专题01 名词、冠词
考点
十年考情（2015-2024）
命题趋势
考点1 名词
可数名词复数（10 年48 考）
2024 北京卷（boundaries）、
2023 浙江卷（events）不可数名词
2024 浙江卷（criticism）
2020 卷（pollution）
高考对名词的考查仍然会成为高
考的重点，主要集中在给出词根
进行词类转化，再备考时掌握高
频名词后缀规则，并兼顾一些特
殊复数形式，还有注意抽象名词
具体化。
2.高考仍然会以考查冠词的基本
用法和习惯搭配为主，以语篇型
语法填空形式出现，把冠词的各
种用法如结合名词、形容词等一
起进行考查。
名词所有格（10 年6 考）
's 所有格：2022 新高考II 卷（son's）
2021 浙江卷（person's）
of 所有格：2024 全国甲卷（completion）
名词词性转换（10 年32）
动词→名词：2024 新课标II 卷（visibility）、2020
山东卷（accuracy）
形容词→名词：2020 新课标I 卷（interest）
考点2 冠词
（10 年39
考）
定冠词the：特指（2024 浙江卷“the other”）
最高级（2025 全国卷“the earliest”）
不定冠词a/an：泛指（2025 浙江卷“a new way”）
考点01 名词
1.（2025 年全国一卷）“In a Go game each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent
into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____5
9 ____
(guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player
among the visitors to the exhibition.
【答案】 59. guidance
【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此
处
2.（2025 年全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____43____
(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ____44____ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
【答案】 43. absence 44. afternoons
【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天
很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to 的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填
absence。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午
有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。
故填afternoons。
2.（2025 年1 月浙江卷） As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental
services have become increasingly popular.
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60to rent____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright
providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing.
....
“I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean
_____65return
ing
_____
(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【57 解析】考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time 表
示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer 修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。
【61 解析】考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活
动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a 修饰，
用单数形式。故填solution。
【64 解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不
总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people’s，作定
语。故填people’s。
专题01 冠词、名词
2024 年
1. 【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective
____functional57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals ( 萼片)”
made of glass and aluminium (铝).
56.【答案】engineering
【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空
处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。
57.【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
2. 【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain
for ____61the____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影
响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时
态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
3. 【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary,
lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the
Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
62.【答案】favorites
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite 是可数
名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel 可知，空处应用名词的
复数形式。故填favorites。
4.【2024 全国甲卷】They are ____42____（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）.
【答案】treasures
【解析】考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure 表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they
are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。
5.【2024 全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the ____48____（complete）of
their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state,
Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world.
【答案】completion
【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应
填名词作宾语，complete 名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
6.【2024 新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could
never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the
Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
37.【答案】themes
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson 说，尽管他们从未见
过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，
本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
7.【2024 新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible),
said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43to find___
(find)the connection between the two great writers.
42.【答案】visibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：Edmondson 说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，
游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international 后接名词形式，
visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
8.【2024 北京卷】 To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and
professional life.
【14 题详解】
考场名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary 是
可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life 可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名
词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
9.【2024 浙江1 月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the
____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
【40 题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据
“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism 表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
10.【2024 浙江1 月卷】Then, when you use one section, ____44____ other stays fresh.
【44 题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other 意为“另一个”，为固定
搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
2023 年
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____
which/that6
3____
welcomes
the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____
6 4____
(wonder) standing side by
side with historical buildings of the past.
【44 题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21 世纪的建筑奇迹
与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the
past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
2.【2023 年全国乙卷】Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
5.考查冠词。句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same 前常加定冠词。故same 前加the。
3.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___
5 6___
(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___
confident
5 7___
(confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___
6 1___
(interview) in English with
international journalists.
【56 题详解】
考查名词。句意：从2017 年6 月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动
物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应
填名词作介词before 的宾语，arrive 的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
【61 题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，
所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview 意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填
interviews。
4.【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___
6 9___
(warn) about environmental
destruction.
【69 题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty 后接名词形式。根据句
中不定冠词a 可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
5.【2023 年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees 可知，
此处应用复数形式。故butterfly 改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely 后跟形容词
beautiful，作表语。故beautifully 改为beautiful。
6.【2023 年浙江1 月卷】Thanks to Beijing’s long history as63 capital of China, almost every hutong
has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event).
【答案】events
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，
甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic 可知，空格处需要填名词，且event 为可数名
词，应用复数形式。故填events。
7.【2023 年北京卷】Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds.
【答案】cities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city
作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
2022 年
1.【2022.6 新高考1 卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the
wild.
答案：populations
解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and 后的复数名词homes 并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种
群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2.【2022 全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __largest_
(large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry.
答案： responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其
他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a 后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
3.【2022 新高考二卷】___37
The
___
Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
...He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son's
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life 与提示词son 之间是所属关系，故
应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
4. 【2022.全国乙卷 短文改错】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】bicycle → bicycles
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle 为可数名词，由句中
的cars 和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle 改为bicycles。
5. 【2022 年天津卷第二次】When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t
stop eating.
A. appetite
B. power
C. memory
D. sight
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A.
appetite 食欲；B. power 权利；C. memory 记忆；D. sight 视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating 表示
对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A 项符合句意。故选A 项。
2021 年
1.【2021 新高考1 卷 】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故
填humans。
2. 【2021.6 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates
and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and 前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以
空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3. 【2021.6 全国乙卷】. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking
（远足）
and
accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range 为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复
数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
4.【2021.6 全国甲卷 改错】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the
same age and can understand each other.
【答案】friend 改为friends
【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， "their friend or classmates " 中or 前后一致，故前面
应该把friend 改为friends。
5. 【2021.1 浙江卷】It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI 的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为
单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight 可知weight 和person 是从属关系。
故答案为person's。
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】In 1844 they bought it for
＄1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed
their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
3.【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser
于1842 年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
7.（2021.6 全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
【答案】dish 改为dishes
【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals 可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish
改为dishes。
8.【2021.6 全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated
about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money
for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the 和空后介词of 可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当
地地区的发展有益。故填development。
9．【2021 年天津卷第一次】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in
medical science.
A．traditions
B．advances
C．pressures
D．examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions 传统；B.
advances 前进，进步；C. pressures 压力；D. examples 例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health
have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances 符合语境。故选B。
10. 【2021 年天津卷第二次】In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A. system
B. method
C. investment
D. environment
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system
体系，系统；B. method 方法；C. investment 投资；D. environment 环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有
序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D 项。
2020 年
1.【2020·新课标I 卷】The far side of the moon is of particular
64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar
near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular 可知，空处应填名
词，interest 是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.【2020·新课标I 卷 改错】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick 改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick 是可数名
词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick 改为chopsticks。
3.【2020·新课标II 卷】Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a 后接名词形式。故
填celebration。
4.【2020·新课标II 卷 改错】Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】将vacations 改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation 译为“假
期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s 表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations
改为vacation。
5.【2020·新课标III 卷】Filled with 64
．
(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with 为介词，后跟名词curiosity 作宾语，
表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
6. 【2020·江苏卷】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation
B. transformation
C. distinction
D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation 预订；B.
transformation 改革，变革；C. distinction 区别；D. submission 提交。根据前文The health security systems 可
知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
7.【2020·山东卷】Historical 44
．
(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical 之
后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
8.【2020·浙江卷】Later，they learned to work with the 62
．
(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry
areas，
63
（
making
）
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年
的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons.
9.【2020 年北京卷】 Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to
stop people using them.
【答案】 7. countries
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。
lots of 修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
2019 年
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for
football.
【答案】players
【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player 的复数形
式。故将player 改为players。
2.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65
have
reported
___
(report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are
increasing.
【答案】belief
【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
3.【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do.
【答案】jobs
【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种
类工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job 改为jobs。
4.【2019 年北京卷】 No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity)
on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities
are endless.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前
的various 可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
5.【2019 年全国卷III】 When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an 与空格后的不定式to watch 可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。
故填competition。
6.【2019 年全国卷III】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a
different theme and a unique style.
【答案】cities
【解析】考查名词的用法。many different 后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city 改为cities。
7.【2019 年浙江卷6 月】Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school
performance.
【答案】 connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no 是形容词，形容词修饰
名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词
形式。故填connection/connections。
8. 【2018 年浙江卷11 月】 One study showed that _____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight
or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ______
to have
__65________
(have) children
with birth defects.
【答案】women
【解析】考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
9.【2019 年江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority
B. potential
C. proportion
D. pension
【答案】.A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先；
优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
10.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in
many ways.
A. statement
B. impact
C. impression
D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影
响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判
断力判断”。故选B。
2018 年
1.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to
explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility
D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们
去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议；B. order 命令；C. possibility 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。故选C。
2. 【2018·新课标卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5 到10 分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。
根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3. 【2018·新课标卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes
and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist 科学家。
4. 【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish)
is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
5. 【2018·浙江卷】 Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside
the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
6.【2018 年全国Ⅱ卷】 This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and
reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。
has decreased 后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
7.【2018 年全国Ⅲ卷】 At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for
learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."（短文改错）
【答案】mistake 改为mistakes
【解析】考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。
8.【2018 年浙江卷6 月】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56
(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
9.【2018 年江苏卷】 Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行
事。A. assignment 分配；B. association 交往；C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening
实际发生和instead of 而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
2017 年
1. 【2017 年新课标Ⅲ卷】 She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
....She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【答案】education
【解析】 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
【答案】 invitations
【解析】invitations 考查名词单复数。several 修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。
2.【2017 年新课标Ⅱ卷】.This development was only possible with the
69
(introduce) of electric-powered
engines and lifts.
【答案】 introduction
【解析】考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the 可知,其后应接名词,故填introduction。
3.【2017 年新课标Ⅱ卷】Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. （短文改错）
【答案】informations 改为information：
【解析】考查名词，information 是不可数名词，故将informations 改为information.
4.【2017 年新课标Ⅰ卷】 The instructor kept repeating the word, ＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂ （短文
改错）
【答案】word 改为words
【解析】考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊＂加速！＂＂减速！＂＂左转！＂。word＂单词，消息＂，
words 可以表示为word 的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将word 改为
words。
5.【2017 年浙江卷】Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful
of small
56
(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】 carrots 【解析】考查名词。根据＂a handful of ＂可知要用carrot 的复数形式，故填carrots。
2016
1. 【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new
hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).
The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being
bottle-fed, the70
other is with mum — she never suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【解析】考查名词。 形容词top 后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【解析】 考查名词复数。few 修饰复数名词。
2. 【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Recent
46
(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short
breaks
regularly
47
(regular).
【答案】studies
【解析】考查名词复数。最新的研究表明,如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话,我们在工作中会变得高效得多。
分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,为复数形式,且study 作"研究,调查"讲时为可数名词,故主语应为复数。
故填studies。
3.【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】 If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get
from books.
【答案】 knowledges→knowledge
【解析】考查名词单复数。knowledge 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
4. 【2016 年新课标Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,
who
67
lived
from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词。the＋名词＋of…意为＂……的……＂，这里指＂筷子的发展＂，故填development。
5.【2016 年新课标Ⅲ卷】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
【答案】year 改为years。
【解析】考查名词复数。13 至19 岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。
6.【2016 年浙江卷】 It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your
_________.
A. condition
B. income
C. credit
D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition 条件；income 收入；credit 学
分，信用（卡）；status 地位。根据句意故选C。
7. 【2016 年浙江卷】 When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well
years late.
【答案】children 改成child
【解析】因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children 改成child。
8. 【2016 年天津卷】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____________ of rain later
tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。
故选D。
9.【2016 年四川卷】Any smell might attract natural
65
(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
【答案】.enemies
【解析】句意：任何气味都可能引来天敌。天敌不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
10.【2016 年四川卷】Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.
【答案】houseworks→housework
【解析】housework 是不可数名词，故把 houseworks 改为housework。
11. 【2016 年江苏卷】 —Can you tell us your _________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe
B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe 秘诀，食谱，药方；record 记录；range 范围；receipt 收据，收条。根
据句意可知A 项＂秘诀＂符合题意。
12. 【2016 年江苏卷】 —Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his _________, I am afraid.
A. Achilles’ heel
B. child’s play
C. green fingers
D. last straw
【答案】A
【解析】考查谚语。Achilles’ heel 唯一的致命的弱点；child’s play 容易做的事情，轻而易举的事情；green
fingers 搞园艺的才能；last straw 最后一根稻草。句意：——杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。——
恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱点。根据句意可知A 项正确。
考点02 冠词
1.（2025 年全国一卷）Go is one of ____5
7 ___
earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of
the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge
of the exhibition.
【答案】 57. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填
the。
2.（2025 年1 月浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of
____56____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear
more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
【56 解析】考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在
澳大利亚流行起来。可数名词way 在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且new 发音以辅音音素开头，应用不
定冠词a 修饰。故填a。
专题01 冠词、名词
2024 年
1.【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____walks60____ (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain
for ____61____ first time.
61.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定
搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
2.【2024 浙江1 月卷】Then, when you use one section, ____44____ other stays fresh.
【44 题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other 意为“另一个”，为固定
搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
2023 年
1.【2023 年全国乙卷】Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same 前常加定冠词。故same 前加
the。
2.【2023 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Not the pandas, even though ___39___ language used for the medical training
instructions is actually English.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，
此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
3. 【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot,
clear and delicious.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of
“一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
4.【2023 年全国甲卷】In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes
more meaningful to me.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示
“散步”短语为take a walk。故the 改为a。
5.【2023 年浙江1 月卷】 In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,
the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots
Beijingers.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出
的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture 后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers 可知，此处culture 表示特
指概念，应用定冠词the 修饰。故填the。
2022 年
1.【2022 新高考I 卷】Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句
的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2．【2022 全国甲卷】____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的
一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend 以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
3. 【2022 全国乙卷】To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案：the
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特
指International Tea Day 这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
4.【2022 年浙江 1 月】Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she
could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案：the
解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb 开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分
之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb 询问的时间范围内，故填the。
5.【2022 新高考二卷】___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与
Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the 符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，
首字母应该大写。故填The。
2021 年
1.【2021 新高考1 卷 】While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10
must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，must 为名词，表示 "必须的事" ，所以前应用冠词，且无特指。
故填a。
2.【2021.6 全国甲卷】It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 "自始自终，一路上" 。故填the。
3.【2021.6 全国乙卷】Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles:
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to 的宾语，构成the growing
popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their
growing family.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在
1856 年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
2019 年
1.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。名词football 为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football 第一次出现，故在football
前加a。
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个
动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为and。
2.【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】.Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
__
are
_70___
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
69. 【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. 【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six 作主语，代指前文中的“ polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
3.【2019 年全国卷III】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities. Each of my cafes will have a
different theme and an unique style.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词的用法。an 用在元音音素前，a 用在辅音因素前。unique 是以辅音音素开头的单词，前
用a。故把an 改为a。
4.【2019 年浙江卷6 月】 Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in
unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the 连
用修饰名词。故填the。
2018 年
1. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside 前加the
【解析】countryside 前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，
故加定冠词the。
2. 【2018·新课标卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years，while
rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25 年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过
去的25 年里。故填the。
3. 【2018·新课标卷III】Unexpectedly，I'm face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at
____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
4. 【2018 年全国Ⅲ卷】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____
top of her lungs.
【答案】 the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
2017 年
1.【2017 年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model 是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。
2.【2017 年新课标Ⅱ卷】This included digging up the road, laying
63
(lay) the track and then building a
strong roof over
64
top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在 top 前加the。
3.【2017 年新课标Ⅱ卷】They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work
every day...
【答案】a 改为an 或one：
【解析】考查冠词，因为hour 音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a 改为an 或者one。
4.【2017 年新课标Ⅰ卷】.As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result 表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的
东西。故填a。
5.【2017 年浙江卷】..For Pahlsson, its return was
65
wonder.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。wonder 是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填
a。
2016
1.【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】The nursery team switches him every few
days
69
(day) with his sister so
that while one is being bottle-fed, 70
other is with mum — she never suspects.
【答案】the
【解析】the 考查冠词。one …the other＂一个……另一个＂。
2.【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】 My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.
【答案 becoming 前加of
【解析】固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。
【答案 the →a
【解析】固定短语：in a short period of time 在短时间内。
3. 【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for
48
while, exercising,
or doing something you enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语for a while 意为"一会儿"。
4.【2016 年新课标Ⅲ卷】At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
【答案】删除the
【解析】考查固定搭配。at first 表示＂起初＂。
5.【2016 年浙江卷】_________ prize for the winner of the competition is _________ two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The; 不填 B. A; 不填 C. A; the
D. The; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两个星期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，
用定冠词；第二空泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。
6.【2016 年浙江卷】 Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.
【答案】at 后面加the
【解析】at the end of 为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故在at 后面加the。
7.【2016 年四川卷】 I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
【答案】in 后面加the
【解析】在in 和kitchen 之间加the 句意：我在厨房里做饭。此处特指在厨房里，故在in 和kitchen 之间
加the。
