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译林版 B3U4 Wordlist Page 106右边重点词汇讲解
译林版 B3U4 Wordlist Page 106右边重点词汇讲解
33. by accident 偶然，意外地 (48)
34. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 (48)
35. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ (AmE favor) vt. 较喜欢
n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 (48)
36. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家，投机钻营者 (49)
37. lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 (49)
38. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电，电能 (49)
39. theory /ˈθɪəri/ n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见(49)
40. thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ n. 雷雨，雷暴(49)
41. ribbon /ˈrɪbən/ n. 带子，丝带；带状物(49)
42. metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 (49)
43. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ vt. & vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使…承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 (49)
44. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 (49)
45. bang /bæŋ/ n. 突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
vi. & vt. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 (51)
46. with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 (51)
47. standout /ˈstændaʊt/ adj. 突出的
n. 突出的人（或物）(51)
48. atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/ adj. 原子的；原子能的 (53)
49. bomb /bɒm/ n. 炸弹；核武器 vt. 轰炸 (53)
50. evil /ˈiːvl/ n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处
adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 (53)
51. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 牵涉，影响；包含（使）参加(53)
52. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 (53)
53. credit /ˈkredɪt/ n. 赞扬，认可；信用
vt. 存入金额；把…归于 (53)
54. moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的；道义上的；端正的
n. 品行，道德；寓意 (53)
33. by accident (p.48)
固定介词短语，详见 accident 词条。
特别注意
同义词：by chance / accidentally
反义词：on purpose / deliberately / intentionally
注意区分：by accident（偶然）≠ by mistake（错误地）
34. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ (p.48)
词形变化
形容词intelligent 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的
名词 intelligence 智力，智慧；情报
副词intelligently聪明地
反义词unintelligent不聪明的
常用短语
intelligent design智能设计
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
intelligence test智力测试
intelligence agency情报机构
特别注意
intelligent 与 clever/smart 的区别：intelligent更正式，强调学习和理解能力；clever/smart 更口语化，强调灵活机智
intelligence 不可数名词：He has high intelligence.（不说 an intelligence）
35. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ (AmE favor) (p.48)
词形变化
词性形式释义
名词favour帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒
动词favour较喜欢；偏袒；有助于
形容词favourable赞成的；有利的
副词favourably 赞成地；有利地
反义词disfavour 不赞成
常用短语
do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙
Could you do me a favour and open the window?
in favour of支持，赞同
Everyone voted in favour of the proposal.
in sb.’s favour对某人有利
The decision was in our favour.
ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙
May I ask a favour of you?
favour sb. with sth.赐予；给予（正式）
Would you favour us with a song?
特别注意
do sb. a favour 中的 favour 是名词，前面用 a
in favour of 中的 favour 不可数，无冠词
美式拼写：favor（无 u）
36. politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ (p.49)
词形变化
名词politician 政治家（褒义/中性）；政客（贬义）
名词politics政治；政治学
形容词 political 政治的
副词politically政治地
特别注意
politician 在英语中常含贬义，暗示自私、善于操纵；表示“真正的政治家”可用 statesman
politics 作主语时动词用单数：Politics is an interesting subject.
37. lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ (p.49)
常用短语
like lightning闪电般地
He ran like lightning to catch the bus.
lightning never strikes twice祸不单行（谚语：闪电不会两次击中同一处）
Don’t worry, lightning never strikes twice.
特别注意
thunder 与 lightning 的区别：thunder 是雷声，lightning是闪电
lightning 作形容词时：lightning speed / lightning strike
38. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ (p.49)
词形变化
名词electricity电，电能
形容词electric 电的，电动的
形容词electrical 与电有关的
名词electrician电工
常用短语
generate/produce electricity发电
The dam generates electricity for the region.
supply of electricity电力供应
The storm cut off the electricity supply.
electricity bill电费单
Our electricity bill is high in summer.
static electricity静电
Static electricity makes my hair stand up.
特别注意
electric（电动的）vs electrical（与电有关的）：electric car / electrical engineering
electricity 是不可数名词
39. theory /ˈθɪəri/ (p.49)
词形变化
名词theory学说，理论；原理；看法
形容词 theoretical理论上的
副词theoretically 理论上地
反义词practice实践
常用短语
in theory理论上In theory, this plan should work.
theory of evolution 进化论
Darwin’s theory of evolution changed biology.
常用句式
In theory, the medicine should cure the disease.
He has a theory about why the dinosaurs went extinct.
特别注意
in theory 与 in practice 相对：In theory, it’s a good idea, but in practice it’s difficult.
theory 是可数名词（多种理论）和不可数名词（理论知识）：a scientific theory / theory is different from practice
40. thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ (p.49)
词形变化
名词thunderstorm雷雨，雷暴
相关词thunder雷；打雷
相关词storm暴风雨
特别注意
thunderstorm 是由 thunder + storm 组成的复合词
thunder 与 lightning 常同时出现：lightning and thunder
41. ribbon /ˈrɪbən/ (p.49)
常用短语
cut the ribbon剪彩
The mayor cut the ribbon at the opening ceremony.
blue ribbon蓝丝带（一等奖）
Her painting won the blue ribbon at the fair.
特别注意
cut the ribbon 是固定搭配，意为“剪彩”
blue ribbon 常代表第一名或最高荣誉
42. metal /ˈmetl/ (p.49)
词形变化
词性形式释义
名词metal金属
形容词metallic金属的；金属般的
特别注意
metal 与 medal 区分：metal 金属；medal 奖牌
metallic 是形容词：a metallic sound（金属般的声音）
43. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ (p.49)
词形变化
动词charge充电；收费；控告；谴责；使充满
名词charge收费；控告；谴责；掌管；电荷
常用短语（动词）
charge a battery给电池充电I need to charge my phone.
charge for收费How much do you charge for a haircut?
charge sb. with sth.控告某人某事He was charged with theft.
charge into冲进He charged into the room.
常用短语（名词）
in charge of负责，掌管She is in charge of the project.
take charge of接管，负责He took charge of the situation.
free of charge免费The brochure is free of charge.
face a charge面临指控He faces a charge of murder.
electric charge电荷Positive and negative charges attract.
常用句式
The hotel charges $100 per night.
He was charged with drunk driving.
Who is in charge of the marketing department?
The museum is free of charge on Sundays.
特别注意
charge 多义且高频，需根据语境判断
in charge of（负责某事）vs in the charge of（由……负责）：She is in charge of the class. / The class is in the charge of her.
free of charge = for free
44. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ (p.49)
词形变化
词性形式释义
形容词electric电的，发电的，电动的
名词electricity电
形容词electrical 与电有关的
副词electrically用电地
常用短语
短语释义例句
electric car电动汽车Tesla makes electric cars.
electric guitar电吉他He plays the electric guitar.
electric shock电击He got an electric shock from the wire.
electric current电流Electric current flows through the wire.
electric atmosphere紧张/热烈的气氛（比喻）The atmosphere in the room was electric.
常用句式
An electric fan can help cool the room.
The performance created an electric atmosphere.
特别注意
electric vs electrical：electric 指“用电驱动的”（electric car），electrical 指“与电有关的”（electrical engineer）
electric 可用于比喻：The crowd was electric with excitement.
45. bang /bæŋ/ (p.51)
词形变化
词性形式释义
名词bang突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击
动词bang砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞
常用短语
bang the door砰地关门Don’t bang the door!
bang into撞上He banged into a tree in the dark.
bang on猛敲Someone is banging on the door.
with a bang很成功；引人注目The party ended with a bang.
常用句式
We heard a loud bang coming from the kitchen.
He banged his fist on the table in anger.
She banged the door shut.
特别注意
with a bang 是固定短语，详见第46条
bang 是拟声词，模仿爆炸或撞击声
46. with a bang (p.51)
固定短语，详见 bang 词条。
常用句式
The fireworks display ended with a bang.
Her career started with a bang when she won the award.
The party went off with a bang.
特别注意
with a bang 有“成功/引人注目”和“砰地一声”两种含义，靠语境区分
反义词：with a whimper（无声无息地结束）
47. standout /ˈstændaʊt/ (p.51)
词形变化
形容词standout突出的，杰出的
名词standout突出的人或物
常用短语
standout performance出色的表现
She gave a standout performance in the play.
standout student优秀学生
He is a standout student in his class.
常用句式
She was a standout in the competition.
His standout feature is his sense of humor.
特别注意
standout 是由动词短语 stand out 演变而来
stand out 作动词：He stands out from the crowd.（脱颖而出）
48. atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/ (p.53)
词形变化
名词atom原子
形容词atomic 原子的；原子能的
形容词nuclear核能的（近义）
常用短语
atomic bomb原子弹
atomic energy原子能
atomic structure原子结构
atomic number原子序数
常用句式
The atomic bomb changed the nature of warfare forever.
Scientists study the atomic structure of matter.
特别注意
atomic 与 nuclear 的区别：atomic 特指原子层面，nuclear指原子核层面（更常用，如 nuclear power plant）
49. bomb /bɒm/ (p.53)
词形变化
名词bomb炸弹；核武器
动词bomb轰炸
名词（人）bomber轰炸机；投炸弹者
常用短语
drop a bomb投炸弹The plane dropped a bomb on the target.
time bomb定时炸弹
A time bomb was discovered in the building.
car bomb汽车炸弹The car bomb killed several people.
bomb threat炸弹威胁The school received a bomb threat.
cost a bomb花很多钱（英式俚语）That car cost a bomb.
常用句式
His joke was a bomb — nobody laughed.（比喻：彻底失败）
特别注意
bomb 作动词：The city was heavily bombed.
the bomb 可特指“原子弹”：the race to build the bomb
50. evil /ˈiːvl/ (p.53)
常用短语
good and evil善与恶
The story explores the struggle between good and evil.
evil eye恶毒的目光She gave me the evil eye.
necessary evil无法避免的坏事
Some people see taxes as a necessary evil.
the root of all evil万恶之源
Some say money is the root of all evil.
特别注意
evil 作名词时：可数（具体的罪行）和不可数（抽象的恶）
the evil 可以指“邪恶势力”
51. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ (p.53)
词形变化
词性形式释义
动词involve牵涉，影响；包含；使参加
形容词involved 复杂的；参与的
名词involvement参与；牵连
常用短语
involve doing sth.包含做某事
The job involves traveling frequently.
involve sb. in sth.使某人参与某事
We should involve more people in the discussion.
be involved in参与；卷入He is involved in a car accident.
be involved with与……有关联
She got involved with the wrong crowd.
特别注意
involve 后接 doing，不接 to do：✅ involves working / ❌ involves to work
be involved in 可褒可贬（参与好事或卷入坏事）
52. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ (p.53)
词形变化
名词science科学
形容词scientific科学的；细致严谨的
副词scientifically 科学地
名词（人）scientist科学家
常用句式
We need to take a scientific approach to the problem.
His conclusions are based on scientific evidence.
特别注意
scientific 的反义词：unscientific / non-scientific
scientific 可用于比喻：a scientific way of thinking（严谨的思维方式）
53. credit /ˈkredɪt/ (p.53)
词形变化
名词credit赞扬，认可；信用；学分；赊购
动词credit存入金额；把……归于
形容词credible可信的
形容词creditable值得称赞的
常用短语（名词）
give credit to赞扬，认可
We should give credit to all the volunteers.
take credit for居功
He took credit for work that others did.
to sb.’s credit值得赞扬的是
To her credit, she admitted her mistake.
on credit赊账They bought the furniture on credit.
credit card信用卡I paid with my credit card.
credit score信用评分A good credit score helps you get loans.
常用短语（动词）
credit sb. with sth.认为某人有……
He is credited with inventing the telephone.
credit sth. to sb.把……归功于某人
The discovery was credited to a young scientist.
特别注意
credit 作“学分”时：This course is worth three credits.
be credited with = 被认为做了某事（常与发明/成就连用）
54. moral /ˈmɒrəl/ (p.53)
词形变化
形容词moral道德的；道义上的；端正的
名词moral品行，道德；寓意
副词morally 道德上地
反义词 immoral 不道德的
常用短语
moral support道义上的支持
He came to give me moral support.
moral responsibility道德责任
We have a moral responsibility to help others.
常用句式
It is our moral duty to help those in need.
He is a man of high morals.
特别注意
moral 作名词时常用复数：His morals are questionable.
moral 与 ethical 的区别：moral 更侧重个人内心的是非观，ethical更侧重职业/社会规范
综合填空练习（第33-54项）
从下列单词中选择填空：by accident, intelligent, favour, politician, lightning, electricity, theory, thunderstorm, ribbon, metal, charge, electric, bang, with a bang, standout, atomic, bomb, evil, involve, scientific, credit, moral
The discovery of the new drug happened quite ________ ________.
She is an ________ student who always gets top grades.
Could you do me a ________ and help me carry this box?
The ________ promised to lower taxes during his campaign.
________ struck the tall building during the storm.
The village didn’t have ________ until 2010.
________, the plan should work, but we need to test it.
We took shelter indoors during the ________.
The mayor cut the ________ at the opening ceremony.
Gold and silver are precious ________.
Who is in ________ of the marketing department?
An ________ car produces zero emissions.
We heard a loud ________ when the balloon popped.
The party ended ________ ________ ________.
She was a ________ performer in the school play.
The ________ bomb changed the nature of warfare.
The building was ________ during the war.
The story explores the struggle between good and ________.
The job ________ traveling to different cities.
There is no ________ evidence to support that claim.
Edison is ________ with inventing the light bulb.
The ________ of the story is: honesty is the best policy.
答案：
by accident
intelligent
favour
politician
Lightning
electricity
In theory
thunderstorm
ribbon
metals
charge
electric
bang
with a bang
standout
atomic
bombed
evil
involves
scientific
credited
moral