专题四 语法填空
考法一 有提示词类
第1 讲 提示词为动词
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
【辨明题类】
若分句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系
时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状
语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来
确定谓语动词的数。
【技法点拨】
技法1 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定时态：
1．句中有标志性的时间状语时，应根据时间状语考虑用相应的时态。
①看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes 等时间状语，要想到用一般现
在时。
②看到yesterday, then, last year, in＋过去的时间点，the other day, ...days ago，一
段时间＋later 等时间状语，要想到通常用一般过去时。
③看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon 等时间状语，要想到用一
般将来时。
④看到at this moment, at present, now 等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
⑤看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past...years, so far, ever since...等时
间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
⑥看到by then, by＋过去的时间点等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
(2025·重庆市高三一模)Since then, pizza (take) the world by storm.
2．提示词与句中的另一个谓语动词存在并列关系，可以考虑时态一致。
①可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither...nor..., not only...but also...等前
后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
②同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态和语态要保持一
致。
(2025·重庆市高三一模)After receiving it, Su Shi instructed his family to cut the
meat into cubes, burned red and crisp, and then (distribute) it to the migrant
workers participating in the dredging of the West Lake to eat.
3．句中没有标志性的时间状语，考虑根据语境确定相应时态。
(2025·吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州高三一模)Eating tangyuan (symbolize)
the unity of the family and anticipates a happy life.
4．分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且该句是固定句式时，考虑用相应的时
态。平时要积累并熟记以下常用句式：
①sb.was/were doing sth.when sb.did...
②sb.had(just) done sth.when sb.did...
③This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb.had done...
④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
⑤It's(high) time that sb.did/should do sth.
(2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)Kale, excited to be part of the
Gala, said it was the first time that he (celebrate) Chinese New Year in
China and that it was his animal year as he was born in 1989.
技法2 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定语态：
1．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系时，应考虑用主
动语态，若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)The game has a minimal learning curve and can
(pick) up in a single session.
2．分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考
虑用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2025·广东省湛江市高三一模)The Central Axis (date) back to the Yuan
Dynasty, while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
技法3 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，可以采用以下技法确定主谓一
致：
1．考虑语法一致原则确定主谓一致。
①由分数、百分数或者some, a part of 等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语
动词的单复数。
②主语后有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than,
including, in addition to 等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保
持一致。
(2025·福建省厦门市高三一模)This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two
other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, (design)
scientifically to control the water flow throughout the year.
2．考虑就近一致原则确定主谓一致
①主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接
时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
②there，here 引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持
一致。
(2025·四川省达州市高三二模)“In Derung dialect, the expression ‘naze naze’ or
‘no hurry’ (use) to comfort both oneself and others during tasks that
require time and care, like weaving，” says Liu.
3．考虑意义一致原则确定主谓一致
①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主
语时，谓语动词用复数。
②集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数
形式。
③由连词and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割
的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
④非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
(2025· 湘豫名校联考高三二模)Respecting teachers and valuing education
(be) traditions of the Chinese nation.
【真题体验】
1．(2025·浙江1 月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new—men have been
renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities (reveal) during the game,
and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds.
3．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by
no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
4．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
(be) one of them.
5．(2025·北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several
decisions even without noticing.
6．(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes (achieve) through a thorough
understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
7 ．(2025· 北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,
tourists (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which
accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
8．(2024·浙江1 月卷)However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of
sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in
smaller packs.
9．(2024·浙江1 月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start)
selling chicken or salad in packs designed (design) with two halves containing
separate portions (份)．
10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse
(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk
as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
11 ．(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about
(be)also Shakespeare's concerns.
12 ．(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired
(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten
minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
13．(2024·全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that
had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
14．(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place?
15．(2023·浙江1 月卷)Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live
closer to the center of the circles.
16 ．(2023· 浙江1 月卷)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and
wealthy businessmen often (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof
beams and pillars (柱子)．
17．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I
grew up.
18．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I
(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a
rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
19．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable(remark) development of this city, which is
consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,
(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing
Beijing for the next 50 years.
20．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed
down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to
important truths.
非谓语动词
【辨明题类】
所给提示词是动词时，若分句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，则要考虑
非谓语动词。此时需要确定非谓语动词的形式以及与逻辑主语的主被动关系，
也可以借助固定结构进行解题。
【技法点拨】
技法1 提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据句法功能确定非谓语动词的形式：
1．提示词在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结果或者形容词后作状语时，应考虑
用不定式。
(2025·广东省大湾区高三一模)This was best seen in the two longest-serving capitals
of Luoyang and Chang'an, which were laid out with wide avenues ( 林荫道) and
smaller streets crossing each other at 90-degree angles (create) a carpet of
precise shape of squares.
2．提示词在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料之中的结果、方式等状语时，应考
虑用现在分词或过去分词。
(2025·河南省安阳市高三一模)You had better not visit Mount Wudang during the
hot and humid summer months as the temperatures can be very high,
(make) outdoor activities challenging.
3．提示词在句中作主语或宾语时，要考虑用动名词或不定式。
(2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模)Chengdu is just as busy as any city struggling
(become) as wealthy as it can be.
技法2 提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式：
1．提示词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的主动形式。
(2025·安徽省滁州市高三一模)On the Olympic stage, these young people uphold the
proud traditions of Chinese sports while showcasing a new image of a confident and
open China, (demonstrate) the deep integration of Chinese values with the
Olympic spirit—it's not just about being faster, higher, stronger, but about embracing
sports with a positive attitude as well.
2．提示词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，考虑用非谓语动词的被动形式。
(2025·安徽省马鞍山市高三一模)As a signature part of Chinese culture, the Spring
Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals
(practice) in China and around the world.
技法3 提示词为动词作非谓语时，根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式：
1．提示词在介词之后或在只接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用动名
词。
(2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)The process involves (place) small, square
herbal plasters or bandages on various areas of the back and neck.
2．提示词在只接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。
(2025·广东省江门市高三一模)As a Nanjing native, Zhu feels a deep connection to
her topics and aims (express) her observations and thoughts through her
videos.
3．提示词在只接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)后，应考虑用不定式。
(2025·安徽省“江南十校”联考高三一模)The policy not only brings convenience
for foreign travelers but also invites them (experience) everyday life in
China.
【真题体验】
1．(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone
(scare)．
2 ．(2025· 全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used
clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance (discover) one of the
great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for
an entire day.
3．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet
or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you're missing out on one of life's
wonders.
4．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and
AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and
expressionism.”
5 ．(2025· 浙江1 月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women
(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution(solve)
to one-time event dressing.
6．(2025·浙江1 月卷)“I really want to make this work for people's(people) lives
today, and I know that doesn't always mean (return) a dress on the Monday
after a special weekend，” she says.
7．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the
national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their
large size and variety.
8 ．(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion,
(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten
minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
9 ．(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's
international visibility (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking
through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find)the connection
between the two great writers.
10．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of
Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to
Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,
“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was
being performed.”
11．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to
create this protective functional (function) structure that is also beautiful.
12．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside
plants sunshine and fresh air.
13．(2024·浙江1 月卷)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra
(benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense.
14．(2024·浙江1 月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started
(start) selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves
containing separate portions (份)．
15．(2023·浙江1 月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City,
(surround)in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
16．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to
(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan
from China.
17．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a
small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill( 溢出), or to put the
whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
18．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup
dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of
Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.
19．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,
allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them
tearing or spilling any of their (they) contents.
20．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely (rare)
enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
21．(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal
palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its
layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
22．(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was
amazed (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep
such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
23 ．(2023· 全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years
(record) everything I discovered.
24 ．(2023· 全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables( 寓言)
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
25．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all
life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,
(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
26 ．(2023· 全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message
(intend) for everyone.
动词的派生
【辨明题类】
提示词为动词时，通过分析句子成分，若不需要提示词保持动词词性则需要对
提示词进行词性转换，根据所作语法功能不同分别派生为名词、形容词或副
词。
【技法点拨】
1．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当主语、宾语，
多应考虑转换成名词。
(2025·云南省昆明市高三一模)It presented a perfect (combine) of
graceful skating, high-speed race, acrobatics (杂技), and theatrical dance.
词形式combination 符合题意，意为“结合”。
2．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当表语、定语，
多应考虑转换形容词。
(2025· 云南省昆明市高三一模)Traditionally, the sport was displayed on
(freeze) rivers and lakes.
3．需要对提示词进行词性转换时，派生出来的词若在句子中充当状语，多应考
虑转换成副词。
(2025· 广东省汕头市高三一模)Despite its name, the red panda is not
(close) related to the giant panda but shares similar habitats and a diet primarily
consisting of bamboo leaves and shoots.
【真题体验】
1．(2025·浙江1 月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent(rent)
rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to
one-time event dressing.
2．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to
follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei, a Go
player among the visitors to the exhibition.
3．(2024·浙江1 月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one
free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste.
4．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to
protect the plants.
5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two
new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the
zoo to feel more comfortable and confident (confidence) speaking English.
6．(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty (warn)
about environmental destruction.
A
(2025·河南省百师联盟高三二模)
The list of happiest cities in China in 2024 was released at the Happy Cities of China
Forum 2024 held in Shanghai and Changsha, 1.
provincial city of Hunan
Province, was rated as one of the happiest cities in China for 2024, 2.
(hold)
the title for 17 years in a row.And it's easy 3.
(understand) why—it has one
of the most exciting nightlife and street food scenes in China.After sampling some
black stinky tofu and fish head 4.
(top) with duo jiao on Pozijie, travelers
can head to Huangxing Road Walking street, 5.
integrates shopping,
entertainment, cultural tourism and other functions.
Changsha is a city of boundless passion.Wuyi Square in downtown Changsha is 6.
(frequent) crowded with tourists.With booming entertainment and cultural industries,
Changsha has become a 7.
(sleep) city known for its wonderful nightlife.
From bronze instruments of the Shang Dynasty to fascinating archaeological findings
from the Mawangdui tombs of the Han Dynasty, Changsha 8.
(develop)
brilliant culture passed on from generation to generation for some 3,000
years.Building on Hunan culture, which stresses practicality, Changsha has done a
fantastic job of bringing a millennia-old local culture 9.
life, inspiring
cultural innovation.Changsha people have maintained their culture with efforts and
10.
(persevere), and today they are characterizing modern Changsha with
ambition and bravery.
B
(2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模)
The annual Champions of the Earth Award, the UN's highest environmental honor,
recognizes pioneers making efforts to protect the people and the planet.122
recipients(接受者) of the award have been honored for outstanding and inspirational
environmental leadership 1.
2005.
Chinese scientist Lu Qi 2.
(award) the title of 2024 Champions of the Earth
of Science and Innovation for his contributions to 3.
(address)
desertification(沙漠化), land degradation and drought last Tuesday.
Lu is the chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Forestry as well as 4.
founding president of the Institute of Great Green Wall.He is the first Chinese 5.
has been honored in this category.According to the report, Lu has played a key role in
carrying out the world's largest afforestation( 造林) project 6.
in
establishing expert research networks and partnerships.This award is the highest 7.
(recognize) and greatest encouragement for China's forestry and grassland efforts,
especially for the scientists and technologists 8.
(devote) to sand control.
Lu said the Champions of the Earth Award would inspire more scientists and
ecological workers, particularly younger generations, to contribute their time 9.
(active) to global environmental protection and the achievement of the UN's 2030
Goals.Lu also expressed a desire to see more 10.
(effect) and adaptable
desertification control technologies shared globally through initiatives such as China's
Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative.
C
(2025·云南省曲靖市高三一模)
For decades, China's internal migration 1.
(see) hundreds of millions of
move from rural areas to cities in search of opportunity, but now a growing number of
young urbanites are reversing(扭转) this trend, 2.
(draw) to the countryside
by new prospects in revitalized(充满活力的) rural communities.
Liu Xiabing left Guangdong to return to her rural hometown, with the aim of reviving
her family's declining bamboo weaving business.
Bamboo weaving has long been the backbone of Xiamu village in the southern
Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.However, the 2008 financial crisis led to 3.
sharp decline in export orders, 4.
(leave) warehouses( 仓库) filled with
unsold goods and nearly paralyzing the bamboo trade.
Determined 5.
(breathe) new life into the tradition, the 33-year-old returned
full of 6.
(innovate) ideas.Her contemporary twist on the ancient craft led to
the 7.
(create) of fresh products, like pet houses and play structures, 8.
quickly gained popularity among younger buyers.Embracing China's flourishing
influencer economy( 网红经济), Liu launched an online store and started
livestreaming on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok.
Her strategy paid off, with annual 9.
(sale) reaching nearly 6 million yuan
(about $841,432) at their peak.Liu's success reflects a broader trend—many young
Chinese are turning to social media platforms to promote unique rural products,
ranging 10.
beef jerky to potted plants.
