercy.
(3) v.&n.
She's not happy with the decision and plans to appeal.
词汇讲解
1. appeal
/ə'piːl/
呼吁；恳请
上诉；申诉
词汇拓展
adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
Harry Potter stories are so appealing to children.
The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing look.
词汇讲解
1. appeal
/ə'piːl/
appealing
词汇讲解
2. occasionally
/əˈkeɪʒnəli/
词性词义
adv. 偶尔，间或
We occasionally meet for a drink after work.
词汇拓展
(1)
adj.（只用于名词前）偶然的；偶尔的
He is only an occasional workman.
(2)
n. 场合；时刻；重大活动
on this/that occasion 在这种/那种场合
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
Their wedding is quite an occasion.
occasional
occasion
词汇讲解
3. superior /suːˈpɪərɪə/
词性词义
(1) adj. 优越的；有优越感的；傲慢的
He loves making fun of women. It makes him feel superior.
She has that superior tone of voice.
(2) adj.
Your computer skills are far superior to mine.
(3) adj.
He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.
更好的；更强的
（职位、地位等）较高的
学而思网校
词汇讲解
4. privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
词性词义
(1) n. 特权
He has no special privileges and is treated just like others.
(2) n.
It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Jack Ma.
词汇拓展
adj. 有特权的；荣幸的
Only the privileged few can afford private education.
I was privileged to lead the team.
荣幸
privileged
词性词义
n. 苦难；穷困；痛苦
Fame brought her nothing but misery.
Many people live in great misery.
the miseries of unemployment 失业的痛苦
词汇讲解
5. misery /ˈmɪzərɪ/
词汇拓展
adj. 悲惨的；痛苦的；使人难受的
Jan looks really miserable.
The play was a miserable failure.
词汇讲解
5. misery /ˈmɪzərɪ/
miserable
词汇讲解
6. available /ə'veɪləbəl/
词性词义
(1) adj. 可获得的，可找到的
Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center.
In the 1940s, electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the
United States.
(2) adj.
I am not available tonight.
（人）有空的=free
学而思网校
词性词义
adj. 相当大的，重要的
a considerable expense/difference 相当大的费用/差异
a considerable person/problem 重要的人/问题
词汇讲解
7. considerable
/kən'sɪdərəbəl/
词汇拓展
(1)
v.（仔细）考虑
Consider carefully about it before you decide.
We're considering buying a new car.
(2)
n. 考虑；关心
Please give careful consideration to this question.
Thank you for your consideration.
(3)
prep.& conj. 考虑到；鉴于
She's very active, considering her age.
Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
词汇讲解
7. considerable
/kən'sɪdərəbəl/
consider
consideration
considering
词汇辨析
considerate adj.
He is considerate towards old people.
It was very considerate of him to wait.
词汇讲解
7. considerable
/kən'sɪdərəbəl/
体贴的；体谅他人的；考虑周到的
词性词义
(1) v. 下来；下降
The plane began to descend.
She descended the stairs slowly.
(2) v.
Night descends quickly in the tropics.
Calm descended on the crowd.
词汇讲解
8. descend /dɪ'send/
降临；来临
学而思网校
词汇拓展
(1)
是某人的后裔
He descended from a Spanish prince.
(2)
降低身份去做；竟做出；堕落到…地步
They descended to the level of fights.
(3)
n. 后裔；后代；子孙
Many of them are descendants of the original settlers.
词汇讲解
8. descend /dɪ'send/
descend from
descend to
descendant
词汇辨析
ascend v.
to ascend the throne 登基
Mist ascended from the valley.
词汇讲解
8. descend /dɪ'send/
上升；升高
Grammar
非谓语动词作定、状、补语
语法讲解
非谓语动词的各种形式都可以做定语，规则如下：
1. 位置
单个分词作定语应放在被修饰词前，充当前置定语；
分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词后，充当后置定语；
不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词的后面。
①The injured man is a bus driver.
②The man injured in the accident is a bus driver.
③It’s time to go to bed.
2. 及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；
不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。
①The concert given by their friends was a success.
②The risen sun is so bright.
非谓语动词作定语
学而思网校
语法讲解
3. 现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句，与被修饰词为主动关系；
动名词作定语，通常表示被修饰词的用途。
①a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping
②a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
4. 不定式作定语,一般与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或
同位关系；多表示将来的动作。
①Tom is the first man to come.
②I have a letter to write.
③He had to give up his plan to build a new house.
非谓语动词作定语
语法讲解
非谓语动词中的现在分词、过去分词和不定式可以作状语。
1. 现在分词作状语，表示主动和进行，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常表示时
间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等。
①Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.
②Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
③His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
2. 过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成，或只表被动，逻辑主语是句子的主
语，常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随状况等。
①Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
②Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities
in the United States.
非谓语动词作状语
语法讲解
3. 不定式作状语时往往表目的，或者在only to结构中表示出乎意料的结果。
①To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
②He came back, only to find his bag had been stolen.
4. 不定式和分词还可以作评注性状语，这种用法基本已成为一种固定搭配，
不必考虑逻辑主语和主动被动等情况。
①to tell the truth, needless to say, to be honest/frank, to be more
exact, to make things worse/better, not to mention等。
②generally speaking, considering, providing/provided that, judging
from/by, including, owing to..., given等。
非谓语动词作状语
语法讲解
非谓语动词中作补语的有三种：不定式、现在分词和过去分词，规则如下：
1. 不定式作宾补一般表示动作的全过程，表明动作已经结束或即将发生。
(1) 大多数动词如advise, allow, ask, expect, encourage, force, get, order,
permit, persuade, tell, warn等后面常用带to的不定式作宾补；
The police warned us not to go out at night.
(2) 而感官动词和使役动词等后面要用不带to的不定式作宾补：
五看（look at, see, watch, observe, notice）三让（let, make, have）
二听（hear, listen to）一感（feel）半帮助（help）
The teacher made me rewrite the composition.
非谓语动词作补语
学而思网校
语法讲解
2. 有些动词，如：allow，permit，advise，forbid等，后面有sb.时，要接不
定式宾补；而无sb.时，要接doing作宾语。
①My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.
②They allowed smoking in this room only.
3. 有的动词，如：hope, demand, agree, suggest, insist等，可以接to do或
doing作宾语或者接宾语从句，但是不能跟不定式作宾补。
I hope to come earlier tomorrow. (√)
I hope you can come earlier tomorrow. (√)
I hope you to come earlier tomorrow. (×)
非谓语动词作补语
语法讲解
Summary
非谓语动词
作定语
非谓语动词
作定语
位置
过去分词
现在分词
不定式
非谓语动词
作状语
非谓语动词
作状语
现在分词
过去分词
不定式
固定搭配
学而思网校
