专题07 动词时态语态2（过去时）（知识清单）
目录导航
01 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系
02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点
考点一 一般过去时
知识点1 一般过去时基本用法
知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法
考点二 过去进行时
知识点1 过去进行时基本用法
知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法
考点三 过去完成时
知识点1 过去完成时基本用法
知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法
考点四 过去将来时
知识点1 过去将来时基本用法
知识点2 过去将来时拓展用法
考点五 过去将来完成时
知识点1 过去将来完成时构成
知识点2 过去将来完成时用法
03 优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用
高考真题（过去时）
名校模拟（过去时）
写作升格（过去时,26 真题素
材）
知识脑图·核心脉络搭建
考点深研·知能分层突破
考点一 一般过去时
知识点1 一般过去时基本用法
1. 一般过去时表示_______________________________，如yesterday, last week, in 2024。
In 2024, engineers built smart farms with automatic watering and temperature systems.
2024 年，工程师搭建配备自动灌溉温控系统的智慧农场。
Yesterday, the master taught us how to paint elegant Chinese ink landscape paintings.
昨天，老师傅教我们绘制雅致的中国水墨山水画。
2.一般过去时表示_______________________________，常与often 等频度副词连用。
My grandma often made sweet rice cakes for us during every Lunar New Year in my childhood.
儿时每逢新年，奶奶总会给我们蒸香甜的年糕。
Scientists used to record all experiment data in paper notebooks before digital tools appeared.
数码工具普及前，科学家都用纸本记录全部实验数据。
3. 一般过去时用于并列句“_______________________________”句型。
Engineers adjusted machines and tested new energy parts to raise production efficiency last year.
去年工程师调试机器，测试新能源配件以提升生产效率。
We watched the rocket launch live and discussed space exploration knowledge together last summer.
去年夏天我们观看火箭发射直播，一同探讨太空探索知识。
知识点2 一般过去时拓展用法
1. I wish that…表示“我倒希望……”，从句_______________________________用一般过去时。
I wish that I owned an advanced intelligent environmental detector.
我倒希望我拥有一台先进的智能环境检测仪。
I wish that I studied space physics with professional aerospace experts.
我倒希望我和专业航天专家学习太空物理。
2. It is (high) time that…表示“早该……”，从句用_______________________________。
It is high time that we explored new ways of green energy development.
我们早该探索新能源发展的全新路径。
It is high time that we should pay attention to aerospace scientific research.
我们早该重视航天领域的科学研究。
3. I would rather that…表示“我倒宁愿……”，_______________________________均用一般过去时。
I would rather that I grasped advanced AI technology for cultural relic protection.
我倒宁愿掌握用于文物保护的先进人工智能技术。
I would rather that I visited ancient craft museums during the next trip.
我倒宁愿下次出行去参观传统手工艺博物馆。
4. If only…表示“要是……该多好！”，从句_______________________________用一般过去时。
If only I communicated face to face with professional space researchers.
要是我能和专业航天科研人员面对面交流该多好。
If only I mastered AI technology to repair damaged cultural relics.
要是我掌握人工智能修复破损文物的技术该多好。
5. If 虚拟条件句与_______________________________，从句用一般过去时。
If he were here now, he could explain rocket basic theories clearly.
如果他此刻在场，就能清晰讲解火箭基础理论。
If we had green energy tech, we might cut industrial pollution greatly.
如果我们掌握清洁能源技术，或许能大幅减少工业污染。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（25-26 高三下·江苏南京·期末）Last year the company (profit) significantly from the rising
demand for electric vehicles.
2．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.
They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared
many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
3．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary ( 传奇的) artist, they smiled and
(point) down the river.
4．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
5．（25-26 高三上·河南南阳·阶段检测）I should have finished my assignment on time, but I (be) busy
with other things the other day.
6．（25-26 高三·北京·一轮复习）One day when a group of bees (land) on a primary school, not
surprisingly, there was panic among the teachers.
7．（25-26 高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·开学考试）When the chemist opened the door, he (greet) by a
scene of confusion.
8．（25-26 高三下·江苏南京·期中）Originally, they (plan) to drive to the countryside for a holiday, but
this was put off because of extreme weather.
9．（25-26 高三·全国·寒假作业）Gatera has been concentrating on learning food crop planting techniques in
China since he (come) to China for his master’s and doctoral studies in 2019.
10 ．（25-26 高三· 全国· 二轮复习）It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and
(enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology.
考点二 过去进行时
知识点1 过去进行时基本用法
1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，往往有明确时间状语at 7:00 last night。其基本形式为
“_______________________________”。
At 7:00 last night, the scientist was doing medical experiments.
昨晚七点，这位科学家正在做医学实验。
I called her, but she was recording experimental data.
我给她打电话时，她正在记录实验数据。
2. 过去进行时可描述_______________________________，强调动作全程持续的状态，不强调动作是
否完成。
We were sorting experimental data together the whole afternoon yesterday.
昨天整个下午我们都在一起整理实验数据。
The female scientist was collecting plant samples all day yesterday.
昨天一整天，这位女科学家都在采集植物样本。
知识点2 过去进行时拓展用法
1. go, come, leave 等瞬间动词用于_______________________________。
Tu Youyou was leaving the lab when I met her yesterday.
昨天我遇见屠呦呦时，她正要离开实验室。
The expert was coming to share space research at that time.
那时这位专家马上要来分享航天研究成果。
2．过去进行时与as, when, while 等状语从句呼应，表示_______________________________。
As they were discussing plans, a researcher rushed into the lab.
他们正在讨论方案，一名研究员冲进了实验室。
She was reading papers when her partner brought new samples.
她正在研读文献，搭档送来了新样本。
3. 频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与过去进行时连用时，通过重复的动作传递
_______________________________，如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。
She was constantly staying up late to finish medical experiments.
她那时候总熬夜完成医学实验。（敬佩）
The old machine was continually breaking down during our research.
那台旧仪器做研究时总出故障。（烦躁）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）At this time last week, we (lie) on the beach enjoying the sunshine.
2．（2026 高二下·福建泉州·专题练习）We (shelter) from the rain at the entrance of a shop when
someone handed us an umbrella.
3．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）At two o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father (work) in the
vegetable garden.
4．（26-27 高三·上海·初升高衔接）Bill had just finished my work and (start) to have a rest.
5．（25-26 高三·广东·学业考试复习）While I (prepare) dinner last night, my brother (call) to
tell me about his new job.
考点三 过去完成时
知识点1 过去完成时基本用法
1.表示_______________________________，核心是“_______________________________”。常与by
2023, bt the end of last month, by the time...等连用。
By the end of last month, farmers had planted thousands of improved rice seedlings.
到上月末，农户们已经栽种了数千株改良水稻秧苗。
By the time the spaceship took off, researchers had completed all technical checks.
飞船升空时，科研人员早已完成全部技术检测。
2.与before, until, when 连用，表示_______________________________。
I had finished all homework before my mother came back.
妈妈回来前，我就写完了所有作业。
The film had already started when we got to the cinema.
我们到电影院时，电影已经开场了。
知识点2 过去完成时拓展用法
1. intend, mean, plan 等动词过去完成时可以用来表示_______________________________，意为
“_______________________________”。
We had planned to go hiking, but it rained all day.
我们原本计划去徒步，结果下了一整天雨。
I had intended to visit you, but I fell ill suddenly.
我本来打算去看你，可我突然生病了。
2. It was the first time that…句型that 从句用_______________________________。
It was the second time that he had failed the driving test.
那是他第二次驾照考试失利。
It was the first time that I had seen such a wonderful movie.
当时那是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。
3. hardly…when…和no sooner… than…句型_______________________________，表示“刚一……
就”。
No sooner had we set off than a strong wind came.
我们刚出发就刮起大风。
She had hardly finished the work when the bell rang.
It is the first time that....句型表示“第一次……”，从句用_______________________________。
It is the first time that this robot has finished independent space testing.
这是该机器人首次完成独立太空测试。
It was the last time that we had toured the aerospace exhibition.
那是我们最后一次参观这场航天展。
她刚做完工作，铃声就响了。
4. If 虚拟条件句表示与_______________________________时，常用过去完成时。
If she had caught the train, she wouldn’t have missed the meeting.
她要是赶上那趟火车，就不会错过会议了。
Had we set out earlier, we wouldn’t have been late.
我们要是早点出发，就不会迟到了。
5. I wish that…, If only…, I’d rather that…等从句表示与_______________________________，常用
用过去完成时。
I wish that we had launched that new space telescope years ago.
我真希望我们多年前就发射那台新型太空望远镜。
If only we had recorded all traditional crafts with high-definition video back then.
要是我们当年用高清影像记录下全部传统手工艺就好了。
I’d rather that they had fixed the satellite before its launch.
我真希望他们在发射前修好这颗卫星。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）She said that she (finish) her homework before nine o’clock the
night before.
1.该句型when 或than 前是主句，用_____________；
2.No sooner 或者Hardly 位于句首，主句用_________________。
The opera performance had no sooner ended than warm applause burst out.
=No sooner had the opera performance ended than warm applause burst out.
戏曲表演刚结束热烈的掌声就响了起来。
I’d rather that....从句表示与现在或将来事实相反，都用_______________。
I’d rather that more young people loved traditional Chinese paintings. （与现在事实相反）
我希望现在更多年轻人喜爱中国传统国画。
I’d rather that new aircraft carried more cultural exhibits abroad. （与将来事实相反）
我希望新型客机将来运送更多文物出国展出。
2．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）It was the first time that I (eat) such delicious Chinese food.
3．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）By the time I walked into the bookstore, my friend (buy) the last
copy of that novel.
4．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）He (serve) in the army for ten years before he worked in the
company.
5．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）He (plan) to attend the youth forum, but he missed the train.
6．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）She smiled as if nothing (happen), though she was very sad
inside.
7．（24-25 高三·全国·一轮复习）I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
8．（26-27 高二上·全国·课后作业）When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them. He
explained how he (witness) the strange man entering their house and how he was arrested.
9．（25-26 高二下·全国·课后作业）This is the first time that he (take) part in an international youth
writing competition.
10．（26-27 高二·全国·暑假作业）The young man (panic) when he saw the drowning child in the
river.
考点四 过去将来时
知识点1 过去将来时基本用法
“should/would +动词原形”表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。其基本
形式为“_______________________________”。
He told us the AI machine would repair damaged digital cultural files.
他告诉我们这台人工智能设备会修复受损数字文化档案。
The guide promised he would show us ancient embroidery works next morning.
导游承诺次日早上会带我们观赏古代刺绣作品。
知识点2 过去将来时基本用法
1. was/were about to do…when…表示“_______________________________”。
He was about to save the data when the computer shut down.
他正要保存数据，电脑突然关机了。
They were about to put on the shadow play when heavy rain poured down.
他们正要上演皮影戏，这时大雨倾盆而下。
2. go, come leave 等动词的_______________________________。
The artists were leaving for the ancient town to collect folk art materials.
艺术家们正要动身前往古镇搜集民间艺术素材。
The astronaut told us he was flying to the space station the next day.
宇航员告诉我们他次日就要飞往空间站。
3. was/were to do 强调_______________________________，意为“将要做某事”。
The team was to send a new satellite into space the next month.
团队原定次月发射一颗新型卫星。
They were to hold a national ancient craft exhibition in the city hall.
他们原定在市政厅举办全国传统手工艺展。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（25-26 高三下·北京西城·阶段检测）The local government announced that they (build) a new
nature reserve in the mountain area the next year.
2．（25-26 高一上·江苏无锡·期末）Mike was aware of his mistake and promised that he (devote) to
his duty.
3．（25-26 高三上·山西太原·期末）Linda was about (start) telling her story when the phone rang.
4．（25-26 高三上·山东济南·期末）I heard the trip (be) to visit our sister school in Boston. That
excited me.
5．（23-24 高一上·上海·阶段检测）I didn’t know when she (come), but when she (come), I
would let you know.
考点五 过去将来完成时
知识点1 过去将来完成时的构成
过去将来完成时的基本形式为“_______________________________”。
If she had saved the AI files, she would not have lost all research data.
倘若她当时保存人工智能文件，就不会丢失全部研究资料。
知识点2 过去将来完成时的用法
过去将来完成时(_______________________________)表示立足于过去某一时间，描述到那个时间点之
后的某个将来时刻，动作早已完成，多用于虚拟语气。
If we had backed up the data, we would have saved those ancient cultural records.
要是我们当初备份数据，本就能保住那些古籍资料。
Had they tested the rocket fully, they would have avoided the launch failure.
倘若他们完整检测火箭，本可以避免发射失败。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (not write) his
famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
2．（25-26 高三·全国·二轮复习）Without your help, we (fail) the exam last week.
3．（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）If they had driven more kilometers, they (find) a better hotel.
4 ．（25-26 高三· 全国· 一轮复习）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they
(accomplish) the task in half the time.
5．（25-26 高二下·江苏南京·阶段检测）I (realize) the experience that I was heading for was
anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully.
优题精练·专题实战通关
高考真题分类精炼（过去时态）
1.（2026 全国一卷）As transportation and communication ___________ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it
was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities.
2.（2025 北京卷）Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you ___________ (make)
several decisions even without noticing.
3.（2025 北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over
1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
4. (2025 天津3 月卷）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A. have printed
B. had printed
C. have been printed
D. had been printed
5. (2025 天津6 月卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who awarded for their extraordinary
contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
6. (2025 天津6 月卷）The Song Dynasty the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly the world’s
first paper money.
A. has seen
B. had seen
C. sees
D. saw
7. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
8.（2024 浙江1 月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
9.（2024 新课标II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo
and Juliet.”
10. （2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion,
____________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
11.（2023 新课标II 卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
12.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
13.（2023 北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was
greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
14.（2023 北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to
find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
15.（2022 新课标I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
16.（2022 新课标II 卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
17.（2022 北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her
wallet!
18.（2021 浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
19.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
20.（2021 全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky but did the job.
21. （2020 全国I 卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese
moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
名校模拟分类精炼（过去时态）
1．（广东东莞市2025-2026 学年第二学期教学质量自查高二英语试卷）The precious oil painting by
Monet from the 19th century _________ (restore) by a professional team last month.
2．（25-26 高三·北京·三轮复习）When I left the U.S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet _________
(pack) with cash and credit cards.
3．（25-26 高三·北京·三轮复习）I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I _________ (fire)
and had a tough job search.
4．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming
party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
5．（26-27 高三·江苏·初升高衔接）For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he
_________ (straighten) himself and began another circle.
6．（25-26 高一下·全国·课后作业）She _________ (fold) the letter carefully, her hands shaking a little,
wondering what news it would bring.
7．（25-26 高一上·河北石家庄·期中）He _________ (seek) to explain his idea clearly, but few people
in the audience could really understand him.
8．（25-26 高三·北京·一轮复习）When VR first _________ (appear) in flight simulators in 1929, it was
seen as a ground-breaking technology and was once expected to revolutionize education.
9．（时态—考点专练（北京版））During the early hard years, he _________ (conduct) research on
China’s nuclear submarine all year round.
10 ．（25-26 高三·全国·二轮复习）The project director, along with three key engineers, _________
(review) the final blueprints when the unexpected call came through.
11．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）When I got home, Mum _________ (cook) lunch in the kitchen.
12．（24-25 高三·全国·一轮复习）He throws his arms and legs out as if he _________ (fly), his eyes
wide with excitement.
13．（24-25 高二上·全国·课后作业）The two girls _________ (whisper) when the head teacher came in
from the backdoor.
14．（2026 高三上·河南鹤壁·专题练习）Henry tightened his grip on the rope, _________ (spare) no
effort to drag it, and managed to pull Ronny out of water.
15．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）He said he _________ (return) to his hometown the next month.
15.would return
16．（25-26 高三·全国·二轮复习）Named after a mythical dragon, Jiaolong is China’s first manned
deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers starting from 2002 and _________
(enter) service in 2010, making China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology.
17．（25-26 高一上·上海静安·阶段检测）It was the third time that he _________ (fail) the driving test,
which made him very frustrated.
18 ．（25-26 高三· 浙江· 学业考试复习）We _________ (intend) to take the morning train to the
countryside, but heavy rain forced us to change our plan.
19．（25-26 高三·广东·学业考试复习）Hardly _________ he arrived home when the phone rang.
20．（25-26 高三·广东·学业考试复习）My uncle _________ (work) as an engineer in this company for
10 years before he _________ (move) to Beijing last year.
重点语法写作升格（过去时态）
1. (2026 全国一卷)这对热心的夫妇立刻开车送她去当地车站，还帮她买好了车票。
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2. (2026 全国一卷)猛烈的暴风雨早已彻底停歇，街道上铺满了亮晶晶的白雪。
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2026 全国一卷)埃米莉登上火车，终于如愿以偿和男友团聚。
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2026 全国一卷)在当地警察与拖车司机的协助下，她的车成功从沟里拖了出来。
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2026 全国一卷)抵达后，她松了一口气，车子早已安稳停放，积雪也清理干净了。
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2026 全国一卷)他们友善地笑着，祝愿她一路平安到家。
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7. (2026 全国二卷)就在我的意志力快要崩溃时，医生严厉的话语在我脑海中回响。
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8. (2026 全国二卷)我一点点适应新作息的努力，终究有了回报。
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9. (2026 全国二卷)每当我想要放弃，诊所里那阵刺骨的寒意便再次席卷全身。
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10. (2026 浙江1 月卷)我正要转身逃跑，两名警察赶到了现场。
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