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高考英语“熟词生义”系列 | bridge:从“桥”到“弥合”,这个单词远比你想象的能打
高考英语“熟词生义”系列 | bridge:从“桥”到“弥合”,这个单词远比你想象的能打开篇:同一个bridge,两种截然不同的打开方式 人教版必修二 UNIT 3 Reading and Thinking 中有一句话: “She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide...” ——她认为,弥合数字鸿沟至关重要。 而选择性必修二 UNIT 2 的标题是 Bridging Cultures——沟通文化。 两个bridge,一个表示“弥合差距”,一个表示“搭建沟通的桥梁”,都不是我们最熟悉的“桥”的意思。这就是高考英语中反复考查的熟词生义现象——你以为认识的词,在真实语境中却悄悄变了“面孔”。 今天,我们就来把 bridge 这个词彻底吃透。 bridge /brɪdʒ/ 1. [C] 桥 The bridge connects the two sides of the river. 2. [C] 起联系作用的事物;桥梁;纽带 Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries. 3. [C, usually sing.](舰船的)驾驶台;船桥;舰桥 The bridge of the ship was damaged in the storm. 4. [U] 桥牌 He played a bridge hand with his friends. 5. the ~ of sb's nose [sing.] 鼻梁 6. [C](眼镜的)鼻梁架 / 琴马 / (固定的)假牙;齿桥 [VN] 在……上架桥;弥合,消除(分歧/隔阂) 动词用法有两种含义: · 具体含义——架桥: Thevalley was originally bridged by the Romans. · 抽象含义——弥合,消除(这是高考最爱考的含义!): Thedifferences between our two cultures can be bridged if we continue to communicate. bridge the gap/gulf/divide (between A and B) 消除(甲、乙间的)隔阂/鸿沟/分歧 这个搭配是高考的“常客”,下面的真题可以帮你直观感受它的考查方式。 真题1:This is a movie with the theme of family, which is sure to ______ the generation gap between you and your parents. A. widen B. leave C. remain D. bridge ✅ 答案:D。根据“the generation gap”可知,此处指“弥合”代沟,应用bridge。 真题2(2026年山西高考):The new policy aims to ______ the gap between the rich and the poor. ✅ 答案:bridge。bridge the gap 是固定搭配,意为“弥合差距/消除隔阂”。 真题3:It took unusual determination and courage ______ the gap between the middle class and the poor. A. bridged B. to bridge C. bridge D. bridging ✅ 答案:B。考查“It takes + 名词 + to do sth.”句型。 2023年全国乙卷是 bridge 作为动词的经典考查: Beijing is a city ______ (bridge) the ancient and the modern. ✅ 答案:bridging 解析:北京是一座连接古代与现代的城市。bridge 在此是动词,意为“把……连接起来”,用动词-ing形式作后置定语。 这道题精准击中了学生的薄弱点——很多人看到 bridge 只知道名词“桥”,不知道它还能作动词,更不知道它还有“连接、弥合”的抽象含义。 必修二 UNIT 3:bridge the digital divide “bridge the digital divide”中的 bridge 是动词,divide 是名词,意为“差距、鸿沟”。整个短语的意思是“弥合数字鸿沟”。 教材原句:She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. 选必二 UNIT 2:Bridging Cultures 标题中的 Bridging 是 bridge 的动名词形式,意为“沟通、连接”。Bridging Cultures 即“沟通文化”或“搭建文化桥梁”。 从“bridge the digital divide”到“Bridging Cultures”,bridge 始终传递着同一个核心精神:消除隔阂,建立连接。 · bridge the gap/gulf/divide → 弥合差距/鸿沟/分歧 · bridge the distance → 缩短距离 · bridge differences → 消除分歧 · bridge cultures → 沟通文化 · The gap between us can be bridged if we continue to communicate.(被动语态) · It is highly important to bridge the digital divide.(It is + adj. + to do 句型) 当选项中出现 bridge 时,要判断语境中是否涉及“消除隔阂、弥合差距”的含义。常见干扰项有 widen(加宽/扩大)、break(打破)、fill(填满)等。 从一个简单的“桥”,到“弥合差距”“沟通文化”“连接古今”,bridge 这个词的语义演变本身就完美诠释了它的含义——它在不同的语境之间架起了一座桥,让看似遥远的含义彼此连接。 这正是高考英语熟词生义考查的精髓:不是要你背更多的新词,而是要你深入理解已知词汇的多种用法。下次在考场上遇到 bridge,不要只想到那座横跨河流的桥,想一想它背后的“连接”与“弥合”——你会发现,这个单词远比你想象的能打。