外刊文章题型改编22

★小试牛刀：

Dogs can____1____ a telltale scent linked to epileptic seizures, scientists have discovered, raising the possibility that they could be trained to____2____ warn owners when a seizure is imminent.

The findings may also help explain anecdotal reports that dogs are able to sense when their owner is about to have a seizure. Knowing when a seizure is going to occur could allow people with epilepsy to have greater control and independence, meaning they could take measures to avoid injury, seek help or take medication.

Amélie Catala, of the University of Rennes in France and the paper’s first author, said: “At the moment there are anecdotes that some people report dogs alert them before a seizure, but we don’t have any strong evidence in the scientific____3____.”

She said it was also unclear whether, in such cases, the dogs relied on ____4____ cues or subtle changes in behaviour or smell and whether the cues were the same from one person to the next. In the latest study, ____5____ in the journal Scientific Reports, Catala and colleagues wanted to test whether specially trained dogs could ____6____ breath and body odour samples taken from epileptic patients during a seizure from samples taken during normal conditions and following an exercise session. Before the testing____7____, the dogs were trained to target seizure samples. They were then tested using samples taken from five patients with different forms of epilepsy.

The dogs’ ability to detect positives ranged from 67% to 100%, while their ability to____8____identify negatives ranged from 95% to 100%. The results suggest that seizures are ____9____ with certain ____10____ odours, regardless of the type of seizure or the background body odour of the patient.

★原文参考：

Dogs can detect a telltale scent linked to epileptic seizures, scientists have discovered, raising the possibility that they could be trained to reliably warn owners when a seizure is imminent.

The findings may also help explain anecdotal reports that dogs are able to sense when their owner is about to have a seizure. Knowing when a seizure is going to occur could allow people with epilepsy to have greater control and independence, meaning they could take measures to avoid injury, seek help or take medication.

Amélie Catala, of the University of Rennes in France and the paper’s first author, said: “At the moment there are anecdotes that some people report dogs alert them before a seizure, but we don’t have any strong evidence in the scientific literature.”

She said it was also unclear whether, in such cases, the dogs relied on visual cues or subtle changes in behaviour or smell and whether the cues were the same from one person to the next. In the latest study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, Catala and colleagues wanted to test whether specially trained dogs could distinguish breath and body odour samples taken from epileptic patients during a seizure from samples taken during normal conditions and following an exercise session. Before the testing sessions, the dogs were trained to target seizure samples. They were then tested using samples taken from five patients with different forms of epilepsy.

The dogs’ ability to detect positives ranged from 67% to 100%, while their ability to correctly identify negatives ranged from 95% to 100%. The results suggest that seizures are associated with certain specific odours, regardless of the type of seizure or the background body odour of the patient.

★译文参考：

科学家发现，狗狗可以闻出和癫痫发作相关的特征气味，这意味着我们有望训练狗狗，在癫痫即将发作时可靠提醒主人。

该发现也可以解释坊间传闻：狗狗能感知主人即将癫痫发作。如果能够预知发作时间，癫痫患者可以拥有更强的自主掌控能力，提前采取措施避免受伤、求助或者服药。

法国雷恩大学的论文第一作者艾米丽·卡塔拉说：“目前有不少传闻，人们说狗狗会在癫痫发作前预警，但是科学文献里还没有强有力的证据。”

她说，之前也不清楚这种情况下，狗狗依靠的是视觉信号、主人细微的行为变化，还是气味；而且每个人的信号是否一样也未知。这项发表在《Scientific Reports》的新研究里，卡塔拉和团队想要测试：经过专门训练的狗狗，能不能区分癫痫患者发作时、正常状态、运动之后采集的呼吸和体味样本。正式测试前，狗狗先训练识别发作样本。测试样本来自5名不同类型癫痫的患者。

狗狗识别阳性（发作样本）的准确率67%–100%，识别阴性（正常样本）准确率95%–100%。结果说明：癫痫发作会伴随特定气味，和癫痫类型、患者本身基础体味无关。

★长句分解：

In the latest study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, Catala and colleagueswanted to testwhether specially trained dogs could distinguish breath and body odour samples (taken from epileptic patients during a seizure)from samples (taken during normal conditions and following an exercise session).

句子结构：状语，(study的)定语，主语+谓语+ whether 引导的宾语从句

地点状语：In the latest study

后置定语（修饰 study）：published in the journal Scientific Reports

主语：Catala and colleagues

谓语：wanted

宾语：to test（不定式作宾语）

whether 引导宾语从句（作 test 的宾语）：

whether specially trained dogs could distinguish breath and body odour samples taken from epileptic patients during a seizure from samples taken during normal conditions and following an exercise session.

·引导词：whether（是否）

·从句主语：specially trained dogs specially trained：过去分词作前置定语，修饰 dogs，“经过专门训练的”

·从句谓语：could distinguish

固定搭配：distinguish A from B把 A 和 B 区分开 

A = breath and body odour samples 

B = samples

A后的定语：taken from epileptic patients during a seizure during a seizure

B 后的定语：taken during normal conditions and following an exercise session 

答案：DAEFK  BGIHC

The way was long, and wrapped in gloom did seem, as I urged on to seek my vanished dream. ---- Yang Xianyi