ARTICLE · 1051304
初中英语 | 新版外研社英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules?
2026
初中英语
外研版八年级上册
重点课文 1
Everywhere we go, there are rules. In this unit, let’s explore different types of rules. Why are rules important? How do rules change over time? By the end of this unit, you will design new rules for your class.
无论我们走到哪里，都有规则。在本单元，我们一起探究不同类型的规则吧。为什么规则很重要？规则是如何随着时间变化的？在本单元的结尾，你将为你的班级制定新规则。
单元主题：本单元以规则为核心，围绕校园、生活、社会各类规则展开，探究规则的意义、作用与时代变化，引导学生树立规则意识，学会辩证看待规则、自觉遵守规则、合理制定规则。
Rules
1 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book.
2 Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise.
3 A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese.
4 I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I held my breath so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.
5 Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, “Come on, he’s just a kid.”
6 I turned around so as to see other passengers’ faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the signs on the wall. They read “Please be quiet”, “No smelly food” and “Please look after your children”. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow!
7 Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat…
火车上的规章制度
1 忙碌一天下班，我坐上回家的列车，走到安静车厢打算看书，坐下拿出书本。
2 对面女孩突然外放超大音量音乐，我吓了一大跳，差点跳起来。
3 片刻后，身旁男士掏出好几包食物，仿佛在野餐。吃饭无可厚，但食物气味刺鼻难闻，我如同坐在一大堆臭奶酪旁边。
4 我捂住耳朵来隔绝"摇滚女孩"的噪音，我屏住呼吸来减轻“臭食先生” 散发出来的气味。
5 后排小男孩不停踢我的座椅，我怒火中烧，脸涨得通红。我让他停下，他妈妈却说：“别计较，他只是个孩子。”
6 我转头看向其他乘客，大家都面露不悦，却无人出声。如果我做点什么，他们会觉得我是个傻瓜吗？我看着墙上的标牌，上面清晰写着：请保持安静、请勿食用有异味的食物以及请照看好您的孩子。我心想，每个人都知道这些规则。它们不只是写在墙上，也应该铭记在我们的脑海和心中。规则就是要我们去遵守的！
7 我忽然鼓起勇气，深吸一口气，站起身来，清了清嗓子……
重要课文 2
Are you safe online?
Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. Nowadays, the internet has made it a piece of cake! There are so many netizens, that is, citizens on the internet! We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. But the internet has also brought new risks. Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.
1 Keep personal information private.
Avoid posting personal information online. This includes your full name, phone number, address, ID or passport number. Sometimes you may have to post this information. However, limit who sees it. Only people you know should see your information.
2 Be password smart!
To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a "strong and long" password. Don't use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday. Change it often and don't be careless.
3 Be aware of strangers.
Never meet online strangers in real life. They may cheat you. Only spend time online with trusted friends.
4 Be careful with your posts.
Who reads our social media posts? We never know. Think carefully before posting something online.Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies. Remember that behaving badly online has costs.
5 Ask for help.
People sometimes say bad things to other people online. This is cyberbullying. If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages. Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help. You don't have to face your problems alone!
你在网上安全么？
回想二十年前，与远方的亲人面对面聊天还只是一个梦想。如今，互联网让这一切变得轻而易举！现如今网民数量众多，也就是活跃在网络上的公民。我们只需轻轻一点，就能和任何人取得联系。但互联网也带来了新的风险。以下是你需要了解的基本网络安全规则。
1 保护个人隐私
避免在网上发布个人信息，包括全名、电话号码、住址、身份证或护照号码。有时你可能不得不填写这类信息，但要限制查看权限，只让认识的人看到你的个人信息。
2 妥善设置密码
为了保护你的网络账号，使用 “复杂且长度足够” 的密码至关重要。不要使用生日等容易被猜到的内容。定期更换密码，切勿马虎随意。
3 警惕网络陌生人
绝对不要与网络陌生人线下见面，他们可能会欺骗你。只和值得信任的朋友进行网络往来。
4 谨慎发布网络内容
谁会看到我们的社交动态？我们永远无从知晓。网上发文前一定要三思。言语有时会伤害他人，还可能给自己树敌。记住：在网络上言行不当，必将付出代价。
5 主动寻求帮助
有人会在网络上恶意攻击他人，这就是网络欺凌。如果你陷入困境，不要回复恶意消息。相反，向父母、老师或其他可信的成年人求助。你不必独自面对这些问题！
核心词汇+重点短语
核心词汇
opposite prep. 在对面
①opposite the station 在车站对面
②opposite adj. 对面的；相反的
③opposite n. 对立面，反义词
④近义词：across from
packet n. 小包
①a packet of snacks 一小包零食
②复数：packets
③近义词：bag, pack
smelly adj. 气味难闻的
①smelly rubbish 发臭的垃圾
②smell v. 闻；有…… 气味
③smell n. 气味
④反义词：fragrant adj. 芳香的
cheese n. 奶酪
①a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
②不可数名词
noise n. 噪音
①make noise 制造噪音
②noisy adj. 吵闹的
③noisily adv. 吵闹地
④反义词：silence n. 安静
reduce v. 减少
①reduce pollution 减少污染
②reduction n. 减少
③近义词：cut down
④反义词：increase v. 增加
kick v. 踢
①kick the ball 踢球
②kick off 踢开；（活动）启动
③过去式 / 过去分词：kicked, kicked
passenger n. 乘客
①train passengers 火车乘客
②复数：passengers
sign n. 标识
①traffic sign 交通标识
②sign v. 签字
③signature n. 签名
④近义词：notice, mark
throat n. 喉咙
①clear one's throat 清嗓子
②sore throat 喉咙痛
clear v. 清（嗓子）；清理
①clear the table 清理桌子
②clear adj. 清晰的；干净的
③clearly adv. 清晰地
citizen n. 公民
①net citizen 网民
②city n. 城市
③复数：citizens
click n./v. 点击
①click the mouse 点击鼠标
②click on 点击（链接）
personal adj. 个人的
①personal information 个人信息
②person n. 人
③personally adv. 就个人而言
④近义词：private adj. 私人的
avoid v. 避免
①avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
②avoidance n. 回避
address n. 地址
①home address 家庭住址
②address v. 解决；向…… 讲话
passport n. 护照
①ID card and passport 身份证和护照
②复数：passports
cheat v. 欺骗；作弊
①cheat in exams 考试作弊
②cheat sb. 欺骗某人
③cheater n. 骗子
cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌
①stop cyberbullying 抵制网络欺凌
②bully v./n. 欺负；霸凌者
urgent adj. 紧急的
①an urgent call 紧急来电
②urgently adv. 紧急地
③近义词：emergency adj. 应急的
law n. 法律
①break the law 违法
②lawful adj. 合法的
③反义词：illegal adj. 违法的
lawyer n. 律师
①ask a lawyer for help 向律师求助
②law n. 法律
responsibility n. 责任
①take responsibility 承担责任
②responsible adj. 有责任心的
③反义词：irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
单词变形
smell n. 气味
smelly adj. 有臭味的
person n. 人
personal adj. 私人的
regular adj. 定期的
regularly adv. 定期地
cyber bully v. 网络欺凌
cyberbullying n. 网络欺凌
urgent adj. 紧急的
urgency n. 紧急情况
responsible adj. 有责任心的
responsibility n. 责任
动词短语
get on the train 上火车
take out 拿出
block the noise 隔绝噪音
reduce the smell 减轻气味
kick one’s seat 踢座椅
take a deep breath 深呼吸
clear one’s throat 清嗓子
get in touch with 联系
post information 发布信息
turn to sb for help 向某人求助
名词短语
mountain of blue cheese 一大堆臭奶酪
personal information 个人信息
strong password 复杂密码
online stranger 网友
cyberbullying 网络欺凌
介词短语
in order to do 为了做（句首 / 句中）
so as to do 为了做（仅句末）
a piece of cake 轻而易举的事
in hot water 陷入麻烦、困境
look after children 照看孩子
重点句型
重点句型
I went to a quiet area in order to read.
我走到安静的区域为了看书。
I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.
我捂住耳朵，来隔绝女孩播放的噪音。
I held my breath so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.
我屏住呼吸，来减轻刺鼻的食物气味。
I turned around so as to see other passengers’ faces.
我转过身，想看看其他乘客的表情。
My face turned as red as a tomato!
我的脸涨得像西红柿一样红！
They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts.
规则不仅写在墙上，更应该铭记在我们的心中。
Rules are there for us to follow!
规则就是用来让我们遵守的！
Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.
回想二十年前，和远方的亲人面对面聊天还是一个梦想。
Nowadays, the internet has made it a piece of cake!
如今，互联网让这一切变得轻而易举！
We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.
我们只需轻轻一点，就能联系上任何人。
Avoid posting personal information online.
避免在网上发布个人信息。
It's important to use a "strong and long" password to protect your online accounts.
使用复杂且长的密码来保护网络账号十分重要。
Never meet online strangers in real life.
永远不要在现实生活中见网友。
Think carefully before posting something online.
在网上发布内容前要三思。
Behaving badly online has costs.
在网络上言行不当，必将付出代价。
If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages.
如果你陷入困境，不要回复恶意信息。
Turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.
向父母、老师或其他可信的成年人求助。
You don't have to face your problems alone!
你不必独自面对困难！
语法1-不定式作目的状语
1.基本用法：动词不定式放句中 / 句首，用作动作的目的，表示“为了……”，包含三种结构：to do /in order to do /so as to do，后面全部接动词原形。
2.用法区别：
①to do（最基础，口语、书面通用）
I use my phone to chat with friends. 放主句后面（最常用）
我用手机和朋友聊天。
To protect privacy, don’t share your ID. 放句首表强调（书面多见）
为了保护隐私，不要泄露身份证。
He turned off the phone not to waste power.（否定形式：not to do）
他关掉手机为了不耗电。
②in order to do（语气比单纯 to do 更强，考试写作加分句型）
In order to stay safe online, set a strong password. 为了上网安全，设置复杂密码。 I write down passwords in order to remember them. 我记下密码方便记住。 She closes the app in order not to leak information.（否定：in order not to do）
她关掉软件防止信息泄露。
③so as to do（多用于口语，仅能放主句后面，不能放句首）
I limit screen time so as to protect my eyes.
我控制看屏幕时间来保护眼睛。
He turns down volume so as not to disturb others. （否定：so as not to do）
他调低音量以免打扰别人。
3. 例句
Many people use mobile pay to save time.
很多人使用移动支付来节省时间。
In order to keep your data safe, don’t click strange links.
为保证数据安全，不要点击陌生链接。
I turn off location so as not to show my position.
我关闭定位，避免暴露我的位置。
4. 对应从句转换（in order that /so that）
to do 短语可以替换成目的状语从句，从句要用情态动词 can/could/will/may
He studies hard in order to pass the exam.（同义转换） He studies hard in order that he can pass the exam. I get up early so as to catch the bus. （同义转换） I get up early so that I can catch the bus.
语法2-情态动词
can /may/must /have to
1. can：
① 表能力：能够、会
I can borrow books from the library.
我能在图书馆借书。
② 表口语许可：可以
You can take this magazine home.
你可以把这本杂志带回家。
③ 否定形式： can’t，不能、不可以
You can’t run in the library.
图书馆内禁止奔跑。
2. may
① 委婉请求许可（比 can 正式）：可以
May I use your e-book?
我可以借用你的电子书吗？
② 肯定句中表推测：可能
The book may be on the shelf.
那本书或许在书架上。
③ 否定：may not 可能不
She may not agree with your idea.
她可能不会同意你的想法。
3. must
① 规章制度、责任要求：必须
You must keep quiet in the library.
你在图书馆必须保持安静。
② 肯定推测：一定
The light is on. He must be at home.
灯亮着，他一定在家。
③ 表禁止用 mustn’t：严禁、不准
You mustn’t write on the books.
不准在书上乱写乱画。
4. have to
① 客观情况导致 “不得不”，有人称、时态变化（has to /had to），must 侧重主观要求，have to 侧重客观被迫。
It’s raining, so I have to take an umbrella.
下雨了，所以我不得不带上雨伞。
5. 问答搭配
① May I…? 我可以…… 吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you may.
Yes, you can.
是的，你可以。
否定回答：No, you mustn’t.
No, you can’t.
不，不可以。
② Must I…? 我必须…… 吗？
肯定回答：Yes, you must.
是的，你必须。
否定回答：No, you needn’t.
No, you don’t have to.
不，你不必。
6. mustn’t /needn’t /can’t 辨析
① mustn’t：严禁，不准（硬性规则禁止）
② needn’t = don’t have to：不必，没必要
③ can’t：不能；不可能（否定推测）
语法3-不定式后置修饰不定词（扩展）
1. 用法：动词不定式 to do 放在不定代词/不定副词后面作后置定语，表示 “…… 的东西/地方”。
① 不定代词：something, anything, nothing, everything
② 不定副词：somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere
2. 修饰不定代词：不定代词 + to do
① I have something to borrow from the library.
我有一些要从图书馆借的书。
② Do you have anything to read during the break?
你有课间可以看的读物吗？
③ There is nothing to write on this book.
这本书上没有可以写字的空白处。
④ She found everything to prepare for her report.
她找齐了写报告要用的所有资料。
3. 修饰不定副词：不定副词+to do
① I need somewhere quiet to read magazines.
我需要一处安静看杂志的地方。
② Is there anywhere to put my schoolbag in the reading room?
阅览室里有可以放书包的地方吗？
③ There is nowhere to sit in the library now.
图书馆里现在没有能坐的位置了。
4. 形容词 + 不定式双重后置：不定词 + 形容词 + to do
① I want something interesting to read.
我想找些有趣的读物来看。
② We need somewhere warm to finish our homework.
我们需要一个暖和的地方写完作业。
学习主线
1. 语言表达：公共生活规则（火车礼仪）和网络安全规则
词汇：掌握公共场景、行为规范、网络安全类核心词汇：环境行为类（noise、smelly、reduce、kick）、网络安全类（personal、avoid、click、cheat、cyberbullying、urgent、law、responsibility），同时掌握词形变换（smell-smelly、person-personal、responsible-responsibility 等）。
短语：observe/abide by/stick to（遵守）、well-organized（井然有序的）、positive atmosphere（良好氛围）、hidden dangers（潜在风险）、block the noise（ 隔绝噪音）、reduce the smell （减轻气味）、kick one’s seat （踢座椅）、 personal information （个人信息）、strong password （复杂密码）、online stranger （网友）、post information（发布信息）等。
2. 语法：本单元核心语法重点掌握动词不定式表目的、情态动词的用法。
3. 写作输出：围绕 “规则” 写作，辩证说明规则的重要性，倡导文明守礼、理性上网、承担个人责任，树立守规则、懂自律、有担当的意识，可以聚焦公共、校园、图书馆、网络安全等规则。
英文范文
例文1：
Follow Public Rules
Public rules serve as the basic guarantee of a harmonious social environment, allowing people to behave politely and get along well with one another in public spaces such as high-speed trains and public transport.
However, some people fail to obey public rules in their daily trips. They play noisy music loudly, take and eat smelly food on board, and even kick other passengers’ seats. Such improper behaviors greatly disturb others and ruin the public travel experience.
As students, we are supposed to follow public rules strictly. We ought to keep quiet in public in order to avoid causing trouble to people around us. Meanwhile, we should refuse smelly food so as to maintain a clean and pleasant public environment. Bear it in mind that only standard public behavior can create a warmer and better world for everyone.
翻译：
遵守公共规则
公共规则是和谐社会环境的基本保障，能让人们在高铁、公共交通等公共场合礼貌行事、和睦相处。
然而，部分人在日常出行中不遵守公共规则。他们当众外放嘈杂音乐、食用异味食物，甚至随意踢踹他人座椅。这些不当行为会严重打扰他人，破坏公共出行氛围。
作为学生，我们应当严格遵守公共规则。我们在公共场合保持安静，以免给身边人造成困扰。同时，我们要拒绝食用异味食物，以此维护干净舒适的公共环境。请牢记：规范的公共行为，才能为所有人营造更美好、温暖的社会环境。
例文2：
Rules for Safe Online Surfing
While the Internet offers us plenty of convenience, it also comes with various potential dangers. Therefore, it is necessary for us to follow basic rules to guarantee our online safety.
To start with, we are supposed to protect our personal information and avoid releasing private details such as our home address or passport numbers online. Besides, it is wise to set reliable and complex passwords in order to safeguard our online accounts. What’s more, we should never meet netizens offline so as to prevent ourselves from being cheated. Last but not least, if we suffer from cyberbullying or other online problems, do not keep it to ourselves. Instead, we can turn to our parents and teachers for support and help.
In short, abiding by online rules enables us to stay away from hidden risks and live a healthy and safe online life.
翻译：
安全上网准则
互联网为我们的生活带来诸多便利，同时也伴随着各类潜在隐患。因此，我们有必要遵守基本准则，保障自身的网络安全。
首先，我们应当保护个人隐私，避免在网络上泄露家庭住址、护照号码等私人信息。此外，设置安全复杂的密码十分明智，以此来守护我们的网络账号。再者，我们绝对不能线下会见网友，防止自身上当受骗。最后重要的一点，倘若遭遇网络欺凌或其他网络问题，不要独自承受，要及时向父母和老师寻求帮助。
总之，遵守网络规则能让我们远离潜在风险，拥有健康、安全的网络生活。
例文3：
Play by the Rules
Rules can be found in every corner of our daily life, covering school occasions, public areas and the online world. Instead of being strict limits, rules act as reliable guardians that keep our life safe, stable and well-organized.
We need to observe different rules in different situations. At school, we abide by classroom and library rules in order to build a quiet and positive learning atmosphere. In public places, we stick to public order rules so as to show respect for every stranger around us. When surfing online, we follow safety rules strictly to stay away from hidden dangers and cyberbullying.
Wherever we go and whatever we do, we ought to keep rules firmly in mind. As far as I am concerned, only when all of us obey the rules consciously can we build a harmonious and wonderful society for everyone.
翻译：
依规行事
规则遍布我们日常生活的各个角落，涵盖校园场景、公共区域以及网络世界。规则并非严苛的束缚，而是守护我们生活安全、稳定、井然有序的可靠屏障。
我们需要在不同场景遵守对应的规则。在校园里，我们恪守课堂和图书馆守则，旨在营造安静、积极的学习氛围；在公共场所，我们遵守公共秩序，以此尊重身边的每一个人；在网络生活中，我们严格遵守安全准则，远离潜在隐患与网络欺凌。
无论身在何处、从事何种活动，我们都要将规则牢记于心。在我看来，唯有所有人自觉遵守规则，才能共建和谐美好的社会。
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注：文字原创，图片来源于网络。
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