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考点 12 过去分词(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
过去分词
题型
2023 试卷类型 过去分词 考点
语法填空
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 过去分词作后置定语
2023·1月新高考浙江卷 surrounded 过去分词作定语
2023·全国乙卷 built 过去分词作定语
2023·全国甲卷 intended 去分词短语作定语
2022 2022·全国甲卷 held 过去分词作后置定语
2022·全国高考乙卷 shared 过去分词作定语
2021 2021新课标I astonished 过去分词作宾补
2021新课标II卷 excited 过去分词作表语
2021浙江卷1月 studied 过去分词作定语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去分词的考查共计9次,主要考查:
1.过去分词作状语;
2.过去分词作定语;
3. 过去分词作宾补;
4. 过去分词的各种形式及其意义。
【备考策略】系统归类过去分词的用法,尤其是过去分词作定语和状语;熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和
用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对过去分词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中考查过去分词作定语和状语。
过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词
在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表
示的动作的承受者。
重难点知识:
考点1 过去分词作状语
1. When (ask)for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.【答案】 asked
【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处ask与逻辑主语Philip是动宾关系,故用asked。
2. _____________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
【答案】 used
【解析】考查过去分词做状语。此处use和句子的主语one tin之间为动宾关系,故填过去分词used作条件状语。
句意:如果细心地用,一罐可以用6周。
【方法指导】
1.作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
3.过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
4.带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and
never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
5.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发
出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词
结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致
的并列句的简化。
1【时间状语】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查过去分词。此处是状语从句的省略,因从句的主语和前面的主语Film一致,故省略。这里compare
和tfilm是被动关系,故用过去分词。故填compared。
2【条件状语】
Time, ______________(use) correctly, is money in the bank.
【答案】used
【解析】考查过去分词。时间如果被正确地利用,就是存在银行里的钱。此处use和time之间是被动关系,故用
过去分词作条件状语。故填used。
3.【2023·江苏省扬州市调研】 _______(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the BDS operates more
satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features enable better more accurate
services.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:与其他卫星导航系统相比,BDS在高轨道运行更多的卫星,并以更多的频率传
输导航信号。分析句子结构,可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,非谓语动词的复合结构可以作句子的状语,
BDS与compare是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词,此处作比较状语。故答案为Compared。
4.【2022·江苏省泰州中学月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. First, we
must understand the language when we hear it_______(speak).
【答案】spoken
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中hear的宾语it代指前面的language,与speak之间为被动关系,故用speak的过去分词形式 spoken。故填spoken。
考点2 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰
的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last
week.
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔
才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词
recognized“被公认的”。
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,
was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语 the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填
过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
3. [2019·上海卷]Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species ______ (threaten) with
extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is
considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
【答案】threaten
【解析】考查非谓语动词。奥里萨邦是三只濒临灭绝的奥利弗龟的大规模筑巢地,其中的加希尔玛塔被认为是世
界上最大的筑巢地之一,每年约有7000万到8000万只海龟在这里的海滩上产卵。本句的谓语为is,因此,设空处
所给动词用非谓语形式,species与threaten之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做后置定语。故填threaten。
4.(浙江1月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
【答案】 called
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem与call之间是被动关系,故用过去分词called作problem的后置定语。故
填called。
【方法指导】
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在被修饰
的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生1.(2023·江苏省镇江市调研)A folk music piece ____ ____ (title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to the
opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.
【答案】titled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一曲名为《风景如画的浙江》的民间音乐为此次活动的开幕式拉开了帷幕,其
中包含了丝绸、茶、竹、诗歌等典型的浙江元素。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词中的过去分词作后置定语修
饰music piece,因music piece和title为被动关系,所以为过去分词形式表被动。故填titled。
2.(2023·湖南省长沙市第一中学模拟) “From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our language,
enthusiastic young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists ________(inspire) by France.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从北京到广州,我遇到了学习我们语言的学生,热情的年轻人,渴望创新的商
人,以及受法国启发的艺术家。分析句子结构可知非谓语动词 inspire与逻辑主语artists构成被动关系,故用过去
分词做后置定语修饰artists。故填inspired。
3. [2022·河南省平顶山市高三阶段测试]The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on research
done with students ________ (age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查过去分词。基于对146个国家11至17岁学生的研究,该报告于2019年发表在《柳叶刀》上。这里
用age的过去分词,构成分词短语aged 11 to17,作后置定语表示:来自146个不同国家的年龄11至17岁的生。故
填aged。
4.[2023·宁夏银川一中月考]Food items themselves have meaning _____ (attach) to them. In many Western countries, a
box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查过去分词。食物本身也有其自身的意义。attach与其逻辑主语meaning构成被动关系,应用其过去分
词作定语。故填attached。
考点3 过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the
ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的
动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我
的自行车给修了。
1. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 . (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指
代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________________(wash).
【答案】washed
【解析】考查过去分词做宾补。Get…done意为:“让……做某事”,此处为过去分词作宾补。故填washed
【方法指导】
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略
了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。
这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
1.(2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测)With his accomplishments widely ________ (acknowledge), Zheng He is
remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
【答案】acknowledged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的成就被广泛认可;郑和被认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。分析句子
可知,本句有谓语is remembered,空处填非谓语动词;此处考查with的复合结构,即“with+宾+宾补”的结构,
宾语 his accomplishments和acknowledge之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填acknowledged。
2.(2022·天津高三二模)With her attention ________ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.to be fixed B.fix C.fixed D.fixing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩全神贯注地看书,静静地坐在那里。分析可知,句子为with的复合结
构作状语,fix和her attention为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词表被动。故选C项。
3.(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)The fireman told us the troubles they had ________the fire________ .
A.getting; controlled B.got; controlled C.got; to control D.getting; to control
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:消防队员告诉我们他们在控制火势方面遇到的麻烦。第一空have trouble (in)
doing sth.为固定用法,空处需填动名词getting作宾语;第二空get sth. done为固定用法,空处需填过去分词
controlled作宾语补足语。故选A。
考点4 过去分词作表语
作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.
这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:Theglass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形
容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed,
known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
1. (2020·浙江高三)The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _______and didn't
know which one to choose.
A.confused B.to confuse
C.confusing D.to be confused
【答案】A
【解析】
考查get +过去分词结构。句意为:美发师展示给我一本里面有很多不同发型的书,我感到很困惑,不知选择哪一
个。get+过去分词的系表结构强调状态的变化,故选A。
2. (2020·全国高三)While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A.promote B.promoted
C.promoting D.to promote
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在等待着背提拔的机会的时候,Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。本题考查的
非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”,如“get burnt”被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;本句中的get promoted获得
提拔。故B正确。
1. (2020·全国高三)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in
staying ______ (connect). (用单词适当形式填空)
【答案】connected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:对于那些家人离得很远的人来说,电脑和手机是保持联系的重要工具。stay是系
动词,此处后面接形容词性过去分词connected作表语;connected 意思为“有联系的”。故填connected。
2. (2022·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_______________
(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
【答案】stuck
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:今年4月,由于火山灰云,数千名度假者仍滞留在国外。remained是系动词,后需
接形容词作表语,因为表示度假者被滞留,所以空处需用过去分词
stuck作表语。故填stuck。
【关键能力】
过去分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,过去分词是必考内容。
[应对策略]
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词,
就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
1.首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词
在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。
2.现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词作定语表
示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,应熟记能用动名
词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
3.过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词
不可作主语或宾语。
4.其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:
(1)作主语,v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no+主语”中,
主语需用动名词而不用不定式。
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。
(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。
(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。
(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。
(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。
1.(2021·浙江)_______(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of time.
【答案】Absorbed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:这位才华横溢的钢琴家沉浸在浪漫的旋律中,忘记了时间。be absorbed in意为
“专心于”,为固定搭配。所以应用过去分词作状语。故填Absorbed。
2.(2021·浙江)Watch out for your silly behavior. Don't you see a camera ________(position) in an unnoticeable corner?
【答案】positioned
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:当心你愚蠢的行为。你没看到摄像头放在一个不显眼的角落吗?动词position意为
“放置”,和逻辑主语camera构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填positioned。
基础过关
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.(2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)His ceramic works, both functional and sculptural, are full of elements of
fashion, humor, and character ___ ____ (paint) on with traditional Chinese ink.
【答案】painted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传
统水墨人物画的元素。分析句子结构可知paint在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语elements of fashion, humor,
and character构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填painted。
2.(2023·广东省高三开学大联考)Food ____ ___ (make)of wheat flour is the staple(主食)for people living in thenorth, while rice is the main staple in the south.
【答案】made
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:由面粉制成的食物是北方人的主食,而大米是南方人的主要主食。本句已有谓语
动词is,空格处与is没有连词连接,所以空格处应该填非谓语动词,food和make之间是被动关系,用过去分词作
定语。故填made。
3.(2023·河南省名校联考高三5月模拟)A lot of us may be still recovering from antisocial habits _____ (form)
in the tough time.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们中的大部分人可能仍正从在困难时期形成的反社会习惯中恢复。分析句子
可知,设空处用非谓语动词作后置定语,habits和form构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以此处要用该词的过去分词形
式。故填formed。
4.(2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考)Its home port will be decided ____ ____ (base) on a host of factors, including
the nation’s security needs, the ship’s tasks and candidate ports’ support capacity.
【答案】based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它的母港将根据国家的安保需要、任务、候选港口的支援能力等多种因素来决
定。短语be based on表示“根据”,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语。故填based。
5.(2023·山东省青岛市测试)Felix Böck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to
recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his
friend’s house ____ ____ (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.
【答案】filled
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:一天,他在朋友家发现了一个抽屉,里面放满了一次性竹筷,于是他灵机一动。
house和fill之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,作后置定语,故填filled。
6.(2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考)Two things I did may have caused people to think that something is wrong
with me. The first was when my wife asked me to have the sitting-room clock ___ ___ (repair). I drove into the market
place of our little town and, clock under arm, entered a shop. Only it was the meat shop.
【答案】repaired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第一次是我妻子让我把客厅的钟修好。根据下文可知,此处表示让别人修钟,
应用have sth. done“(主语)请/派别人完成某事”,过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repaired。
7.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底)Huang Shihui from Xiangcheng Middle School, Hubei, won the first prize for
her painting ____ ____ (title) China in the Rubik’s Cube.
【答案】titled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:湖北省香城中学的黄诗慧以《魔方展现中国时代》获得一等奖。分析句子结构
可知,句中已有谓语动词,设空处只能作非谓语,其逻辑主语为 her painting,二者之间为被动关系,应用过去分
词形式,此处整个分词短语作后置定语修饰painting。故填titled。
8.(2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底) ____ ____ (compare) to other genres, farmers painting in China is relatively
new.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:与其他体裁相比,农民画在中国是相对较新的。分析可知,句中谓语是 is,空格
处用非谓语动词,farmers painting和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,compared
to“与……比较”,也是固定短语,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Compared。9.(2023·湖南省三湘创新发展联合调研)The large mural (壁画) ___ ___ (create)by Lau in 2020 during the
COVID-19 pandemic is a monument to the disastrous moments the human race faced in 2020, which shows if we work
together, we can win any battle.
【答案】created
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:刘建文在2020年创作的2019冠状病毒疾病大流行期间的这幅大型壁画,是对人
类在2020年所面临灾难性时刻的纪念,它表明,如果我们齐心协力,我们就能赢得任何战斗。分析可知,
(create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic在句中为后置定语,修饰名词mural,动词create与名词mural
为动宾关系,所以此处填过去分词。故填created。
10.(2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模))The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes
of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China ________(hold) in south China’s Zhuhai
City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket was displayed.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:CGTN从本月早些时候在中国南部珠海市举行的中国航展上获悉,新型火箭将
高90米,能够将27吨有效载荷送入月球轨道。动词hold和被修饰词Airshow China是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此
处为过去分词形式,表示被动,作后置定语。故填held。
11.(2023·浙江省名校协作体开学考试)The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition ___ ___ (hold)
by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on solutions.
【答案】held
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:该项目在哈佛大学和清华大学举办的“中国思考大”竞赛中获奖,该竞赛旨在鼓
励青少年探索重要的全球问题并专注于解决方案。本句已有谓语won且无连词,动词hold用非谓语形式,逻辑主
语a competition与动词hold是被动关系,hold用过去分词作后置定语。故填held。
12.(2023·江苏省南京市统考)Lin said a friend got him ____ ____ (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago.
In 2018, they decided to host their own festival.
【答案】involved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:林说,十多年前,一位朋友让他参与了龙舟比赛。分析句子可知,句中有谓语
动词“got”,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“involve”意为“参加”,动词词性,“him”和“involve”为逻辑上的动宾
关系,故应用“involve”的过去分词“involved”,作宾语补足语。故填involved。
13.(2023·江苏省常州市期中)An image ____ ____ (generate) with an AI system called Midjourney recently won an
art competition at the Colorado State Fair, and caused an uproar (怨愤) among artists.
【答案】generated
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:最近,一个名为Midjourney的人工智能系统生成的图像在科罗拉多州博览会上赢
得了一场艺术比赛,并在艺术家中引起了怨愤。分析可知本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语,image与generate之间是
被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语;故填generated。
14.(2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模试题) This precious small output of tea, widely ________ (seek) after for
its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
【答案】sought
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这种珍贵的小产量茶叶,因其优良的品质而广受追捧,被称为茗谦茶。句中有
谓语,前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词 tea,且动词seek和tea是被动关系,应用过去分
词作后置定语,故填sought。
15.(2023·江苏省南京市南京市第一中学期中)The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings____ ___ (compare) to sites that didn’t have compressors added to speed up gas extraction.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员发现,在这些地区,与没有增加压缩机以加速气体提取的地点相比,
秧苗仍然更少。句子的谓语动词为were,所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词 compare何其逻辑主语seedlings之
间为被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填compared。
16.(2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考)________(inspire) by this, three men in England staged the first modern bungee
jumps off a bridge in Bristol in 1979.
【答案】Inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受此启发,三名英国男子于 1979年在布里斯托尔的一座桥上进行了第一次现代
蹦极。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语 three men与inspire之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分
词作状语。故填Inspired。
17.(2023·江苏省淮安市两校(楚州中学、新马中学)联考)】As a child, Qiao Yu, ____ ____ (influence) by his
father, read books about traditional Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the age of nine due
to his family impoverishment.
【答案】influenced
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:在父亲的影响下,乔羽从小就阅读有关中国传统文化的书籍,背诵中国诗歌。分
析句子可知,提示词是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Qiao Yu之间是被动关系,此处应用过去分词表示被动。故填
influenced。
18.(2023·浙江省金丽衢十二校联考)Taichi, ________ ( influence) by Daoist and Confucian thought, as well as
traditional Chinese medicine, builds upon theories of body energies, the yin and yang cycle and the unity of heaven, earth
and man.
【答案】influenced
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:太极受道家和儒家思想以及中医的影响,建立在身体能量、阴阳循环和天人合
一的理论基础上。分析句子可知,influence作状语,与逻辑主语Taichi是被动语态,用过去分词作状语,故填
influenced。
19.(2023·江苏省泰州中学调研)However, now machine ____ ___ (design) to make artificial snow are quite
advanced. They can make different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport.
【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,现在用来制造人造雪的机器已经相当先进了。machine和design是逻辑动
宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填designed。
20.(2023·北京市通州区统考) (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and a
decrease in agricultural production.
【答案】Affected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受高温影响,一些地区出现干旱,农业减产。句中谓语是 experienced,空格处
用非谓语动词,由by可知,空格处用过去分词表被动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Affected。
22.(2023·江苏省扬州市宝应县检测) ___ ___ (decorate) with about 40, 000 firewood sticks outside, the bookstore
features 10,000 books ranging from literature to history.
【答案】Decorated
考查非谓语动词。句意:书店外面装饰着大约40000根木柴,有10000本从文学到历史的书籍。句中已有谓语动词
features且无连词,故空处应填非谓语动词,decorate和逻辑主语the bookstore之间为被动关系,应用过去分词,作状语。故填Decorated。
23.(2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考) At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or
COP27, ___ __ ___ (hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible solutions came into focus.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:今年11月在埃及举行的联合国气候变化大会上,许多海洋问题和一些可能的解
决方案成为焦点。句子的谓语为 came,设空处修饰名词短语 the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or
COP27,为动宾关系,应用过去分词形式,作后置定语。故填held。
24.(2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校调研二)By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, and a magnifying
glass. She would have worn these in the form of a chatelaine-a series of small purses ___ ___ (attach) to the waist.
【答案】attached
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知attach在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语purses构成被动关系,故用过
去分词。故填attached。
25.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟) The Forbidden City, also ________ (refer) to as the Palace Museum in the
modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
【答案】referred
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紫禁城,在现代也被称为故宫博物院,位于北京的中心。根据句中谓语“is
located”可知,此处为非谓语动词,作定语修饰“The Forbidden city”,并与其构成被动关系,故应用过去分词形
式。故填referred。
26.(2023·浙江省强基联盟仿真密卷)To date, the Palace Museum Calendar has been published continuously for
twelve years with 4, 000, 000 copies________(sell).
【答案】sold
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,《故宫日历》已连续出版12年,售出400万册。分析句子可知,
此处是一个with复合结构,逻辑主语4, 000, 000 copies与动词sell之间为被动关系,应用过去分词sold。故填
sold。
27.(2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考)________(base)on the Open University of China, the National University for
the Aged is a national education resource-sharing platform for senior citizens aged 60 or above, whose curriculum
extensively ranges from foreign languages and computer skills to photography, cooking and other skills.
【答案】Based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:国立老年大学是一个以中国开放大学为基础,面向 60岁及以上老年人的全国性
教育资源共享平台,其课程涵盖从外语、计算机技能到摄影、烹饪等多种技能。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和
主句主语“the National University for the Aged”之间为被动关系,用过去分词;出现在句首,首字母大学。故填
Based。
能力提升
【2023·陕西省西北工业大学附属中学第十三次适应性训练】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号
内单词的正确形式。
Finding time to exercise can be hard in our busy lives. So maybe it would help 1 there was “a best time” to
exercise? Could exercising at certain times help maximize our fitness goals? The answer is “yes”.
There are clear 2 (benefit) to exercising in the morning. Many of us have more free time then 3(compare) with later in the day, and it may therefore be 4 (easy) for us to stick to a morning workout routine. A
study found participants who exercised in the morning, increased their physical activity 5 the day, were less
distracted by food, and slept better. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase
metabolism (新陈代谢), 6 means you’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day.
So, good news for early birds, but what if you’re not a morning person? Working out in the afternoon or evening also
7 (have) benefits, just different ones. For example, your body’s ability 8 (perform) is at its best in the
afternoon. 9 (addition), in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood
pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while 10 (improve) your performance.
So what time is best? It seems the answer is: whatever time is best for you!
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在特定时间锻炼有助于最大限度地实现我们的健身目标。
1.if/when考查状语从句。所以,如果(或当)有“最佳时间”锻炼,也许会有所帮助?分析句子结构和意思可知,
这里需要表示“如果(或当……的时候)”意思的连词,if引导条件状语从句或when引导时间状语从句。故填
if/when。
2.benefits考查名词的数。早上锻炼有明显的好处。there be +主语,谓语动词是are,所以句子主语用名词复数形
式benefits。故填benefits。
3.compared考查非谓语动词。句意:与当天晚些时候相比,我们中的许多人在那之后有更多的空闲时间,因此,
我们坚持晨练可能更容易。分析句子结构和意思可知,设空处是非谓语动词作状语,be compared with (与……相
比),用过去分词compared表示被动。故填compared。
4.easier考查比较级。句意:见第3题。此处形容词比较级easier作表语,比较“晨练”和“其他时间的锻炼”,
表示“更容易的”。故填easier。
5.throughout考查介词。一项研究发现,参与者在早上锻炼,全天增加体力活动,较少被食物分心,睡眠更好。
此处介词throughout,意为“整个”。故填throughout。
6.which考查定语从句。早餐前空腹锻炼也可以燃烧更多的脂肪并增加新陈代谢,这意味着你一整天都会继续燃
烧卡路里。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句的内容,关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词which
引导。故填which。
7.has考查时态和主谓一致。下午或晚上锻炼也有好处,只是不同。这句话描述的是理论事实,谓语用一般现在
时,主语是动名词短语Working out in the afternoon or evening,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
8.to perform考查非谓语动词。例如,你的身体在下午的表现能力处于最佳状态。这里考查固定搭配ability to do
sth.,意为“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to perform。
9.Additionally考查词形转换。此外,下午和晚上,你的反应时间最快,心率和血压最低,这减少了你受伤的机会,
同时提高了你的表现。这里需要副词,作状语,修饰整个句子,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Additionally。
10.improving考查非谓语动词。句意:见第9题。此处while引导的时间状语从句在非限制性定语从句which
reduce your chance of injury中作状语,完整的状语从句应为while it is improving your performance,从句的主语与
which指代的内容一致,当状语从句中的主语是it且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。故
填improving。
真题感知
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔
才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词
recognized“被公认的”。
2.(2023·1 月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____ ____
(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,
was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语 the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填
过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
3.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to
museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to
its layout,with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它
的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。本空修饰名词短语system of ring roads,被修饰名词短语
和动词build之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式作定语。
4.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for
everyone.
【答案】intended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,简单形式的背后是专门为每个人提供的严肃信息。此处是过去分词短语作定
语,修饰message。可改写为:which is intended for everyone。故填intended。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___ 6 3___ (bold) in Beijing, Cao
decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【答案】held
【解析】考查过去分词。受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的鼓舞,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,
以向古代丝绸之路致敬。此处the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation与hold之间为被动关系,用过去
分词,作后置定语。故填held。
6.【2022·全国高考乙卷】 It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
【答案】shared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非
谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
7.(2021新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊
的",故填astonished.
8.(2021新课标II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
9.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had
higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农
村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是 had,所以 study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是
countries,表被动关系,故填studied。
10.(2021年北京卷)There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,
________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
【答案】caused
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去 20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在
很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关
系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
11.(2020新课标II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes
and messages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指
代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
12.(2020 年北京卷)A piece of stone___ ___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
【答案】found
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我
们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案
为found。
13.(2020 年浙江卷 1 月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,
人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系,故填compared。
14.(2019 年北京卷)Earth Day, __________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness
about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式
可知,设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语,且两者之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。
15.(2018· 北京)Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
【答案】used
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal
with bacterial effectively是主句,_________ correctly是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被
动关系,故要用过去分词used。
17.(2018新课标III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn'tfeel_____________(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处feel为系动词,之后缺表语,故用过去分词challenged,表示"被挑战的",所以用
过去分词。
18.With a note __________ (attach) to the gift inside the package, it expressed Tom’s best wishes to me.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:包裹里的礼物上贴着一张纸条,表达了汤姆对我最好的祝愿。分析句子可知,
“With a note (attach) to the gift inside the package”是“with复合结构”,动词attach作宾语note的补足语,
是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语note之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词表被动。故填attached。
19.Foods ________ (intend) for old people and children should be soft, tasty, small and light.
【答案】intended
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:给老年人和儿童吃的食物应该是软的、好吃的、小的、轻的。分析句子可知,句
意已有谓语动词be,所以空处应填非谓语动词形式,且与其逻辑主语Foods为被动关系,所以填过去分词形式
intended表被动,作后置定语,且be intended for为固定搭配,表示“用于,打算为……所用”。故填intended。
20.__________ (give) some advice by a famous musician, the young singer was not worried about his performance any
more.
【答案】Given
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:获得了著名音乐家的建议后,年轻的歌手不再担心她的表演了。
the young singer was not worried about his performance any more为主句,此处做状语,give与主语the
young singer之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语,故填Given。
21.__________ (move) by the peaceful music, he decided to study classical music in university.
【答案】Moved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被平和的音乐所打动,他决定在大学里学习古典音乐。分析句子结构可知,句
子谓语动词为decided,所以空处需填非谓语动词形式,句子主语he和move之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词表
被动。故填moved。
22.People in modern times can read the classic works ________(write) by Chinese in ancient times.
【答案】written
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:现代人可以读到中国人在古代写的经典作品。分析句子结构可知write在句中应
用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语the classic works构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填written。
23.With enough humor ________ (throw) in for good measure, the newly-published novel is not just all serious.
【答案】thrown
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部新出版的小说中加入了足够的幽默,并不完全是严肃的。分析句子可知,
提示词是with复合结构中宾语humor的补足语,动词短语throw in与其逻辑主语humor之间是被关系,应用过去
分词表被动和完成。故填thrown。
24._________ (fill) with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
【答案】Filled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:充满了愤怒,你会想到什么就说什么。主语you与fill是逻辑动宾关系,应用过
去分词,作状语,表被动,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Filled。
25.______(influence) by Chinese culture, many capital cities in the world have China towns.【答案】Influenced
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:受中国文化的影响,世界上许多首都都有中国城镇。本句已有谓语have且无连词,
动词influence用非谓语形式,逻辑主语many capital cities与动词influence是动宾关系,influence用过去分词表被
动,作状语,首字母大写。故填Influenced。