Unit4Adversity and Courage
词汇
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格
→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木
板；董事会；伙食
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚
定
8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财
产→fortunate adj.幸运的
10．belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属(于)；应在(某处)→belonging n.归属
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣
传→advertiser n.广告商
12．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 →dampen vt.弄湿；使潮湿；抑制→dampness n.潮湿→damply adv.潮湿地
13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证
→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
14．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→bitterly adv.痛苦地；愤恨地；极其
15．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n.忠诚
16．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗略地
17.selfish adj.自私的→ selfishness n.自私 →selfless adj.无私的→ selflessness n.无私
18．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→ thoroughly adv.彻底地
19．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation n．(大)公司；法人
20．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n.痛苦；苦难→miserably adv.悲惨地;可怜地;不愉快地21．
guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路
短语
1.be faced with adversity面对逆境
in adversity在逆境中
2.turn down调低；拒绝
turn up调高；出现
turn out 结果是turn to求助于；翻到；转向
3.be qualified for...胜任；有......的资格
be qualified to do sth.
胜任做某事；有资格做某事
4.go aboard=go on board上船/飞机/火车
go abroad去/到国外
at home and abroad 在国内外
5.set off出发，动身；使爆炸；引发
set off for sp.出发去某地
6.assign sb. sth = assign sth to sb.
分配某物给某人
assign sb. to...指派某人到......
assign sb to do 指派某人做某事
7.out of envy处于忌妒
be the envy of sb某人羡慕/妒忌的对象
be envious of ...嫉妒.......,羡慕......
8.abandon （doing）sth.放弃（做）某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth
=be abandoned to (doing) sth陷入，沉湎于
9.resolve to do sth
=resolve on (doing) sth决定做某事
make a resolution做出决定
10.a piece of furniture一件家具
be furnished with配备有；安装有
11.apply...to...把......涂到/运用到......
apply (to...) for...(向......)申请.......
apply oneself to (doing)专心于/致力于......
12.under one’s guidance
= under the guidance of...在......的指导/指引下
13.advertise for登广告征聘（寻找）......
14.give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）
give away泄露(秘密）；赠送give in (to sb) 屈服
give out 用完，耗尽；分发
give way to 向...让步
15.make a commitment to...对.....做出承诺
commit oneself to (doing) sth
=be committed to (doing) sth
致力于，献身于（做）某事
16.make (a) fire生火
17.be enthusiastic about 对...热情，热衷于..
18.go from bad to worse每况愈下
go from good to better愈来愈好
19.be cruel/ loyal to对......残忍/忠诚
20.of one’s day 在某人那个年代
21.full of vigour 充满活力
22.cheer sb up=keep one’s spirits up
使某人振奋
be in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落
feel low 情绪不高
23.get/become stuck in 陷入，被卡住
24.well and truly 完全地
25.get crushed被挤毁
26.decent food美味的食物
27.a cold rush of air 一阵冷风
28.hold on坚持住
29.make it获得成功
30.fall into a...pattern 陷入...模式
31.pretty well 几乎，差不多
32.pay back偿还；报答
pay off付清；取得成功；得到好结果
33.can’t hide one’s tears难掩泪水
34.It happened that...=sb happened to do
句式1.Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
表示地点的副词放在句首，句子用了完全倒装语序。
2.It so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
It happened that ... 碰巧...
3.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
There is/ was nothing like.... 是用来表达赞美的常见句型，意为“没有什么比...更...”。如：
There is nothing like a holiday to make one feel relaxed.
没有什么比得上假期更让人放松了。
4.As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. (P44)
It was one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责
其中it 是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语
5.When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
such ... that 如此...以至于...,引导结果状语从句。
教材话题题型综合训练
词性转换（一）
1．endure vt.忍耐； 容忍→ n.忍耐力；耐久力
2．qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历
等)→ n.资格；资历；资格证书
3．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→ adv.热心地→ n.热心；热情
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→ n.分配；任务
5．abandon vt.舍弃； 抛弃；放弃；沉迷于→ adj.被抛弃的；放纵的
6．belong v.属于→ n.(pl.) 财物；动产
7．selfish adj.自私的→ adv.自私地→ n.自私自利
8．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
9．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→ adv.残酷地；残忍地；冷酷地→
n.残忍；残酷；冷酷
10．fortune n.财富；命运；运气→ adv.幸运地→ adj.不幸的→
adv.不幸地；遗憾地
词性转换（二）
11．crime n.罪；罪行→ adj.犯罪的；犯法的 n.罪犯
12．greed n.贪婪；渴望→ adj.贪婪的；贪心的→ adv.贪婪地
13．commit v.犯(错误或罪行)→ n.许诺；承诺；投入；奉献→ n.委托；佣金；服务费→committee n.委员会
14．appreciate v.欣赏；赏识→ n.欣赏；感激→ adj.感激的；赏识的；有欣赏力的
15．optimism n.乐观；乐观主义→ adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→ adv.乐观地
16．consume v.消费；消耗→ n.消费者→ n.(精力、油、电等的)消耗量
17．react v.(作出)反应→ n.反应→ adj.有反应的
18．expose v.使暴露(于险境)→ adj.暴露的；无遮蔽的；无保护的→ n.暴露；显露
19．dust n.尘土；沙尘→ adj.布满灰尘的
20．urban adj.城镇的；城市的→ adj.郊区的；城郊的→suburb n.郊区
21．terrify vt.使害怕；使恐慌→ adj.非常恐慌的；极度恐慌的→terrifying adj.极其可怕的；骇人听
闻的
22．restrict .vt.限制 .n 限制
词性转换（三）
23．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→ adj.不幸的→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地→
n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款
24．recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)→ adj.娱乐的；消
遣的
25．guidance n.指导；引导；导航 → n.指南；手册；导游；向导 v.指路；指导→ adj.有
导游的；有向导的
26．advertising n.广告活动；广告业 → vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告 → (缩写 ad.) n.
广告；启事
27．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→ n.(缩写 Corp.) 公司；法人；法人团体
28．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 → adv. 粗略地；大致地
29．navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→ v.领航；航行；导航
30．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的 (SYN devoted; faithful)→ adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的→ n.
忠诚；忠实
31．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 → vt.承诺；保证(某个人；机构等) ；vi.忠于；全心全意投
入→ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
32．motive n.动机；原因；目的→ vt.成为......的动机；激发；激励
→ adj.积极的；主动的 → n.动力；积极性；动机
33．Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)→ adj.儒家的；儒学的；孔子学说的→ n.孔子
词性转换（四）34．persevere v. 坚持→ n. 毅力
35．resolve v. 决定；决心→ n. 决心；解决
36．envy v. 嫉妒→ adj. 嫉妒的→ adv. 嫉妒地
37．enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → n. 热情
38．fortunate adj. 幸运的 → adj. 不幸的→ adv. 幸运地
39．qualify v. 取得资格→ adj. 有资格的→ n. 资格
40．loyal adj. 忠诚的→ n. 忠诚
41．cruel adj. 残忍的 → n. 残忍→ adv. 残酷地
42．apply v. 申请→ n. 申请；申请表；应用→ n. 申请者
43．commit v. 投入；承诺→ n. 投入→ adj. 坚定的
完成句子
44． (在他的指导下), the crew kept good discipline, keeping busy.
45．He was tall (宽宽的肩膀) and a beard and always (面带微笑).
46．They （已在这一地区搜寻）for three days and two nights, but haven’t found anybody.
47．I (一直想) to go to California ever since I was a kid.
48． (由于这份工作薪水比较低), there were few applicants for it.
49．I (一直想买) a cool hat in that store for a long time.
50．You (已经工作) here for over five years.
51．So far, we have t (拒绝) four applicants already.
52．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago (一直在帮助) young people
since 1996.
53．The Chinese women’s volleyball team (被分配到) the “group of death”.
54．In recent years, military forces (指定, 指派) help with peacekeeping.
55．We should (达到我们的承诺), otherwise, empty ones would only result in bad names.
56．Since the 1960s, we (发送) unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
57．I am afraid your request for a pay rise was (拒绝) again.
58．So long as what you do is right, I’ll go (一起) you.
翻译
59．我们衷心希望热心观鸟爱好者为这项运动作出贡献。
60．根据目前的评论，很多观众反对宣传该电影。 (object)61．陈华是我的英雄，因为他从不放弃他的梦想，尽管他有身体残疾。
62．他努力学习功课，因为他有一个伟大的梦想。
63．我的父母一整周一直在吵架。甚至关着门我从房间里也能听到他们的声音。
阅读理解
The view from the top was breathtaking. It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland,
almost seven years after becoming paralyzed from the chest down after a climbing fall. My two teammates and I
were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap, the mighty Vatnajökull
glacier, unsupported and unassisted.
A year before, when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100–mile trip, I was excited by the prospect of
returning to this lost world of crevasses (冰裂缝), mountains and ice, but upset and anxious about whether I’d
struggle. Back then, I still would have given anything for my legs to work and to be able to walk again. But I was
eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann, who had broken his back when paragliding, and
EdJackson, a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017.
This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life. And yet, with each drive of my poles into the snow, I
pushed myself further from civilization — and closer to the man I’d once been.
My mind drifted to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident, climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian
Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation. Those same emotions returned as we battled
through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point.
I was at the top when I was hit by an unexpected wave of emotion. I realized that, despite all that I had been
through — all the challenges and setbacks I had faced — if someone asked me if I wanted my legs back, I would
have said no. That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability. No longer did I
consider myself disabled or injured, because, if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap, I could overcome the
frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence. Yes, I do still have a life-changing
injury — but, for me, it’s been for the better.
64．What can you know about the team?
A．It got assistance from an organization. B．Its members all had a form of disability.
C．It followed the steps of a similar previous team. D．It consisted of people paralyzed down the chest.
65．What might have really caused the writer to hesitate about the trip?A．His paralyzed legs. B．Fear of potential danger.
C．The lost world of ice. D．Lack of proper equipment.
66．What’s does the underlined word “trepidation” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Fear. B．Bravery.
C．Happiness. D．Disappointment.
67．What did the writer think of his injury after he made it to the top?
A．It left him nothing but all setbacks. B．It caused his unexpected bad emotion.
C．He wouldn’t know his potential otherwise. D．He was tortured by the frustrations it caused.
七选五
How to Overcome Challenges When Learning from Failure
Failure is a bitter pill to swallow, isn’t it? But, it’s often in the most difficult moments, in the ashes of defeat,
that we find our greatest opportunities for growth. 68 This guide will look into the common challenges
associated with learning from failure and how to overcome them.
● Dealing with emotional stress and burnout
Failure often comes with a heavy emotional burden. 69 The first step in overcoming this challenge is
acknowledging these emotions. It’s okay to feel disappointed — but don’t let your failure define you. Instead, view
it as a temporary setback, not an endpoint.
● Maintaining focus and vision
After a failure, it’s easy to lose sight of your original vision. But maintaining your focus on your long-term
goals is critical. Take a step back, reflect on your vision, and rearrange your strategies accordingly. Yes, you might
need to adjust your plans or timelines, but don’t let failure ruin your overall vision. 70
● Continuous learning and skill development
The greatest lesson from failure is the opportunity to learn. Develop a growth mindset and invest in
continuous learning — attend workshops, read books, or take online courses. 71 Analyze your mistakes,
draw lessons, and use those insights to refine your strategies. With each failure, you’re beginning with more
experience.
● Accepting failure as a pathway to success
72 It’s merely a detour on the road to success. It offers an incomparable opportunity for growth and
innovation. By addressing these challenges with the right mindset, you can transform your setbacks into comebacks
and transform failure into your stepping-stone towards success.
A．Don’t forget that failure itself is a teacher.B．Learning from failure can be complicated.
C．To strike this balance, make data-driven decisions.
D．Failure is not the opposite of success — it’s a part of it.
E．You can adapt to changes and avoid the same mistakes.
F．You kicked off this journey for a reason — hold onto that.
G．Feelings of inadequacy, stress, and fear can quickly lead to burnout.
完形填空
A 23-year-old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of- visiting every country on
Earth.
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents, which gave her the opportunity to 73 places
such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt during her childhood, according to Forbes magazine. She began saving up at
age 12 to 74 her goal of visiting all countries. By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations. In
October, 2016 she realized she could see the 75 nations on her list in time to set an official record. Many
people 76 her travel on social media platform Instagram, so she decided to chase the world record partly
to 77 others. “Honestly, in the beginning, I 78 wanted to push the limits of what I thought I
could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the 79 ,” she told Forbes. “It wasn’t
until things started getting really 80 that I realized I was inspiring people around me, especially the
81 .”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan, for the natural beauty of the mountains and 82 of the
locals were astonishing,” Ms Alford said. “The most pleasant 83 about travelling to all these
misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the least expectation for 84 being
the most incredible.”
“My 85 for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do. You
have to make 86 to travel the world but if it’s something that’s genuinely 87 to you, it’s
only a matter of time until you can make it a reality. ”
73．A．report B．settle C．tour D．love
74．A．fund B．conceive C．switch D．set
75．A．powerful B．remote C．developed D．remaining
76．A．ranked B．overlooked C．followed D．criticized
77．A．inspire B．please C．understand D．accompany
78．A．occasionally B．simply C．completely D．temporarily79．A．platform B．agency C．process D．country
80．A．dull B．official C．natural D．challenging
81．A．adults B．youth C．bosses D．agents
82．A．kindness B．situation C．ignorance D．status
83．A．memory B．surprise C．lesson D．effect
84．A．started with B．met with C．ended up D．turned back
85．A．advice B．compromise C．belief D．comment
86．A．plans B．decision C．devotion D．sacrifices
87．A．incredible B．impossible C．important D．impressive
单句语法填空
88．The company’s (commit) made the villagers more relieved.
89．The achievement of one’s purpose in his life depends largely upon one’s (persevere).
90． (enthusiasm) about going to Spain, she took up Spanish.
91．His mentor provided him with valuable (guide) on his career path.
92．I made a (resolve) to start exercising regularly.
93．Chang has spent her entire life carrying on her father’s (commit) to Dunhuang.
94．Since Jeff decided to buy a new car, he (lead) a busy life, all work and no play. So do you still want
to invite him to hang about with you now?
95．As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, (persevere), and
simple good fortune, who are able to change the world”.
96．Under the of the qualified , we traveled around the places of interest very happily.(guide)
97．He with his violin lessons. It was his that enabled him to become a distinguished
violinist. (persevere)
98． (fortunate), they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these (assign) ahead of time.
99．He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working.
100．Susan’s idea of freedom was to have (various) in her life style.
101．She turned me politely, explaining the scarf was not sold alone.
102．The chest contained the personal (belong) of a seaman.
语篇填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy 103 (imagine)
the danger ahead. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.104 (stay) alive was not easy. The island had no water. We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink
the water from 105 . There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel 106 we could
use was animal fat. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us
ill. Many of us also 107 (become) ill from the smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.
We lived like this in the cold 108 four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 109
(optimism) and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. When we were rescued, we felt such
110 (relieve) and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped
us persevere in staying alive. 111 (final), he paid us back by his commitment to save us from 112
slow but painful death.
应用文写作
你校英语报将出一期主题为“勇于面对挑战”的专刊，请你以“Growing through Challenges”为题目写一篇
投稿。
要点：1. 结合个人的学习或生活，描述成长经历；
2. 表达自己对待挑战的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
Growing through Challenges
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
