每日真题(008期)|2025高考阅读D篇:烧水过滤,居然能去除水中微塑料!(附精讲)

标签：#高考英语 #阅读理解 #真题精讲 #每日真题💡导语：本篇为高考高频科普说明文，聚焦生活热点话题——水中微塑料污染，讲解了简单高效的净水方法、净水效果的影响因素以及未来治理方向。文章贴近生活、生词适中、题型经典，涵盖例证手法、细节定位、推理判断、观点态度四大高考必考题型，适合高三精读刷题、积累科普话题词汇。

📖英文原文

Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.

Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.

Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.

Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.

Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”

📝全文翻译

微塑料已成为全球普遍的污染源——它们遍布深海与喜马拉雅山脉，附着在火山岩中，充斥海鸟的胃部，甚至飘落至南极的纯净积雪中。如今，微塑料甚至已经出现在人类体内。

如今，一项新研究发现，一种简单、低成本的方法可以大幅降低自来水中的微塑料含量：煮沸并过滤自来水。周三发表在《环境科学与技术快报》上的一项中国研究表明，将自来水煮沸五分钟，冷却后进行过滤，至少可以去除水中80%的微塑料。

关键在于，这种净水方式需要水中含有足量碳酸钙来吸附微塑料。研究显示，煮沸每升含300毫克碳酸钙的硬水，微塑料去除率接近90%。但对于碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的水样，煮沸仅能去除25%的微塑料。此外，该研究并未覆盖所有塑料种类，研究团队仅针对聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯三种常见塑料展开实验，并未研究水中此前检测出的氯乙烯等其他化学物质。

尽管存在局限，但这项研究为减少微塑料暴露风险提供了可行思路，而微塑料污染治理的难度正与日俱增。

科学家今年早些时候发现，即便是瓶装水，其含有的微塑料数量也比原先预估的多出10至1000倍。科学家仍在探究微塑料的具体危害，但目前已知的危害已经引发了人们的担忧。这项新研究证明，煮沸自来水可以有效减少人体对微塑料的摄入。苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特·林赛（未参与本次研究）在接受《新科学家》采访时表示：“该研究展示的煮沸吸附微塑料的原理十分出色。我们应当着手升级自来水处理厂，实现微塑料的专项去除。”

📚题目解析

32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?作者在第一段通过什么方式引出话题？

定位第一段：they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.作者列举了深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟体内、南极积雪等多个场景，证明微塑料污染遍布全球，属于举例论证。

A. By quoting an expert. 引用专家观点（无中生有）

B. By defining a concept. 下定义（未解释微塑料概念）

C. By giving examples. 举例说明 ✅

D. By providing statistics. 给出数据（第一段无具体数据）

答案：C

33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?什么因素决定了水中微塑料的吸附去除效果？

定位第三段：this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate... boiling hard water... led to an almost 90 percent drop... low calcium carbonate, only 25 percent.碳酸钙含量决定净水效果，而碳酸钙含量高低对应水质软硬，硬水碳酸钙含量高，净水效果好，软水反之。核心影响因素为水质硬度。

A. The hardness of water. 水质硬度 ✅

B. The length of cooling time. 冷却时长（文中未提及）

C. The frequency of filtering. 过滤次数（无中生有）

D. The type of plastic in water. 水中塑料种类（研究仅局限三种塑料，但并非效果差异的原因）

答案：A

34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?作者在第四段提及瓶装水，意在说明什么？

定位第四段：a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water... contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.连大众认为干净的瓶装水都含有远超预期的微塑料，以此凸显微塑料污染问题十分严峻、无处不在，治理难度极大。

A. The importance of plastic recycling. 塑料回收的重要性（无关话题）

B. The severity of the microplastic problem. 微塑料问题的严重性 ✅

C. The danger in overusing pure water. 过度饮用纯净水的危害（无中生有）

答案：B

35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?Gauchotte-Lindsay 的建议针对什么？

定位最后一段：We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.她肯定了本次研究的方法，同时建议升级自来水处理厂，将研究成果落地应用，属于研究成果的潜在应用方向。

A. Choice of new research methods. 新研究方法的选择（未提及更换研究方法）

B. Possible direction for further study. 后续研究方向（并非继续研究，而是落地应用）

C. Need to involve more researchers. 吸纳更多研究人员（无中生有）

D. Potential application of the findings. 研究成果的潜在应用 ✅答案：D

🔤重点单词 & 短语

1. microplastic n. 微塑料

2. settle v. 沉降，定居

3. significantly adv. 显著地

4. filter v. 过滤 n. 过滤器

5. crucially adv. 关键地，至关重要地

6. trap v. 吸附，困住，截留

7. hard water 硬水

8. sample n. 样本，样品

9. additionally adv. 此外，另外

10. potential adj. 潜在的 n. 潜力

11. exposure n. 暴露，接触

12. determine v. 测定，确定，查明

13. raise concerns 引发担忧

14. intake n. 摄入，摄取量

15. demonstrate v. 证明，展示，演示

16. look into 调查，研究，着手处理

17. upgrade v. 升级，改良

18. treatment plant 处理厂，净化厂

🧩长难句解析

句1原句：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.翻译：微塑料已成为全球普遍的污染源——它们遍布深海与喜马拉雅山脉，附着在火山岩中，充斥海鸟的胃部，甚至飘落至南极的纯净积雪中。

句式拆解：

1. 主句主干：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution 微塑料成为普遍污染源；

2. 破折号后并列四个谓语结构：have settled / (have) stuck / (have) filled / (have) fallen，省略重复助动词，罗列微塑料的分布场景；

3. 句式作用：通过并列短句举例，直观体现微塑料污染的全球性。

✅ 句式类型：主句 + 破折号并列谓语举例句

句2原句：In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.翻译：周三发表在《环境科学与技术快报》上的一项中国研究表明，将自来水煮沸五分钟，冷却后进行过滤，至少可以去除水中80%的微塑料。

句式拆解：

1. 状语：In a study published... 过去分词作后置定语修饰study；

2. 主句主干：researchers found that... 主谓宾结构，that引导宾语从句；

3. 宾语从句主语：boiling tap water... then filtering it... 两个动名词短语并列作主语；

4. 插入语 after it cools 作时间状语，补充过滤时机。

✅ 句式类型：分词状语 + 主句 + that宾语从句（动名词并列作主语）

句3原句：Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.翻译：尽管存在局限，但这项研究为减少微塑料暴露风险提供了可行思路，而微塑料污染治理的难度正与日俱增。

句式拆解：

1. Still 副词作让步状语，表转折；

2. 主句主干：the findings show a potential path forward；

3. 破折号后同位语 a task 指代前文“reducing microplastic exposure”；

4. that’s becoming increasingly difficult 定语从句修饰task。

✅ 句式类型：转折状语 + 主句 + 同位语 + 限制性定语从句

✍️文末小记本篇是典型的科普类高考阅读，命题规律极强：开篇举例引话题、中段讲研究细节与局限、后段讲现实意义与专家建议。

解题核心技巧：

1. 写作手法题：牢记举例、下定义、引用、列数据四大必考方式；

2. 细节因果题：重点抓取文中 rely on 这类因果标志词；

3. 例证作用题：例子永远服务于前后主旨句。

📌下期预告：每日真题（009期）持续更新高考阅读精析，跟着打卡稳步提分！觉得有用，欢迎点赞、在看、转发给身边高三同学！