外刊阅读搞定高考英语必备基本词汇07
Positive and Negative Role Models
主题：人与社会(社会服务与人际沟通)
As teens grow into young adulthood, they look to others for ways to respond to the challenges of life. Many studies have
shown that humans learn through modeling others. This is especially true during the teenage years.
We most often think of role models as people with outstanding qualities, including their abilities to inspire others, express
positive values, serve their communities, be selfless, and overcome obstacles. But it is important to understand that role models
can have positive or negative effects on young people.
Researchers have discovered why some teens are drawn to positive role models and others to negative ones.
Young people are more likely to be inspired by positive role models when they have growth mindsets. That is when they see
themselves as active learners and achievers who accomplish goals through hard work and perseverance. With this type of
mindset, young people will strive to achieve better versions of their selves. And they look toward adults to show them the way.
And there is a prevention mindset. When youth approach life with a desire to prevent or avoid disasters and negative
outcomes, they are more likely to be attracted to negative role models. Role models will help them learn avoidance strategies.
These strategies might include cheating on tests or using alcohol to escape life challenges.
Positive role models inspire young people by modeling a guide to achieving success. They outline a clear path for
achieving goals and a sense of self-worth. Youth with a growth mindset are likely to follow these types of positive role models.
Negative role models also motivate young people, but in different ways than positive ones.They do so by guiding youth
toward strategies for avoiding failure. They often have a deep personal fear of failure and have found various coping
mechanisms and strategies to avoid misfortune at all costs. Young people who have developed a prevention mindset are likely to
find these types of role models helpful because they share similar fears.
一、阅读练习
1.According to the article,what kind of mindset makes young people more likely to be inspired by positive role models?
A.A fixed mindset. B.A growth mindset. C.A passive mindset. D.A prevention mindset.
2.Why do some young people look up to negative role models?
A.They want to improve themselves. B.They admire their kindness and generosity.
C.They want to achieve success through hard work. D.They want to avoid failure and negative outcomes.
3.What does the underlined phrase“coping mechanisms”in the last paragraph most likely mean?
A.Tools for physical training. B.Methods to deal with problems.
C.Strategies for social networking. D.Ways to improve learning efficiency.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Teenagers do not need role models to grow.
B.Most teenagers are naturally drawn to positive role models.
C.Positive role models always have a stronger influence than negative ones.
D.Role models can have both positive and negative effects on young people.
二、词汇学习
adulthood n.成年,成年时期
例Is there a cut-off point between childhood and adulthood?童年与成年之间有分界线吗?
model n.模型;典范,榜样;模特v.将……做成模型；把……当成榜样
例Young athletes often model themselves on their sports heroes.年轻的运动员常常以他们的体育英雄为榜样。
true adj.真实的;正确的;真正的
例Finding true happiness often requires self-reflection and meaningful connections with others.
要找到真正的幸福，通常需要自我反思和与他人建立有意义的联系。
拓truth n.事实,真相
teenage n.青少年时期adj.青少年的
例She started writing songs during her teenage years and dreamed of becoming a singer.
她在青少年时期开始写歌，并梦想成为一名歌手。
role n.角色;地位;职能
搭play a role in 在……中起作用
例I'll continue to play a role in passing the ancient skill on.我将继续发挥作用,将这一古老的技能传承下去。
拓role-play v.角色扮演
outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
例These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability.这些成果进一步证明了他的杰出才干。
拓outstandingly adv.出色地
inspire v.激励;启发思考
搭inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事
例Her dedication to volunteer work inspired many classmates to join community service.
她对志愿工作的奉献精神激励了许多同学参与社区服务。
拓inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
serve v.为……工作;接待;服务
例During summer vacations,many college students serve customers in cafes to gain work experience.
暑假期间,许多大学生在咖啡馆接待顾客以积累工作经验。
拓servant n.仆人
selfless adj.无私的
例During the pandemic,many healthcare workers made selfless sacrifices to protect others.
疫情期间，许多医护人员无私奉献以保护他人。
拓selfish adj.自私的
obstacle n.阻碍,障碍,绊脚石
例Overcoming the obstacle of self-doubt is the first step to achieving success.克服自我怀疑的障碍是迈向成功的第一步。
draw v.绘画;吸引,使注意
搭be drawn to 被……吸引
例Patients draw their emotions as abstract shapes and colors.患者将自己的情绪画成抽象的图形和颜色。
拓drawing n.图画,绘画
mindset n.观念模式,思维倾向
例Adopting a positive mindset enables employees to solve problems before they escalate.
采取积极的思维模式能让员工在问题升级前就将其解决。
goal n.球门;目标
搭set a goal 设一个目标
例Breaking down big goals into smaller tasks makes them more manageable.将大目标分解成小任务,可以让它们变得更好管理。
achieve v.达到,取得;实现
例There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals.有很多人会努力工作来实现这些目标。
拓achievement n.成绩,成就 achievable adj.可实现的
prevention n.预防,防止,防范
例Regular dental check-ups are essential for the prevention of gum disease.定期牙科检查对于预防牙龈疾病至关重要。
avoid v.避免,防止
搭avoid doing sth.避免做某事
例Smart investors avoid putting all their money into a single stock to reduce risk.
精明的投资者避免把所有资金投入同一只股票以降低风险。
拓avoidable adj.可避免的
disaster n.灾难,灾祸
例The earthquake was a disaster,destroying entire neighborhoods within minutes.这场地震是一场灾难,几分钟内就摧毁了整个街
区
拓disastrous adj.灾难性的
cheat n.骗子,欺骗手段v.欺骗;作弊
搭cheat on 欺骗;对……不忠;作弊
例The dishonest salesman tried to cheat customers by altering the product's expiration dates.
不诚实的销售员通过篡改产品保质期来欺骗顾客。
alcohol n.酒精饮料;酒精
例Drinking too much alcohol can lead to serious health problems.过量饮酒可能导致严重的健康问题。
拓alcoholic adj.含酒精的
outline n.概要,轮廓线v.概述,论述；勾勒
例The professor outlined the main points of the lecture before diving into the details.
教授在深入讲解细节之前概述了讲座的要点。
path n.小路,小径;路线,道路ː
例The narrow mountain path required careful footing as it wound through steep cliffs.
狭窄的山路蜿蜒穿过陡峭的悬崖，需要小心行走。
youth n.青少年时期,青春;青年人
例The summer camp can build confidence and teamwork in youth.这个夏令营能够培养青少年的信心和团队合作能力。
拓young adj.年轻的,幼小的
motivate v.成为……的动机；激励，激发
搭motivate sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事
例Her inspiring speech motivated the students to work harder toward their goals.
她鼓舞人心的演讲激励了学生们更加努力地朝着目标前进。
拓motivation n.动力,诱因motivated adj.有动机的
personal adj.个人的;私人的;个性的
例She values personal space and quiet time to recharge after social events.
她重视个人空间和独处时间，以便在社交活动后恢复精力。
拓personalize v.使个性化
misfortune n.厄运,不幸
例The family's sudden misfortune taught them the true value of community support.
这个家庭突然遭遇的不幸让他们认识到社区支持的真正价值。
拓fortune n.机会,运气;大量财产
similar adj.相似的,类似的
搭be similar to 与……相似
例The twins have similar tastes in music but completely different fashion styles.这对双胞胎在音乐品味上相似,但时尚风格完全不
同。
拓similarity n.相似性,相似点
三、词汇练习
I.Complete each sentence with the proper form of a given word.
adulthoodobstacle outstanding
prevention
teenage true
1. comes with many responsibilities.
2.Her performance was nothing short of .
3.His intentions were revealed over time.
4.Climbing that mountain was a huge to overcome.
5. is always better than cure when it comes to health.
6.The years are often full of confusion and discovery.
II.Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.
A.achieve B.disaster C.goal D.inspire E.misfortune F.mindset G.personal H.path I.selfless J.serve
Volunteering is a powerful way to make a positive impact in your community.Many people are affected by the idea of
helping others without expecting anything in return.By offering your time and effort,you can
1
those in need and contribute
to a larger cause.Volunteering not only helps others,but it also provides
2
growth and satisfaction.
When you volunteer,you often face different challenges that test your patience,skills,and determination.However,with the
right
3
,you will grow from these experiences.Some volunteers may initially feel unsure about the tasks,but over time,they
4
a sense of fulfillment as they learn new things and contribute to a team.
The
5
to becoming an effective volunteer may not always be smooth.You might encounter setbacks or even
6
along the way,but it's important to stay focused on the bigger picture.The rewards are worth the effort.Through volunteering,you
strengthen your emotional connections with others.
Volunteering is about setting a(n)
7
to help those around you,whether it's supporting a community event or working in
a shelter.The
8
nature of volunteering means you put others’ needs before your own,which can be incredibly rewarding.
In addition,volunteering allows you to support people who are experiencing a(n)
9
like earthquake or other difficult
situations.Whether it's through providing food to those in need or offering a listening ear,your actions can make a significant
difference.Sometimes,the simple act of being there for someone can
10
them to keep going.
Overall,volunteering is about more than just giving——it's about learning,growing,and making a meaningful difference in
the lives of others.
