文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队
3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力
4．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
6．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群
7．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具
8．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器)
9．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行
10．navy n．海军；海军部队
11．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
12．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
13．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
14．rugby n．橄榄球运动
15．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
16．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
17．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
18．motive n．动机；原因；目的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．wage n．工资
2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．vigour(NAmE vigor) n．精力；力量；活力
4．sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
5．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃
6．blanket n．毯子7．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
8．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
9．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
10．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
11．furniture n．家具
12．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声；厉声质问
13．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打
14．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
15．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
16．nephew n．侄子；外甥
17．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
18．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的
19．candidate n．候选人；应试者
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v．(使)具有资格；
(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热
忱
3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车
等)；寄宿 n．木板；董事会；伙食
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的
6．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处)
7．selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n．自私
8．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
9．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决
议；解决；坚定；决心
10．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残
酷
11．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately (反) adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财
产→fortunate adj.幸运的
12．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南 vt.带领；引导；为……领路
13．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
→advertisement n．广告；宣传
14．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实15．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；
(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
1．reel /riːl/ vi.蹒跚；踉跄
2．fasten /'fɑːsn/ vt.& vi.系牢；扣紧；关住
3．invulnerable /In'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.无懈可击的；打不败的→vulnerable /'vʌlnərəbl/ adj.易受伤
的；脆弱的
be vulnerable to sth易受……伤害的
4．glimpse /ɡlImps/ vt.瞥见；看一眼 n．一瞥；短暂的感受
5．confine /kən'faIn/ vt.限制；监禁；使离不开
confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于
6．resemble /rI'zembl/ vt.像；与……相似
7．sparkle /'spɑːkl/ vi.闪耀；闪闪发光
8．fuss /fʌs/ n．无谓的激动；大惊小怪；小题大做
make a fuss (about sth)(因某事)大惊小怪
9．forbid /fə'bId/ vt.(forbade /fə'bæd；fə'beId/，forbidden /fə'bIdn/) 禁止；不许
forbid sb from (doing sth) 禁止某人(做某事)
10．halt /hɔːlt/ vi.停止 vt.阻止 n．停止；暂停
come to a halt停止；停滞
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．turn sb down拒绝(某人)
2．make fire生火
3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
4．dream of/about梦想
5．at the age of在……岁时
6．be enthusiastic about对……充满热情
7．become/be stuck in陷于
8．throw away扔掉
9．manage to do sth 设法做成某事
10．go from bad to worse每况愈下
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.(全部倒装)以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记
摘录。
2．Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue
our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，andblankets.(before引导的时间状语从句)
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——
小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
3．How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么
能变得像托马斯•奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
4．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.(as long as “只要”)
只要你坚持，最终就会成功。
5．If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.(if引导的虚拟条件句)
要是没有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。
Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy
life 1.____________ he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of
2.____________ adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack resolved 3.____________(join) an
expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought
Jack was not qualified.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so
enthusiastic about a great voyage.4.____________(fortunate)，at 19，he joined the navy but
was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went aboard
a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good-tempered and loyal and he
wasn’t selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation,5.____________ people on the
ship all liked him.Unfortunately ， one day ， the motor broke down and the ship got
6.____________(crush) on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also sank.At that
time，the calm captain made a 7.________________(commit) to save them and commanded them
to throw away their 8.____________(belong) such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and
other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were fortunate enough to escape the ship.9.____________
was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant
island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he
cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been
a miserable but 10.________________(forgettable) episode in Jack’s life.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)(qualify v．使有资格
qualification n．资格；学历)
•be qualified for/to do sth有……的资格/有资格做某事
•qualify sb for sth/to do sth 使某人有资格做某事
•have the qualification for/to do sth有……的资格/有资格做某事
(1)Now that you have gained your teaching ____________，I am sure you will be ____________
for the job they advertised on the newspaper.(qualify)
(2)我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
I have taken part in several similar activities，__________________________________________.
(3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
Having a good command of English，________________________________________________.
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n．
热情；热忱)
•be enthusiastic about(doing)sth 对(做)某事有热情
•lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地
(1)They listened with great interest and then ______________(enthusiastic) joined in grand
conversations about Harry’s adventures.
(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之
个人优势)
____________________________________________ ， which makes me qualified for the
voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
(3)得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文
写作之邀请信)
____________________________________________________________，I am writing to invite
you to a lecture on Confucianism.
aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)[board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共
汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食 broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到
海外]
•go aboard上船(飞机、公共汽车等)
•on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上
•go abroad出国
(1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(读后续写之外貌描写)
He is tall ________________________ and a beard and always ________________________.
(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文写作之告知信)
________________________________________________，I’m writing to inform you of some
necessary dos and don’ts.(3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。
They had said goodbye to each other before ____________________________________，but the
mother kept waving hands to ________________________ until the train went out of sight.
envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌(envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的)
•with envy羡慕地；忌妒地
green with envy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒
•envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事
•be envious of羡慕；妒忌
(1)He said ____________ envy，“I am ____________(envy) of you，because you are leading
such a cosy and decent life.”
(2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
Honestly speaking ， I ____________________________________________________ the
Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
(3)我的侄子是一个充满活力和毅力的年轻人，对此我非常羡慕。
My nephew is a young man full of vigour and perseverance，__________________________.
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；遗弃 n．放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵
的)
•abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
•with abandon 放纵地；放任地
•be abandoned to (doing) sth 沉湎于(做)某事
(1)Unfortunately，the crew abandoned ____________(carry) out the experiment for lack of fund.
(2)你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。
____________________________________________，and you should keep in mind that not to
advance is to go back.
(3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写之情感描写)
____________________________________，forgetting the troubles in our lives.
resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念(resolution n．决
议；解决；坚定)
•resolve to do sth 决定做某事
•make a resolution (to do sth)下定决心(做某事)
(1)Generally，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a ____________(resolve) after
an argument.(2)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作
之文化遗产与保护)
Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so _________________________.
(3)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。(话题写作之人际沟通)
____________________________，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in
others’ place.
(4)老人决定，死后要把所有的财产都赠送给那些被遗弃的孩子们。
The old man ____________________________________ he would give away all his belongings
to the abandoned children after his death.
as...as... How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees！我
怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德利斯一样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
as...as...意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。其中第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词
或介词。其基本用法为：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，还有如下用法：
•否定式：not as/so＋adj./adv.＋as...
•倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
•as much/many＋名词＋as...
(1)他和我一样勤奋，因此，他已取得了和我一样大的进步。
He is ________________________，so he ____________________________________.
(2)在我看来，这本书没有你认为的那么有趣。
As far as I am concerned，the book is ____________________________________.
(3)我们投入的时间和精力是其他同学的两倍，所以我深信老师们会高度评价我们的项目。
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
We devoted ________________________________________________ ， so I was greatly
convinced that our project would be highly thought of by our teachers.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．rough
A.汹涌的；风浪很大的 B.崎岖的 C.粗略的 D.艰难的 E.粗鲁的
(1)I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea.________
(2)The western half of the U．S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough
number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.(2023·全国甲)________
(3)I don’t know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.________
(4)The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.________(5)He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himself.________
2．bitter
A.痛苦的 B.激烈的 C.寒冷的；刺骨的 D.味苦的 E.愤愤不平的
(1)She is very bitter about losing her job.________
(2)I’ve learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.________
(3)Outside，a bitter east wind is accompanied by flurries of snow.________
(4)Traditional Chinese medicine usually tastes bitter and is hard to swallow._________
(5)With no one to resolve their dispute，the two sides are locked into a bitter conflict. ________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)To my sadness，my son was abandoned to playing online games.____________
(2)She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes.____________
(3)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.____________
(4)Boiling with extreme anger，he barked a series of questions at his crew.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．My heart ____________(sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in
failure.
2．When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me ____________
immediately.
3.Dozens of workers are ____________(qualify) for their jobs in the international firm.
4．Our monitor is enthusiastic ____________ creating a harmonious campus and he often
launches some campaigns to promote it.
5．These policies ________________________(abandon) because of financial problems next
year.
6．We have resolved ____________(reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of
carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
7．________________(fortunate)，I succeeded in seizing this precious chance to be a volunteer
in the activity.
8．I promise that I will be loyal ____________ the enterprise and I will never quit my job.
9 ． Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they won’t give
____________ waste gases.
10．The enterprises have ____________(thorough) implemented what they have promised to the
public.
假如你是李华，向某英文报纸《伟人介绍》栏目投稿。简要介绍英国极地探险家——欧内斯特·沙克尔顿Ernest Shackleton1874－1922。其主要成就如下：英国极地探险家，曾带
领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。在他第三次带领探险
队奔赴南极探险时，他与“坚忍号”的船员们在极地700多天的求生经历，创造了20世纪
一次伟大的生还奇迹。
完成句子
1．欧内斯特·沙克尔顿是一位伟大的极地探险家，他对极地探险充满热情，一生带领英国探
险队三次前往南极洲。(be enthusiastic about；定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．以下是他的一些探险经历和成就。(全部倒装句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．他的第三次南极探险是一个非凡的奇迹。(as...as...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4．面对严峻的极地条件，他没有放弃他的团队，坚定地带领他们走出困境。(abandon；
resolve)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．如果没有他的英明领导，他和他的团队就不会在极地待了700多天后还能活下来。(if引
导虚拟条件句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[情感描写] bitter adj.→bitterly adv.；enthusiastic adj.→enthusiastically adv.；
envy n．/v.→envious adj.；miserable；decent；cosy；selfish；good/bad-
tempered；genuine；resolve v．→resolution n．；cruel adj.→cruelty n．；loyal
亮词
adj.→loyalty n．；commitment n．→committed adj.
[动作描写] turn sb down；assign；sink；abandon；voyage；persevere；bark；
bat；make fire；give off
1.At the age of 19，I am fit and full of vigour.(人物描写)
2.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.(情感描写)
3.Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with
hope.(排比)
4.We felt so alone and desperate.(情感描写)
美句
5.If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.(虚拟语气)
6.When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not
hide our tears.(情感描写)
7.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.(主旨
升华)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“动胳膊”
单词 hug v．/n.拥抱；wave v．挥舞(手臂)；raise v．举起，抬起
wave one’s arms 挥动双臂；fold one’s arms 某人双臂交叉；hold out/open
one’s arms 某人伸出/张开双臂；pull/gather sb into one’s arms 把某人拉/抱在怀
词块 中；put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人；take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊；
catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人的胳膊；with crossed arms双臂交叉；arm in
arm手挽手，臂挽臂
1.He stood there with crossed arms，looking angry.他双臂交叉站在那里，看起
来很生气。
2.They are sure to welcome you with open arms.他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你
的。
句型
3.Walking in front of us were two cute twin sisters，arm in arm.走在我们面前的
是两个可爱的双胞胎姐妹，手挽着手。
4.Stunned，I stood up and gave her an awkward hug/hugged her in an
awkward way.我很惊讶，站起来尴尬地拥抱了她。5.He parked down the street from Bobby’s house，and rushed to his front door，
waving wildly inwards.他把车停在鲍比家的街上，冲到前门，疯狂地向里挥
手。
语料运用 野外探险遭遇
Tom and Mary were a young couple ①____________________________________(定语从
句)．One day when going through a thick jungle，the wife，Mary got seriously injured in the
ankle.Worse still，it began to rain.At first，②________________________，trying to support
her along the way ， but soon they found it didn’t work.The pain was so intense
③____________________________________.When the rain became heavier and the sun was
setting，④____________________________________.⑤________________________(形容词
短 语 作 状 语 ) ， Mary almost broke down.Tom tried to comfort her ，
⑥_______________________(分词短语作状语)．Tightly grabbing Tom’s arm，Mary
gradually calmed down and ⑦__________________________________________.Fortunately，
they managed to call the rangers before losing signal.What they should do next was to
⑧_________________.Afterwards ， they had nothing to do but wait
patiently.⑨____________________________________，Tom heard some roars of helicopter.He
immediately rose to his feet and ⑩____________________________________，shouting loudly
“Help！Help！” in extreme excitement.
汤姆和玛丽是一对热衷于野外探险的年轻夫妇。一天，在穿过茂密的丛林时，妻子玛丽
的脚踝受了重伤。更糟糕的是，天开始下雨了。起初，汤姆挽着玛丽的胳膊，试图一路扶着
她走，但很快他们发现这不管用。玛丽的脚太疼了他们不得不放弃他们的计划。当雨下得更
大，太阳落山时，他们的心也开始下沉。玛丽又痛苦又害怕，几乎崩溃了。汤姆温柔地搂着
妻子试图安慰她。玛丽紧紧抓住汤姆的胳膊，渐渐平静下来，决心勇敢地面对困难。幸运的
是，他们设法在失去信号之前给护林员打了电话。他们接下来应该做的是生火，以免在这样
一个寒冷的夜晚被冻死。之后，他们只能耐心等待。汤姆把妻子抱在怀里，听到了直升机的
轰鸣声。他立即站起来，猛烈地挥舞着手臂，极度激动地大声喊道：“救命！救命！”
