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专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气
考点
十年考情(2016-2025)
命题趋势
考点 情态动
词和虚拟语气
(10 年24
考)
推测用法(7 次):can/could/may/might +
do/have done(2021 天津卷C could drive)
许可/能力(4 次):can/could 表许可(2020 天
津卷B can stay)
后悔/批评(3 次):should/shouldn't + have done
(2020 天津卷D shouldn't have scolded)
过去虚拟:if + had done, 主句 + would have
done(2018 北京卷D had driven)
错综时间:if + had done, 主句 + would do
(2020 江苏卷C wouldn't be)
特殊句式(4 次):
wish + 过去时(2018 江苏卷A had)
It's strange that... should do(2018 江苏卷B
should have taken)
情态动词重点考查情态动词在语
境中的推测功能(如 can 表客观
可能、must 表肯定推
测、could/may 表过去可能),以
及情态动词 + have done 结构(对
过去行为的推测或评价)。
注重情态动词表 “允许、义务、
必要性” 的基本用法(如 can 表
许可、needn't 表不必),结合被
动语态的考查频率增加。
虚拟语气核心考点为 if 条件句的
虚拟(对过去、现在、将来的虚
拟),尤其侧重对过去的虚拟
(had done+would have done)和
错综时间虚拟句。
特殊句型中的虚拟语气(如 It's
strange that...、wish 后宾语从句)
考查频率稳定。
考点 情态动词和虚拟语气
2024 年
【2024 浙江1 月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more
if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat
them every day.
【41 题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包
装出售,那就更好了。动词offer 意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they 代指前文中的sausages。
在情态动词could 后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2022-2021 年
1.【2021 年天津卷第一次】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but
now there are houses and people everywhere.
A.need
B.should
C.could
D.must
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开了几英里,都没见过别人,但现在到处都是房子和人。
A. need 需要;B. should 应该,理应如此; C. could 可能,表示对客观可能性的推测;D. must 一定,必
须。根据前半句意思可知,表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
2.【2021 年天津卷第二次】 ---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A. may have made
B. should have made
C. couldnt have made
D. needn't have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:—老实说,我觉得我不会被录取。—唉,谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能
比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能;B.should have made 本应该做;C.couldnt have made 不可能做;
D.needn't have made 本不必做。根据句意可知,此处表示的是有可能,故选A。
2020 年
1.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry 与tomatoes 之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过
去分词作定语,故将frying 改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must 是情态动词,后接动词原形,to 多余,故将
to 去掉。
2.【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A.must
B.can
C.need
D.should
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须;
B. can 能,可以;C. need 需要;D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim
许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
3.【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A.must
B.should
C.mustn’t
D.shouldn't
【答案】D
【详解】考查情态动词+ have done。句意:你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟,他已经尽力了。
根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指做了本不该做的事,must have done 表示
对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测;should have done 表示应当做某事而实际上未做;mustn’t 不和have done
连用。故选D。
17. 【2020 年江苏卷】If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be
B. wouldn’t have been
C. wouldn’t be
D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知,
此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am 可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使
用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
2019 年
1.【2019 年江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had
B. will have
C. would have had
D. had had
31.C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快
时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语
+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。
2018 年
1.【2018 年北京卷】 In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a
company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据
丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C 选项正确。
其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要;should 应该,竟然;must 必须,肯定。
点睛:can 的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3. (表示允许,请
求)可以;4. (表示客观可能性)有时会。
2. 【2018 年北京卷】 They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they
might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分,
表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D 选项正确。
3.【2018 年江苏卷】 It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原
形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should 可以省略。故选B。
4. 【2018 年江苏卷】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本
题考查wish 引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
5.【2018 年天津卷】 I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,
但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday 可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据
后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。
6. 【2018 年天津卷】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据
时间状语yesterday 可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。
2017 年
1. 【2017 年北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ___________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. need
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须;B. should 应该;C. can 能;D. need 需要。句意:Samuel,我们班最高的男生,能
很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can,答案为C。
考点:考查情态动词
2. 【2017 年北京卷】If the new safety system ___________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put
B. were put
C. should be put
D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过
去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done 形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A 项是正确的。
3.【2017 年江苏卷】 ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her
difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】22. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be 动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if 省略,
同时把were/should/had 提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气和倒装
4.【2017 年天津卷】 My room is a mess, but I ___________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以早晨打扫。A. 不敢;B. 不应
该;C. 不需要;D. 禁止。根据句意,故选C。
考点:考查情态动词。
5. 【2017 年天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ___________ able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been
B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)
相当于一个if 引导的条件状语从句,由yesterday 可知本句对过去进行虚拟,由此可以判断出主句用
wouldn’t have done,故选B。
2016 年
1.【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
【答案】第二处:chose→choose 考查句中结构。情态动词后接动词原形故要把chose 改为choose。
2.【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
【答案】8.去掉can 或can→should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest 作建议讲时,后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟
语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,所以本句可以去掉can 或将can 改为should。
3.【2016 年浙江卷】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _________
since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen
B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果政府和科学家不共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005 年的最高点下降。
使用虚拟语气,if 条件句用的had done,而且省略if,将had 提前,主句用would have done 表示对过去情
况的虚拟。故选D。
考点:考查虚拟语气。
4. 【2016 年浙江卷】George _________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone
B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done 一定不可能做了某事;must have
done 过去一定做了某事;might have done 过去可能做了某事;needn’t have done 过去本不必做某事。故选
C。
考点:考查情态动词+have done。
5. 【2016 年天津卷】It was really annoying; I _____________ get access to the data bank you had
recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这真是令人心烦;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t 不愿意;couldn’t 不能;shouldn’t
不应该;needn’t 不必。根据句意可知选B。
6. 【2016 年北京卷】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意:我喜欢周末,因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t 不需要;B.
mustn’t 禁止;C. wouldn’t 不愿;D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据句意可知,周六、周日不用早起,故选A。
7. 【2016 年北京卷】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have
helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查虚拟语气。句意:你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我的话,我就可
以帮你了。根据第一句可知,这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟,if 条件句的时态应该用过去完成时,故
选B。
8. 【2016 年江苏卷】If it _________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been
B. should not be
C. were not to be
D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。故A
项正确。
12.【2016 年天津卷】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I _____________.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。此处使用虚拟语气,if 条件句
用了had done,由此可知,主句用would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟,而且I 和injure 是被动关系,
故选D。